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Employment and diversity in the cultural and creative industries in South Africa: research note

- Snowball, Jeanette D

Authors: Snowball, Jeanette D
Date: 2016
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71493 , