Conference on the History of Opposition in Southern Africa
- Authors: Merè, Gary
- Date: 1978-01-27-30
- Subjects: South Africa -- Politics and government -- Congresses , Government, Resistance to -- South Africa -- Congresses , Apartheid -- South Africa -- Congresses , South Africa -- Social conditions -- Congresses
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/66512 , vital:28957
- Description: The Inkatha movement has received, large publicity over the few years since its revival and especially recently with the formation of an alliance between Inkatha, the ("Coloured") labour Party and the ("Indian") Reform Party, Thi3 paper was done to suggest a possible approach, for discussion, to the analysis of current political, ideological and economic developments in the reserve areas of the South African social formation. More specifically the paper hopes to provide information that could be relevant to an analysis of developments in the kwaZulu region. An elaboration of the hints at an approach, integration of factors relating to the stage of capitalism in the South African social formation and class struggle would have made this a more satisfactory paper for discussion. The approach adopted has to be extremely tentative at this stage, both because of the immediate and obvious problems associated with contemporary research and analysis (It is even less possible to approach the subject with "objectivity", to "distance oneself from it", than is the case with topics that can more properly be called "history") but also because of the dearth of material available on the reserve "homeland" areas and the difficult y of doing research in these areas. (Wages Commission research into conditions on wattle plantations, Cosmas Desmond and others and their work on resettlement etc., and subsequent responses to these investigations, give some idea of the sensitivity of thin work), In the first section I will introduce certain concepts relating to an analysis of the "homelands" through some recent writing on these areas. References will be to the kwaZulu region. The second section deal.3 specifically with the Inkatha movement. Information relating to this movement is provided and one issue is presented in greater detail, hut no rigorous attempt is mado to apply the mode of analysis of the first section to the issues around the position of 'Inkatha. Indicators exist but with so many dynamics operative they can be no more than that. However, I do not believe that it is possible to understand the political, economic and ideological developments in the "homelands" without keeping the questions raised in the first section in mind - and definitely impossible to come to an adequate understanding if these areas are looked at in isolation, ie if apparently "internal" events and processes are not situated within a context broadly defined by the specific stage of the development of capitalism in South Africa (monopoly dominance), and without keeping in mind the history of class struggle within the social formation. , Class formation in the South African reserve areas: Inkatha - a study
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1978-01-27-30
- Authors: Merè, Gary
- Date: 1978-01-27-30
- Subjects: South Africa -- Politics and government -- Congresses , Government, Resistance to -- South Africa -- Congresses , Apartheid -- South Africa -- Congresses , South Africa -- Social conditions -- Congresses
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/66512 , vital:28957
- Description: The Inkatha movement has received, large publicity over the few years since its revival and especially recently with the formation of an alliance between Inkatha, the ("Coloured") labour Party and the ("Indian") Reform Party, Thi3 paper was done to suggest a possible approach, for discussion, to the analysis of current political, ideological and economic developments in the reserve areas of the South African social formation. More specifically the paper hopes to provide information that could be relevant to an analysis of developments in the kwaZulu region. An elaboration of the hints at an approach, integration of factors relating to the stage of capitalism in the South African social formation and class struggle would have made this a more satisfactory paper for discussion. The approach adopted has to be extremely tentative at this stage, both because of the immediate and obvious problems associated with contemporary research and analysis (It is even less possible to approach the subject with "objectivity", to "distance oneself from it", than is the case with topics that can more properly be called "history") but also because of the dearth of material available on the reserve "homeland" areas and the difficult y of doing research in these areas. (Wages Commission research into conditions on wattle plantations, Cosmas Desmond and others and their work on resettlement etc., and subsequent responses to these investigations, give some idea of the sensitivity of thin work), In the first section I will introduce certain concepts relating to an analysis of the "homelands" through some recent writing on these areas. References will be to the kwaZulu region. The second section deal.3 specifically with the Inkatha movement. Information relating to this movement is provided and one issue is presented in greater detail, hut no rigorous attempt is mado to apply the mode of analysis of the first section to the issues around the position of 'Inkatha. Indicators exist but with so many dynamics operative they can be no more than that. However, I do not believe that it is possible to understand the political, economic and ideological developments in the "homelands" without keeping the questions raised in the first section in mind - and definitely impossible to come to an adequate understanding if these areas are looked at in isolation, ie if apparently "internal" events and processes are not situated within a context broadly defined by the specific stage of the development of capitalism in South Africa (monopoly dominance), and without keeping in mind the history of class struggle within the social formation. , Class formation in the South African reserve areas: Inkatha - a study
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1978-01-27-30
Conference on the History of Opposition in Southern Africa
- Authors: Yawitch, Joanne
- Date: 1978-01-27-30
- Subjects: Riots -- South Africa -- Durban , Beer -- South Africa -- Durban -- History , Women, Black -- Durban -- Economic conditions -- Congresses , Black people -- South Africa -- Durban -- Social conditions -- Congresses , Apartheid -- South Africa -- Durban -- History
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/66623 , vital:28972
- Description: In June 1959 there were widespread riots and disturbances in the Durban African area of Cato Manor. The fundamental causes were socio-economic; arising from such factors as poor living conditions and widespread poverty. But it was the exhaustive beer-raids on illegal stills that provided a flashpoint. It was illegal for Africans to brew their own beer; instead they were obliged to purchase it from the municipal beer-halls - the money then being used for the development and administration of African facilities, (l) Amongst the inhabitants of Cato Manor and particularly amongst women who traditionally brewed the beer, this caused much dissatisfaction. However, discontent was prevented from reaching breaking -point by the police strategy of ignoring illegal brewing as long as amounts did not exceed more than k to 8 gallons, and also by only carrying out very perfunctory raids. (2) Another dimension was added to the beer-hall issue in the form of complaints by women that this was not the traditional way of doing things. They said that men should obtain beer from their women instead of frequenting the beer halls, and more importantly, by patronising the beer-halls, men were depriving their women of what little money they could have paid them. (3) In this complaint centering around the fact that an element of traditional life was being disrupted, is contained another issue of basic importance to the Natal riots in general. The policies of the government as implemented by the Durban Corporation in the case of Cato Manor meant the fragmentation of a traditional and still important social order. The economic function of the women of Cato Manor, and ass will be seen later, of most Natal women was being removed. In addition to basic deprivation it was this factor that can to a large extent be seen as the reason for the intensity and militancy of the women's attacks on the beer-halls and on Corporation property. Cato Manor was an area unique among the locations and townships of Durban. Its inhabitants had moved there in the years just after the war without any official sanction. Cato Manor was unplanned, and as a result of its spontaneous creation far less controlled and policed than any of the townships set up as a result of government planning. Because of this freedom Cato Manor was a haven for all those who were illegally in the urban areas, or whose livelihood contravened the multitude of rules and regulations governing the lives of Africans. Cato Manor's large population of shebeen queens owed its existence to this lack of control. (4) In 1958 there had been considerable discontent and unrest in Cato Manor over the attempt to implement shack-removal schemes, thereby clearing the slum and transferring much of its population to the new township of Kwa Mashu. At Kwa Mashu where rents were higher and which was also less centrally situated than Cato Manor, there was far more rigid control. Removals would have in effect meant that. Cato Manor's large illegal population, including the shebeen Queens and petty traders, would have been deprived of their livelihoods or endorsed out of the urban areas. (5) It was in this context that threats of a Typhoid epidemic in June 1959 caused the Durban Corporation to decide to radically increase and improve sanitation measures in Cato Manor, and to eliminate any conditions conducive to the breeding of flies. The refusal of the inhabitants of Cato Manor to do away with the large quantities of illegal liquor negated the health measures taken by the authorities. Finally, municipal labourers were ordered to enter Cato Manor and destroy all stills. The resentment aroused by this action caused a large group of women to march on the Booth Road Beerhall on June 17th whereupon they chased out the male customers and destroyed the beer. (6) The rioting spread rapidly to other Durban beerhalls and a large proportion of the Corporations property was destroyed. In addition, a successful beer boycott was launched. In Cato Manor violence had subsided by the beginning of July at which time it had already spread to such areas as Verulam and Umbumbulu. Six weeks after the initial rioting essential services had not yet been restored fully in Cato Manor. By the beginning of August unrest was rife in many of Natal's smaller towns as well as a large section of the rural areas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1978-01-27-30
- Authors: Yawitch, Joanne
- Date: 1978-01-27-30
- Subjects: Riots -- South Africa -- Durban , Beer -- South Africa -- Durban -- History , Women, Black -- Durban -- Economic conditions -- Congresses , Black people -- South Africa -- Durban -- Social conditions -- Congresses , Apartheid -- South Africa -- Durban -- History
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/66623 , vital:28972
- Description: In June 1959 there were widespread riots and disturbances in the Durban African area of Cato Manor. The fundamental causes were socio-economic; arising from such factors as poor living conditions and widespread poverty. But it was the exhaustive beer-raids on illegal stills that provided a flashpoint. It was illegal for Africans to brew their own beer; instead they were obliged to purchase it from the municipal beer-halls - the money then being used for the development and administration of African facilities, (l) Amongst the inhabitants of Cato Manor and particularly amongst women who traditionally brewed the beer, this caused much dissatisfaction. However, discontent was prevented from reaching breaking -point by the police strategy of ignoring illegal brewing as long as amounts did not exceed more than k to 8 gallons, and also by only carrying out very perfunctory raids. (2) Another dimension was added to the beer-hall issue in the form of complaints by women that this was not the traditional way of doing things. They said that men should obtain beer from their women instead of frequenting the beer halls, and more importantly, by patronising the beer-halls, men were depriving their women of what little money they could have paid them. (3) In this complaint centering around the fact that an element of traditional life was being disrupted, is contained another issue of basic importance to the Natal riots in general. The policies of the government as implemented by the Durban Corporation in the case of Cato Manor meant the fragmentation of a traditional and still important social order. The economic function of the women of Cato Manor, and ass will be seen later, of most Natal women was being removed. In addition to basic deprivation it was this factor that can to a large extent be seen as the reason for the intensity and militancy of the women's attacks on the beer-halls and on Corporation property. Cato Manor was an area unique among the locations and townships of Durban. Its inhabitants had moved there in the years just after the war without any official sanction. Cato Manor was unplanned, and as a result of its spontaneous creation far less controlled and policed than any of the townships set up as a result of government planning. Because of this freedom Cato Manor was a haven for all those who were illegally in the urban areas, or whose livelihood contravened the multitude of rules and regulations governing the lives of Africans. Cato Manor's large population of shebeen queens owed its existence to this lack of control. (4) In 1958 there had been considerable discontent and unrest in Cato Manor over the attempt to implement shack-removal schemes, thereby clearing the slum and transferring much of its population to the new township of Kwa Mashu. At Kwa Mashu where rents were higher and which was also less centrally situated than Cato Manor, there was far more rigid control. Removals would have in effect meant that. Cato Manor's large illegal population, including the shebeen Queens and petty traders, would have been deprived of their livelihoods or endorsed out of the urban areas. (5) It was in this context that threats of a Typhoid epidemic in June 1959 caused the Durban Corporation to decide to radically increase and improve sanitation measures in Cato Manor, and to eliminate any conditions conducive to the breeding of flies. The refusal of the inhabitants of Cato Manor to do away with the large quantities of illegal liquor negated the health measures taken by the authorities. Finally, municipal labourers were ordered to enter Cato Manor and destroy all stills. The resentment aroused by this action caused a large group of women to march on the Booth Road Beerhall on June 17th whereupon they chased out the male customers and destroyed the beer. (6) The rioting spread rapidly to other Durban beerhalls and a large proportion of the Corporations property was destroyed. In addition, a successful beer boycott was launched. In Cato Manor violence had subsided by the beginning of July at which time it had already spread to such areas as Verulam and Umbumbulu. Six weeks after the initial rioting essential services had not yet been restored fully in Cato Manor. By the beginning of August unrest was rife in many of Natal's smaller towns as well as a large section of the rural areas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1978-01-27-30
Conference on the History of Opposition in Southern Africa
- Authors: Dison, David
- Date: 1978-01-27-30
- Subjects: South Africa -- Politics and government -- Congresses , South Africa -- Social conditions -- Congresses , Local government -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/66567 , vital:28964
- Description: It is certainly true that a number of the men who have sat in homeland representative councils live in white areas. Apartheid idealogues draw two inferences from this observation. Firstly, that as the policy of separate development unfolds, urban representation in homeland councils will be a continuing trend. Secondly, that the political aspirations of urban blacks can be fulfilled in the homeland political arena. (1) Both of these conclusions can be refuted at the empirical level alone. With regard to the first, Kotze himself inadvertently provides us with evidence to the contrary. Of the seven representatives " from white urban areas" whom he mentions, four of these men were forced out of the homeland political arena, in 1975 alone. Collins Ramusi and Mageza, having become "interior ministers" for their homelands (Lebowa and Gazankulu respectively) were forced to leave their positions towards the beginning of that year, and Barney Dladla, Executive Councillor for Community Affairs in Buthelezi's KwaZulu cabinet, was ousted as well. Baldwin Mudau’s Venda Independence People’s party suffered continual harassment and was thwarted in its attempts to hold elections in Venda. It was decided to examine the cases of Mudau and Mageza in greater depth to explain how the demise in their roles as ’homeland politicians’ occurred. This examination revealed the fallaciousness of the second and central inference mentioned earlier. It was shown that although these men lived and worked in the city, their electoral support did not come from the urban areas. Once it was established that their electoral base was in fact a predominantly rural one, the refutation of this second theme became complete. On a purely empirical level then, the contentions of Kotze et al were refuted. But to merely refute these ideological statements by providing evidence to the contrary does not answer the questions that have arisen as a result of the investigation. , Opposition politics in Venda and Gazenkulu
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1978-01-27-30
- Authors: Dison, David
- Date: 1978-01-27-30
- Subjects: South Africa -- Politics and government -- Congresses , South Africa -- Social conditions -- Congresses , Local government -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/66567 , vital:28964
- Description: It is certainly true that a number of the men who have sat in homeland representative councils live in white areas. Apartheid idealogues draw two inferences from this observation. Firstly, that as the policy of separate development unfolds, urban representation in homeland councils will be a continuing trend. Secondly, that the political aspirations of urban blacks can be fulfilled in the homeland political arena. (1) Both of these conclusions can be refuted at the empirical level alone. With regard to the first, Kotze himself inadvertently provides us with evidence to the contrary. Of the seven representatives " from white urban areas" whom he mentions, four of these men were forced out of the homeland political arena, in 1975 alone. Collins Ramusi and Mageza, having become "interior ministers" for their homelands (Lebowa and Gazankulu respectively) were forced to leave their positions towards the beginning of that year, and Barney Dladla, Executive Councillor for Community Affairs in Buthelezi's KwaZulu cabinet, was ousted as well. Baldwin Mudau’s Venda Independence People’s party suffered continual harassment and was thwarted in its attempts to hold elections in Venda. It was decided to examine the cases of Mudau and Mageza in greater depth to explain how the demise in their roles as ’homeland politicians’ occurred. This examination revealed the fallaciousness of the second and central inference mentioned earlier. It was shown that although these men lived and worked in the city, their electoral support did not come from the urban areas. Once it was established that their electoral base was in fact a predominantly rural one, the refutation of this second theme became complete. On a purely empirical level then, the contentions of Kotze et al were refuted. But to merely refute these ideological statements by providing evidence to the contrary does not answer the questions that have arisen as a result of the investigation. , Opposition politics in Venda and Gazenkulu
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1978-01-27-30
A new species of Tropheus (Pisces: Cichlidae) from Lake Tanganyika
- Axelrod, G S (Glen S.), Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Authors: Axelrod, G S (Glen S.) , Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1977-11
- Subjects: Cichlids , Tropheus , Freshwater fishes -- Tanganyika, Lake
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69803 , vital:29581 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 17 , Tropheus polli, a sp. nov. (Pisces: Cichlidae) from Lake Tanganyika, is described and compared with T. moorii Boulenger 1898, T. annectens Boulenger 1900, T. duboisi Marlier 1959, T. brichardi Nelissen & Thys 1975, and T. moorii kasabae Nelissen 1977. Included are detailed morphometric data with a figure and colour plate, a lower pharyngeal bone description with electron micrograph scans, and a type locality map.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977-11
- Authors: Axelrod, G S (Glen S.) , Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1977-11
- Subjects: Cichlids , Tropheus , Freshwater fishes -- Tanganyika, Lake
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69803 , vital:29581 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 17 , Tropheus polli, a sp. nov. (Pisces: Cichlidae) from Lake Tanganyika, is described and compared with T. moorii Boulenger 1898, T. annectens Boulenger 1900, T. duboisi Marlier 1959, T. brichardi Nelissen & Thys 1975, and T. moorii kasabae Nelissen 1977. Included are detailed morphometric data with a figure and colour plate, a lower pharyngeal bone description with electron micrograph scans, and a type locality map.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1977-11
Notes on South African gobies possessing free upper pectoral fin rays (Pisces--Gobiidae)
- Winterbottom, Richard, 1944-, Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Authors: Winterbottom, Richard, 1944- , Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1976-04
- Subjects: Bathygobius fuscus , Bathygobius niger , Gobius saldanha , Monishia william , Fishes -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69792 , vital:29580 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 16 , This paper arose out of difficulties in identifying collections of gobies whose upper pectoral fin rays are silklike and partially or predominantly free of membrane. Four such species have been recorded from South Africa, but there has been considerable confusion over their identification . Various unreported characters were found useful in separating the species. Certain problems exist in separating J.L.B. Smith's type specimens from the general collection. He invariably separated one specimen (labelled as "type") which was stored in a special type cupboard. This occurred whether or not a holotype was actually designated in the original description. Thus, particularly in his earlier works where no holotype was designated, these specimens (for new species based on more than one specimen) are nomenclatorally syntypes. I will refer to such "type" specimens as "syntype (= putative lectotype)". The remaining specimens (either the rest of the syntypic series or, later, the paratypes) were returned to the general collection. Owing to space limitations, all specimens of the same species were, where possible, kept in a single large jar. Paper tags were sewn on to the specimens, giving locality and date of collection. These tags have an unfortunate tendency to disintegrate. Subsequent separation of syntypes and paratypes is, therefore, subject to error. Since in a syntypic series I am referring to a "putative lectotype", the remainder of such series will be called "syntypes (= putative paralectotypes)".
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1976-04
- Authors: Winterbottom, Richard, 1944- , Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1976-04
- Subjects: Bathygobius fuscus , Bathygobius niger , Gobius saldanha , Monishia william , Fishes -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69792 , vital:29580 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 16 , This paper arose out of difficulties in identifying collections of gobies whose upper pectoral fin rays are silklike and partially or predominantly free of membrane. Four such species have been recorded from South Africa, but there has been considerable confusion over their identification . Various unreported characters were found useful in separating the species. Certain problems exist in separating J.L.B. Smith's type specimens from the general collection. He invariably separated one specimen (labelled as "type") which was stored in a special type cupboard. This occurred whether or not a holotype was actually designated in the original description. Thus, particularly in his earlier works where no holotype was designated, these specimens (for new species based on more than one specimen) are nomenclatorally syntypes. I will refer to such "type" specimens as "syntype (= putative lectotype)". The remaining specimens (either the rest of the syntypic series or, later, the paratypes) were returned to the general collection. Owing to space limitations, all specimens of the same species were, where possible, kept in a single large jar. Paper tags were sewn on to the specimens, giving locality and date of collection. These tags have an unfortunate tendency to disintegrate. Subsequent separation of syntypes and paratypes is, therefore, subject to error. Since in a syntypic series I am referring to a "putative lectotype", the remainder of such series will be called "syntypes (= putative paralectotypes)".
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1976-04
A guide to social pensions
- Authors: Barratt, Inez
- Date: 1976-03
- Subjects: Pensions -- South Africa , Social security -- South Africa , Older people -- Services for -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/65412 , vital:28785 , ISBN 086982130X
- Description: In the Republic of South Africa (and in South West Africa) social pensions are non-contributory and are paid out of state revenue, the funds for the purpose being voted annually by Parliament. With minor exceptions, the pensions are granted subject to a means test: that is, income levels are laid down which fix the maximum allowable income including pension. If the total income exceeds this amount an applicant will not be awarded a pension. When these totals are being calculated a certain sum is permitted, called ‘free income’, which does not affect the amount of pension that may be granted. (This ‘free income’ might be made up of earnings, or interest from investments, or profits from agriculture, etc.)These different figures vary according to the kinds of pension and to the population group. They are revised from time to time. Changes are announced by the Minister of Finance in his budget speech to Parliament and usually become effective some months later when details have been worked out by the departments dealing with the respective population groups. Because the conditions under which pensions are granted are fairly frequently changed, and improved, an application which was not successful one year may well succeed a year or two later. Therefore any applicant whose circumstances may have changed, or who believes that new rules may help his case, is advised to apply again. , Revised Edition
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1976-03
- Authors: Barratt, Inez
- Date: 1976-03
- Subjects: Pensions -- South Africa , Social security -- South Africa , Older people -- Services for -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/65412 , vital:28785 , ISBN 086982130X
- Description: In the Republic of South Africa (and in South West Africa) social pensions are non-contributory and are paid out of state revenue, the funds for the purpose being voted annually by Parliament. With minor exceptions, the pensions are granted subject to a means test: that is, income levels are laid down which fix the maximum allowable income including pension. If the total income exceeds this amount an applicant will not be awarded a pension. When these totals are being calculated a certain sum is permitted, called ‘free income’, which does not affect the amount of pension that may be granted. (This ‘free income’ might be made up of earnings, or interest from investments, or profits from agriculture, etc.)These different figures vary according to the kinds of pension and to the population group. They are revised from time to time. Changes are announced by the Minister of Finance in his budget speech to Parliament and usually become effective some months later when details have been worked out by the departments dealing with the respective population groups. Because the conditions under which pensions are granted are fairly frequently changed, and improved, an application which was not successful one year may well succeed a year or two later. Therefore any applicant whose circumstances may have changed, or who believes that new rules may help his case, is advised to apply again. , Revised Edition
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1976-03
Systematics and distribution of eels of the Muraenesox group (Anguilliformes, Muraenesocidae): a preliminary report and key
- Castle, P H J (Peter Henry John), Williamson, Gordon R, Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Authors: Castle, P H J (Peter Henry John) , Williamson, Gordon R , Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1975-05
- Subjects: Fishes -- Classification , Muraenesox -- Classification , Muraenesocidae -- Classification
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69746 , vital:29575 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 15 , A study of the eels which have been referred to Muraenesox McClelland clarifies taxonomic confusion in this group and shows it to contain three genera and seven species. M cinereus (Forsskål, 1775) occurs from the Red Sea across the Indian Ocean northwards to Japan . M. bagio (Hamilton, 1822) has a wider distribution from South Africa throughout the Indo-west Pacific north to Japan and south to Sydney. Congresox Gill is revived for C. talabon (Cuvier, 1829) and C. talabonoides (Bleeker, 1853) both of which occur in the central Indo-west Pacific. Cynoponticus Costa is represented by C. savanna (Bancroft, 1831) in the West Atlantic, C. ferox Costa, 1845 in the East Atlantic and Mediterranean and C. coniceps (Jordan and Gilbert, 1881) in the central East Pacific.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1975-05
- Authors: Castle, P H J (Peter Henry John) , Williamson, Gordon R , Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1975-05
- Subjects: Fishes -- Classification , Muraenesox -- Classification , Muraenesocidae -- Classification
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69746 , vital:29575 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 15 , A study of the eels which have been referred to Muraenesox McClelland clarifies taxonomic confusion in this group and shows it to contain three genera and seven species. M cinereus (Forsskål, 1775) occurs from the Red Sea across the Indian Ocean northwards to Japan . M. bagio (Hamilton, 1822) has a wider distribution from South Africa throughout the Indo-west Pacific north to Japan and south to Sydney. Congresox Gill is revived for C. talabon (Cuvier, 1829) and C. talabonoides (Bleeker, 1853) both of which occur in the central Indo-west Pacific. Cynoponticus Costa is represented by C. savanna (Bancroft, 1831) in the West Atlantic, C. ferox Costa, 1845 in the East Atlantic and Mediterranean and C. coniceps (Jordan and Gilbert, 1881) in the central East Pacific.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1975-05
Common and scientific names of the fishes of Southern Africa
- Smith, Margaret Mary, Jackson, P B N (Peter Brian Neville), Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Authors: Smith, Margaret Mary , Jackson, P B N (Peter Brian Neville) , Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1975-04
- Subjects: Fishes -- South Africa -- Nomenclature , Fishes -- South Africa -- Nomenclature (Popular) , Fishes
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69731 , vital:29573 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 14 , This is in essence a checklist of the marine fishes occurring in the estuarine and coastal waters of southern Africa from the Kunene River in the west to Beira in the east. Deep sea fishes occurring below 200 metres or 100 fathoms are not included. The freshwater fishes from the Zambezi southwards will be published in Part 2. The scientific names, their spelling, authors and dates, have been carefully checked and brought into line with the most recent revisions available. However, the tremendous outpouring of scientific papers will make some scientific names obsolete even while this checklist is being printed. Also there will continue to be additions to the fauna and this, the first list to be published, must be regarded as a foundation on which subsequent lists can be based.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1975-04
- Authors: Smith, Margaret Mary , Jackson, P B N (Peter Brian Neville) , Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1975-04
- Subjects: Fishes -- South Africa -- Nomenclature , Fishes -- South Africa -- Nomenclature (Popular) , Fishes
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69731 , vital:29573 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 14 , This is in essence a checklist of the marine fishes occurring in the estuarine and coastal waters of southern Africa from the Kunene River in the west to Beira in the east. Deep sea fishes occurring below 200 metres or 100 fathoms are not included. The freshwater fishes from the Zambezi southwards will be published in Part 2. The scientific names, their spelling, authors and dates, have been carefully checked and brought into line with the most recent revisions available. However, the tremendous outpouring of scientific papers will make some scientific names obsolete even while this checklist is being printed. Also there will continue to be additions to the fauna and this, the first list to be published, must be regarded as a foundation on which subsequent lists can be based.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1975-04
A new Barbus species (Pisces, Cyprinidae) from the Olifants River System, Western Cape Province, South Africa
- Skelton, Paul H (Paul Harvey), Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Authors: Skelton, Paul H (Paul Harvey) , Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1974-08
- Subjects: Barbus erubescens , Freshwater fishes -- South Africa -- Olifants River (Clanwilliam District, Cape of Good Hope)
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69715 , vital:29570 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 13 , A new species of small Barbus is described from the Olifants River System, western Cape Province, South Africa. The new species is restricted to a single tributary complex of the river system and appears closely related to B. calidus. Diagnostic features include pharyngeal teeth formulae, colour pattern, and dorsal and anal fin ray characteristics.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1974-08
- Authors: Skelton, Paul H (Paul Harvey) , Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1974-08
- Subjects: Barbus erubescens , Freshwater fishes -- South Africa -- Olifants River (Clanwilliam District, Cape of Good Hope)
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69715 , vital:29570 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 13 , A new species of small Barbus is described from the Olifants River System, western Cape Province, South Africa. The new species is restricted to a single tributary complex of the river system and appears closely related to B. calidus. Diagnostic features include pharyngeal teeth formulae, colour pattern, and dorsal and anal fin ray characteristics.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1974-08
Rediscovery of certain type specimens of fishes from the collections of the Government Marine Survey made by J.D.F. Gilchrist & the S.S. Pickle
- Winterbottom, Richard, 1944-, Gilchrist, J D F (John Dow Fisher), 1866-1926, Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Authors: Winterbottom, Richard, 1944- , Gilchrist, J D F (John Dow Fisher), 1866-1926 , Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1974-05
- Subjects: Fishes -- Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69684 , vital:29565 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 12 , The discovery in the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology of type material of 14 species of fishes from the collections made by the S.S. ‘Pickle’ (1920-1924) off the South African coast is reported. Brief redescriptions of, and new catalogue numbers for, the specimens are given.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1974-05
- Authors: Winterbottom, Richard, 1944- , Gilchrist, J D F (John Dow Fisher), 1866-1926 , Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1974-05
- Subjects: Fishes -- Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69684 , vital:29565 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 12 , The discovery in the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology of type material of 14 species of fishes from the collections made by the S.S. ‘Pickle’ (1920-1924) off the South African coast is reported. Brief redescriptions of, and new catalogue numbers for, the specimens are given.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1974-05
The fish Elops machnata in South Africa
- Fraser, Thomas H, Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Authors: Fraser, Thomas H , Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1973-08
- Subjects: Elopidae -- South Africa , Elops -- Indian Ocean , Fishes -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69652 , vital:29563 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 11 , Introduction: The status of the species of Elops present in the Indian Ocean along the southern part of Africa has been uncertain in recent times. Two names have been applied - Elops saurus Linnaeus, 1766 and Elops machnata (Forsskål, 1775) by numerous workers up to the present despite three revisions of Elops concluding that only one species, E. machnata, occurs in the western Indian Ocean (Regan, 1909; Bertin, 1944; Whitehead, 1962). These workers also demonstrated that Elops saurus is fotmd only in the western Atlantic Ocean and can be separated 100% of the time from E. machnata by vertebral counts (73-82 in E. saurus and 60-66 in E. machnata). Why, then, have workers persisted in using both names but not exclusively one or the other? There appear to be two reasons: 1. Some workers regard Elops to consist of one world-wide tropical species (in which case E. saurus is the oldest valid name). 2. The inadequate material upon which Regan, Bertin and Whitehead based their conclusions about the species of Elops. The first idea does not appear to be tenable with the evidence presented in the three species revisions and I regard it as erroneous. The second reason is real. We lack the basic information on geographic variation, if any, for the Indian Ocean population. Regan (1909) examined two specimens, Bertin (1944) an unknown number and Whitehead (1962) seven specimens. Whitehead (1965:231) indicates some doubt about the South African population and its status relative to the West African species E. senegalensis Regan, 1909. Furthermore, both Whitehead (1965) and Losse (1968) suggest that E. machnata and E. hawaiensis Regan, 1909 possibly may be subspecies of the same species, but indicate present data to be inadequate. This paper documents meristic and morphometric variation of 39 Elops mostly taken in South African estuaries as a first step toward understanding variation of the southern-most population in the Indian Ocean. South of Durban, South Africa, Elops machnata frequents the coastal waters only during the warmer months and is known to reach Mossel Bay. No species of Elops has been reported along the colder south western coast of southern Africa. The size range examined is large, 30 mm-900 mm SL (or to 6,9 kg), but does not include the maximum recorded size in South Africa of 13,7 kg. Losse's (1968) data for central East Africa are of nearly comparable size range and provide a useful comparison.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1973-08
- Authors: Fraser, Thomas H , Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1973-08
- Subjects: Elopidae -- South Africa , Elops -- Indian Ocean , Fishes -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69652 , vital:29563 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 11 , Introduction: The status of the species of Elops present in the Indian Ocean along the southern part of Africa has been uncertain in recent times. Two names have been applied - Elops saurus Linnaeus, 1766 and Elops machnata (Forsskål, 1775) by numerous workers up to the present despite three revisions of Elops concluding that only one species, E. machnata, occurs in the western Indian Ocean (Regan, 1909; Bertin, 1944; Whitehead, 1962). These workers also demonstrated that Elops saurus is fotmd only in the western Atlantic Ocean and can be separated 100% of the time from E. machnata by vertebral counts (73-82 in E. saurus and 60-66 in E. machnata). Why, then, have workers persisted in using both names but not exclusively one or the other? There appear to be two reasons: 1. Some workers regard Elops to consist of one world-wide tropical species (in which case E. saurus is the oldest valid name). 2. The inadequate material upon which Regan, Bertin and Whitehead based their conclusions about the species of Elops. The first idea does not appear to be tenable with the evidence presented in the three species revisions and I regard it as erroneous. The second reason is real. We lack the basic information on geographic variation, if any, for the Indian Ocean population. Regan (1909) examined two specimens, Bertin (1944) an unknown number and Whitehead (1962) seven specimens. Whitehead (1965:231) indicates some doubt about the South African population and its status relative to the West African species E. senegalensis Regan, 1909. Furthermore, both Whitehead (1965) and Losse (1968) suggest that E. machnata and E. hawaiensis Regan, 1909 possibly may be subspecies of the same species, but indicate present data to be inadequate. This paper documents meristic and morphometric variation of 39 Elops mostly taken in South African estuaries as a first step toward understanding variation of the southern-most population in the Indian Ocean. South of Durban, South Africa, Elops machnata frequents the coastal waters only during the warmer months and is known to reach Mossel Bay. No species of Elops has been reported along the colder south western coast of southern Africa. The size range examined is large, 30 mm-900 mm SL (or to 6,9 kg), but does not include the maximum recorded size in South Africa of 13,7 kg. Losse's (1968) data for central East Africa are of nearly comparable size range and provide a useful comparison.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1973-08
Evolutionary significance of Holapogon, a new genus of cardinal fishes (Apogonidae), with a redescription of its type-species, Apogon maximus
- Fraser, Thomas H, Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Authors: Fraser, Thomas H , Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1973-04
- Subjects: Holapogon , Holapogon maximus , Fishes -- Classification , Fishes -- Indian Ocean
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69640 , vital:29562 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 10 , A new genus is erected for Apogon maximus, a deep water cardinal fish occurring off the coast of southern Arabia in the Indian Ocean. Holapogon is a primitive genus near the ancestor which gave rise to all the living Apogoninae. The type-species, Apogon maximus Boulenger, 1887, is redescribed and aspects of its anatomy are investigated.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1973-04
- Authors: Fraser, Thomas H , Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1973-04
- Subjects: Holapogon , Holapogon maximus , Fishes -- Classification , Fishes -- Indian Ocean
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69640 , vital:29562 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 10 , A new genus is erected for Apogon maximus, a deep water cardinal fish occurring off the coast of southern Arabia in the Indian Ocean. Holapogon is a primitive genus near the ancestor which gave rise to all the living Apogoninae. The type-species, Apogon maximus Boulenger, 1887, is redescribed and aspects of its anatomy are investigated.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1973-04
A new species of the klipfish genus Springeratus (Clinidae) from the Indian Ocean
- Fraser, Thomas H, Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Authors: Fraser, Thomas H , Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1972-11
- Subjects: Klipfish , Springeratus , Fishes -- Classification , Fishes -- Geographical distribution , Fishes -- Indian Ocean
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69630 , vital:29561 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 9 , Klipfishes of the subfamily Clininae are among the dominant intertidal fishes in southern Africa. Except for a few tropical clinine members such as Clinus xanthosoma Bleeker, Clinus ekloniae McKay and Petraites roseus (Gunther), these diverse temperate forms seem to be replaced by members of the Blenniidae in the intertidal zone of the tropical Indo-Pacific. Klipfishes have not been collected often in the tropical IndoPacific, but often enough to indicate a distribution for C. xanthosoma from Japan through the Philippines to Indonesia and Ceylon. In a recent publication Shen (1971 b) has brought our knowledge of C. xanthosoma up to date and described a new genus, Springeratus to house this species. The status of C. halei has been and still remains uncertain since Day described it in 1888. While collecting fishes at Mauritius, an undescribed intertidal clinid was obtained. This population of live-bearing klipfish contributes to our understanding of the zoogeography and possible relationships of Australian and southern African Clininae. Penrith (1969: r 14) hypothesized sea-weed transport of a clinid ancestor from Australia to South Africa. The Mauritian species favours her hypothesis as well as casting some doubt on the validity of Springeratus as a genus different from Clinus (sensu Penrith, 1969).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1972-11
- Authors: Fraser, Thomas H , Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1972-11
- Subjects: Klipfish , Springeratus , Fishes -- Classification , Fishes -- Geographical distribution , Fishes -- Indian Ocean
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69630 , vital:29561 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 9 , Klipfishes of the subfamily Clininae are among the dominant intertidal fishes in southern Africa. Except for a few tropical clinine members such as Clinus xanthosoma Bleeker, Clinus ekloniae McKay and Petraites roseus (Gunther), these diverse temperate forms seem to be replaced by members of the Blenniidae in the intertidal zone of the tropical Indo-Pacific. Klipfishes have not been collected often in the tropical IndoPacific, but often enough to indicate a distribution for C. xanthosoma from Japan through the Philippines to Indonesia and Ceylon. In a recent publication Shen (1971 b) has brought our knowledge of C. xanthosoma up to date and described a new genus, Springeratus to house this species. The status of C. halei has been and still remains uncertain since Day described it in 1888. While collecting fishes at Mauritius, an undescribed intertidal clinid was obtained. This population of live-bearing klipfish contributes to our understanding of the zoogeography and possible relationships of Australian and southern African Clininae. Penrith (1969: r 14) hypothesized sea-weed transport of a clinid ancestor from Australia to South Africa. The Mauritian species favours her hypothesis as well as casting some doubt on the validity of Springeratus as a genus different from Clinus (sensu Penrith, 1969).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1972-11
The deepwater fish Scombrosphyraena oceanica from the Caribbean Sea: with comments on its possible relationships
- Fraser, Thomas H, Fourmanoir, P, Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Authors: Fraser, Thomas H , Fourmanoir, P , Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1971-07
- Subjects: Scombrosphyraena oceanica , Deep-sea fishes -- Caribbean Sea , Fishes -- Classification , Fishes -- Caribbean Sea , Marine fishes
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69619 , vital:29559 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 8 , The fish Scombrosphyraena oceanica is recorded from the Atlantic Ocean for the first time. A redescription is given. This genus is tentatively placed in the Percichthyidae. The family Scombropidae is shown to be an artificial grouping.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1971-07
- Authors: Fraser, Thomas H , Fourmanoir, P , Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1971-07
- Subjects: Scombrosphyraena oceanica , Deep-sea fishes -- Caribbean Sea , Fishes -- Classification , Fishes -- Caribbean Sea , Marine fishes
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69619 , vital:29559 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 8 , The fish Scombrosphyraena oceanica is recorded from the Atlantic Ocean for the first time. A redescription is given. This genus is tentatively placed in the Percichthyidae. The family Scombropidae is shown to be an artificial grouping.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1971-07
Reality: a Journal of Liberal Opinion
- Date: 1969-1972
- Subjects: South Africa -- Politics and government -- Periodicals , Politics, Practical -- Periodicals , Political rights -- Periodicals
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/76071 , vital:30499
- Description: Here the agreement between these two Ministers comes to an abrupt end. For while Dr. Koornhof says categorically that the only honourable way in which to do this, is by developing the resources of the homelands, Mr. Froneman states equally categorically that it is no part of the white man's duty to do so. Dr. Koornhof speaks of the moral and altruistic elements in the policy of separate development. Mr. Froneman speaks in the harshest and most callous terms of millions of "surplus" Africans, who must be sent back to their homelands, no matter what awaits them there. He says that African labourers in "white" areas must not be burdened with "superfluous appendages", such as wives, children, and dependents who could not provide service. These two men are in the same Cabinet. If one has been rebuked, it was done in private. And if it was done, it was no doubt done in a semi-jocular manner — "Fronnie, old boy, we all know what you mean, but you must learn to talk prettily." These two men do not represent two irreconcilable wings of the Nationalist Party, they represent the two essential elements of the policy of separate development. And these two elements are essential to each other. Either by itself would be dangerous. Either by itself would be unacceptable. Neither Mr. Froneman nor Dr. Koornhof has reached the stage when one cannot bear to be in the same Cabinet as the other. Although each of these two elements and each of these prototypes, is essential to the other, they do not co-exist in perfect harmony. The one is a naked baas, the other is a bass clothed in soft raiment. The first thinks the second is a sissy, the second thinks the first is a barbarian. They do not say so publicly, but their newspapers do, and that is not good. In the absence of any official pronouncement we must assume that they have been told that the sissy and the barbarian are essential to one another. The sissy will get the barbarian into nice company, the barbarian will protect the sissy if the nice company turns nasty. Why is it that although the barbarian and the sissy do not co-exist in harmony, they are (in spite of the dreams of rift-seekers) essential, the one to the other? Why do the callousness and the altruism not go to civil war? The answer is that neither of them is a fundamental. They are both imposed on something that is fundamental, and that is the preservation of white supremacy (which can be more gently called self-preservation, a soft word that turns wrath in some circles). Neither the callousness nor the altruism is part of the deep monolithic core. The cracks can show, the paint can peel, the fragments can flake off, but the core remains untouched. In times of ease (such as the present), one sees and hears and reads much of the cracking and the fragmentation. In times of danger (which will come), one is conscious of the monolithic core, which is like an ironwood heart in a softwood tree. If we accept the view that Mr. Froneman and Dr. Koornhof have something deep and fundamental in common, is there therefore nothing to choose between them? Or are Dr. Koornhof and his kind, bearers of hope for the future? For Mr. Froneman and his kind certainly are not. Their dream of the total separation of the races, if one chooses to dignfiy it by the use of such a term, is a dream which must be realised at whatever cost, and the cost will be the bitterness, and inevitably the hatred, of millions of Africans towards the white masters who make such heartless use of their power. It is claimed by our rulers that such bitterness does not exist except in the imaginations of sentimentalists and agitators, and it is true that the patience of Africans appears to be infinite. It takes a train disaster to strip the mask from the smiling face. Are Dr. Koornhof and his kind, bearers of hope for the future? Like Mr. Froneman, Dr. Koornhof believes in the policy of separate development. He does not attempt to conceal that this is to be done in the interests of self- preservation. If the homelands are developed, then more and more Africans will leave "white" South Africa to return to the places from which they were driven by the need for work, money, and food. Although Dr. Koornhof did not say so, it is justifiable to infer that he believes that white South Africa will be more secure if it sheds itself of its Africans, surplus or otherwise. There will be no competition in the labour market, no crime by rootless young black men in the beautiful white suburbs, and most important of all, no night of the long knife. But Dr. Koornhof wants this transformation to be made with justice. There must be work and food and hope in the homelands, and they must be helped to achieve autonomy, political and cultural and economic. It is the economic autonomy that poses the greatest difficulty. Even if it does not mean economic independence, it should mean a healthy economic relationship with "white" South Africa. This is where Mr. Froneman parts company with Dr. Koornhof. And this is where REALITY parts company with Dr. Koornhof too. The recognition that there can he no political and cultural autonomy unless there is at least a healthy relationship with “white” South Africa, is for REALITY a recognition by its political opponents that there are moral considera' tions which transcend those of naed self-preservation. These considerations were blue-printed (inadequately) by Professor Tomlinson in the ninteen- fifties, inexplicably ignored by Dr, Verwoerd (his biographer may one day explain why), and are now, in 1969, alternately honoured and dismissed by a two-tongued Cabinet. In any case REALITY rejects the Tomlinson or any other similar blueprint. The wealth of “white” South Africa was created by all of us jointly, and it belongs to all those who created is. , Journal includes vol. 1 no. 2 to vol. 1 no. 6 ; vol 2 no. 1 to vol. 2 no. 6 and vol. 3 no. 1 to vol. 3 no. 6 , Vol. 2 no. 3 is missing
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1969-1972
- Date: 1969-1972
- Subjects: South Africa -- Politics and government -- Periodicals , Politics, Practical -- Periodicals , Political rights -- Periodicals
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/76071 , vital:30499
- Description: Here the agreement between these two Ministers comes to an abrupt end. For while Dr. Koornhof says categorically that the only honourable way in which to do this, is by developing the resources of the homelands, Mr. Froneman states equally categorically that it is no part of the white man's duty to do so. Dr. Koornhof speaks of the moral and altruistic elements in the policy of separate development. Mr. Froneman speaks in the harshest and most callous terms of millions of "surplus" Africans, who must be sent back to their homelands, no matter what awaits them there. He says that African labourers in "white" areas must not be burdened with "superfluous appendages", such as wives, children, and dependents who could not provide service. These two men are in the same Cabinet. If one has been rebuked, it was done in private. And if it was done, it was no doubt done in a semi-jocular manner — "Fronnie, old boy, we all know what you mean, but you must learn to talk prettily." These two men do not represent two irreconcilable wings of the Nationalist Party, they represent the two essential elements of the policy of separate development. And these two elements are essential to each other. Either by itself would be dangerous. Either by itself would be unacceptable. Neither Mr. Froneman nor Dr. Koornhof has reached the stage when one cannot bear to be in the same Cabinet as the other. Although each of these two elements and each of these prototypes, is essential to the other, they do not co-exist in perfect harmony. The one is a naked baas, the other is a bass clothed in soft raiment. The first thinks the second is a sissy, the second thinks the first is a barbarian. They do not say so publicly, but their newspapers do, and that is not good. In the absence of any official pronouncement we must assume that they have been told that the sissy and the barbarian are essential to one another. The sissy will get the barbarian into nice company, the barbarian will protect the sissy if the nice company turns nasty. Why is it that although the barbarian and the sissy do not co-exist in harmony, they are (in spite of the dreams of rift-seekers) essential, the one to the other? Why do the callousness and the altruism not go to civil war? The answer is that neither of them is a fundamental. They are both imposed on something that is fundamental, and that is the preservation of white supremacy (which can be more gently called self-preservation, a soft word that turns wrath in some circles). Neither the callousness nor the altruism is part of the deep monolithic core. The cracks can show, the paint can peel, the fragments can flake off, but the core remains untouched. In times of ease (such as the present), one sees and hears and reads much of the cracking and the fragmentation. In times of danger (which will come), one is conscious of the monolithic core, which is like an ironwood heart in a softwood tree. If we accept the view that Mr. Froneman and Dr. Koornhof have something deep and fundamental in common, is there therefore nothing to choose between them? Or are Dr. Koornhof and his kind, bearers of hope for the future? For Mr. Froneman and his kind certainly are not. Their dream of the total separation of the races, if one chooses to dignfiy it by the use of such a term, is a dream which must be realised at whatever cost, and the cost will be the bitterness, and inevitably the hatred, of millions of Africans towards the white masters who make such heartless use of their power. It is claimed by our rulers that such bitterness does not exist except in the imaginations of sentimentalists and agitators, and it is true that the patience of Africans appears to be infinite. It takes a train disaster to strip the mask from the smiling face. Are Dr. Koornhof and his kind, bearers of hope for the future? Like Mr. Froneman, Dr. Koornhof believes in the policy of separate development. He does not attempt to conceal that this is to be done in the interests of self- preservation. If the homelands are developed, then more and more Africans will leave "white" South Africa to return to the places from which they were driven by the need for work, money, and food. Although Dr. Koornhof did not say so, it is justifiable to infer that he believes that white South Africa will be more secure if it sheds itself of its Africans, surplus or otherwise. There will be no competition in the labour market, no crime by rootless young black men in the beautiful white suburbs, and most important of all, no night of the long knife. But Dr. Koornhof wants this transformation to be made with justice. There must be work and food and hope in the homelands, and they must be helped to achieve autonomy, political and cultural and economic. It is the economic autonomy that poses the greatest difficulty. Even if it does not mean economic independence, it should mean a healthy economic relationship with "white" South Africa. This is where Mr. Froneman parts company with Dr. Koornhof. And this is where REALITY parts company with Dr. Koornhof too. The recognition that there can he no political and cultural autonomy unless there is at least a healthy relationship with “white” South Africa, is for REALITY a recognition by its political opponents that there are moral considera' tions which transcend those of naed self-preservation. These considerations were blue-printed (inadequately) by Professor Tomlinson in the ninteen- fifties, inexplicably ignored by Dr, Verwoerd (his biographer may one day explain why), and are now, in 1969, alternately honoured and dismissed by a two-tongued Cabinet. In any case REALITY rejects the Tomlinson or any other similar blueprint. The wealth of “white” South Africa was created by all of us jointly, and it belongs to all those who created is. , Journal includes vol. 1 no. 2 to vol. 1 no. 6 ; vol 2 no. 1 to vol. 2 no. 6 and vol. 3 no. 1 to vol. 3 no. 6 , Vol. 2 no. 3 is missing
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1969-1972
An index and bibliography of eel larvae
- Castle, P H J (Peter Henry John), Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Authors: Castle, P H J (Peter Henry John) , Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1969-12
- Subjects: Eels , Fishes -- Larvae , Fishes -- Bibliography , Leptocephalous larvae
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69608 , vital:29558 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 7 , A survey of ichthyological literature from 1758 until the end of 1968 reveals that information on eel larvae (leptocephali) is widely scattered and contained in at least 600 different papers. A synthesis of tlris information, essential for the correlation of larval eels with their adult species, is attempted here as a necessary adjunct to the further development of systematic studies on adults. About 450 forms of eel larvae have been described, of which nearly 100 have been at least tentatively identified; some 200 have been named as species of die genus Leptocephahis Grono- vius, 1763 (now a rejected name in Zoology), or of other larval genera; the remainder have not been named. Systematic and bibliographic information on these cel larvae is presented together with a geographic checklist and a list of myomere numbers in leptocephali. Reports of eel eggs and prelarvae are not included but these may be found in some of the papers listed. The leptocephalous larvae of other groups of fishes are excluded from this index, although references are made to relevant sources of information.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1969-12
- Authors: Castle, P H J (Peter Henry John) , Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1969-12
- Subjects: Eels , Fishes -- Larvae , Fishes -- Bibliography , Leptocephalous larvae
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69608 , vital:29558 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 7 , A survey of ichthyological literature from 1758 until the end of 1968 reveals that information on eel larvae (leptocephali) is widely scattered and contained in at least 600 different papers. A synthesis of tlris information, essential for the correlation of larval eels with their adult species, is attempted here as a necessary adjunct to the further development of systematic studies on adults. About 450 forms of eel larvae have been described, of which nearly 100 have been at least tentatively identified; some 200 have been named as species of die genus Leptocephahis Grono- vius, 1763 (now a rejected name in Zoology), or of other larval genera; the remainder have not been named. Systematic and bibliographic information on these cel larvae is presented together with a geographic checklist and a list of myomere numbers in leptocephali. Reports of eel eggs and prelarvae are not included but these may be found in some of the papers listed. The leptocephalous larvae of other groups of fishes are excluded from this index, although references are made to relevant sources of information.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1969-12
The Eel genera Congrina and Coloconger off Southern Mozambique and their larval forms
- Castle, P H J (Peter Henry John), Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Authors: Castle, P H J (Peter Henry John) , Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1969-05
- Subjects: Bathycongrus -- Mozambique , Bathycongrus -- Larvae , Coloconger , Coloconger -- Larvae , Eels -- Mozambique
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69597 , vital:29555 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 6 , Eight juvenile eels collected off southern Mozambique by the Galathea and identified as Congrina guttulata (Gunther, 1887) each have three well-defined, longitudinal rows of melanophores on the lateral body surface. The Dana collection of leptocephali contains many East African larvae with identical pigmentation. Their added close agreement in number of myomeres, fin-rays etc. allows such larvae to be firmly identified with Congrina Jordan & Hubbs, 1925, and specifically with C. guttulata. Leptocephalus trilineatus Castle, 1964 and L. geminus Castle, 1964, with similar pigmentation from the southwest Pacific, must therefore also belong to Congrina. Ten eels from southern Mozambique (Galathea Expedition and a commercial trawler) are identified with Coloconger scholesi Chan, 1967, otherwise known only from the South China Sea. A metamorphic lepto-cephalus of C. raniceps Alcock, 1889, from off southern India (Galathea) shows remnants of larval pigmentation, and permits the recognition for the first time of the larval characters of Coloconger.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1969-05
- Authors: Castle, P H J (Peter Henry John) , Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1969-05
- Subjects: Bathycongrus -- Mozambique , Bathycongrus -- Larvae , Coloconger , Coloconger -- Larvae , Eels -- Mozambique
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69597 , vital:29555 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 6 , Eight juvenile eels collected off southern Mozambique by the Galathea and identified as Congrina guttulata (Gunther, 1887) each have three well-defined, longitudinal rows of melanophores on the lateral body surface. The Dana collection of leptocephali contains many East African larvae with identical pigmentation. Their added close agreement in number of myomeres, fin-rays etc. allows such larvae to be firmly identified with Congrina Jordan & Hubbs, 1925, and specifically with C. guttulata. Leptocephalus trilineatus Castle, 1964 and L. geminus Castle, 1964, with similar pigmentation from the southwest Pacific, must therefore also belong to Congrina. Ten eels from southern Mozambique (Galathea Expedition and a commercial trawler) are identified with Coloconger scholesi Chan, 1967, otherwise known only from the South China Sea. A metamorphic lepto-cephalus of C. raniceps Alcock, 1889, from off southern India (Galathea) shows remnants of larval pigmentation, and permits the recognition for the first time of the larval characters of Coloconger.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1969-05
Eggs and early larvae of the congrid eel Gnathophis capensis off Southern Africa
- Castle, P H J (Peter Henry John), Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Authors: Castle, P H J (Peter Henry John) , Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1969-03
- Subjects: Eels , Fishes -- Larvae , Gnathophis capensis
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69563 , vital:29549 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 5 , Two hauls made in late January, 1930 off southern Africa by the Danish Dana Expedition contained developing eggs and very young larvae of the congrid eel Gnathophis capensis (Kaup, 1856). Collection of these specimens confirms the suggestion made from previous larval studies that spawning, development, and at least early larval growth of this species occurs in late summer in this area.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1969-03
- Authors: Castle, P H J (Peter Henry John) , Rhodes University. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1969-03
- Subjects: Eels , Fishes -- Larvae , Gnathophis capensis
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69563 , vital:29549 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 5 , Two hauls made in late January, 1930 off southern Africa by the Danish Dana Expedition contained developing eggs and very young larvae of the congrid eel Gnathophis capensis (Kaup, 1856). Collection of these specimens confirms the suggestion made from previous larval studies that spawning, development, and at least early larval growth of this species occurs in late summer in this area.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1969-03
Description and osteology of a new eel of the genus Bathymyrus from off Mozambique
- Castle, P H J (Peter Henry John), Rhodes University. Department of Ichthyology
- Authors: Castle, P H J (Peter Henry John) , Rhodes University. Department of Ichthyology
- Date: 1968-05
- Subjects: Eels , Bathymyrus smithi , Marine fishes -- Mozambique
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69552 , vital:29548 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the Rhodes University, Department of Ichthyology, No. 4 , A commercial haul off the Limpopo River mouth in 260 - 270 fathoms collected 35 eels of the genus Bathymyrus Alcock, 1889, described here as B. smithi sp. nov. This has a shorter head and pectoral and a more posterior dorsal origin relative to the pectoral fin than in B.echinorhynchus Alcock, 1889 from the Bay of Bengal and B.simus Smith, 1965 from the South China Sea. B.smithi is also distinct in having extra-oral rostral teeth present but less conspicuously developed, more numerous vertebrae (150 — 155, compared with about 125 — 130 in the other species) and drab coloration. An osteological study shows that, although it has certain unique features, B.smithi is very closely similar to congrids of the subfamily Anagoinae. There are valid reasons for using the term Bathymyrinae for this group of congrid eels.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1968-05
- Authors: Castle, P H J (Peter Henry John) , Rhodes University. Department of Ichthyology
- Date: 1968-05
- Subjects: Eels , Bathymyrus smithi , Marine fishes -- Mozambique
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69552 , vital:29548 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the Rhodes University, Department of Ichthyology, No. 4 , A commercial haul off the Limpopo River mouth in 260 - 270 fathoms collected 35 eels of the genus Bathymyrus Alcock, 1889, described here as B. smithi sp. nov. This has a shorter head and pectoral and a more posterior dorsal origin relative to the pectoral fin than in B.echinorhynchus Alcock, 1889 from the Bay of Bengal and B.simus Smith, 1965 from the South China Sea. B.smithi is also distinct in having extra-oral rostral teeth present but less conspicuously developed, more numerous vertebrae (150 — 155, compared with about 125 — 130 in the other species) and drab coloration. An osteological study shows that, although it has certain unique features, B.smithi is very closely similar to congrids of the subfamily Anagoinae. There are valid reasons for using the term Bathymyrinae for this group of congrid eels.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1968-05
A contribution to a revision of the moringuid eels
- Castle, P H J (Peter Henry John), Rhodes University. Department of Ichthyology
- Authors: Castle, P H J (Peter Henry John) , Rhodes University. Department of Ichthyology
- Date: 1968-03
- Subjects: Eels , Moringua , Marine fishes -- Africa, Southern
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69541 , vital:29547 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the Rhodes University, Department of Ichthyology, No. 3 , An examination of vertebral numbers in a series of eels of the genus Moringua Gray, 1831 from the western Indian Ocean clearly indicates three species, with about 105—113, 115—125 and 153—160 vertebrae respectively. These counts are matched by proportionately shorter head and greater slenderness of body, which are not correlated with total length in each group. Lateral line pore counts and position of heart confirm the presence of three species. A study of the moringuid literature and of certain type material shows that the names Moringua microchir Bleeker, M.ferruginea Bliss and M.javanica (Kaup) may be applied to these. Aphthalmichthys abbreviatus Bleeker is almost certainly based on immature females of M.microchir and is considered a synonym. A vertebral count on the holotype of M.bicolor Kaup suggests that it may be the male form of M.javanica. Aphthal— michthys macrocephalus Bleeker is probably a synonym of M.macrochir Bleeker and the latter shows close similarities to M.raitaborua Hamilton—Buchanan. Growth in moringuids appears to be most rapid at a point a few segments in advance of the vent.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1968-03
- Authors: Castle, P H J (Peter Henry John) , Rhodes University. Department of Ichthyology
- Date: 1968-03
- Subjects: Eels , Moringua , Marine fishes -- Africa, Southern
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69541 , vital:29547 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the Rhodes University, Department of Ichthyology, No. 3 , An examination of vertebral numbers in a series of eels of the genus Moringua Gray, 1831 from the western Indian Ocean clearly indicates three species, with about 105—113, 115—125 and 153—160 vertebrae respectively. These counts are matched by proportionately shorter head and greater slenderness of body, which are not correlated with total length in each group. Lateral line pore counts and position of heart confirm the presence of three species. A study of the moringuid literature and of certain type material shows that the names Moringua microchir Bleeker, M.ferruginea Bliss and M.javanica (Kaup) may be applied to these. Aphthalmichthys abbreviatus Bleeker is almost certainly based on immature females of M.microchir and is considered a synonym. A vertebral count on the holotype of M.bicolor Kaup suggests that it may be the male form of M.javanica. Aphthal— michthys macrocephalus Bleeker is probably a synonym of M.macrochir Bleeker and the latter shows close similarities to M.raitaborua Hamilton—Buchanan. Growth in moringuids appears to be most rapid at a point a few segments in advance of the vent.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1968-03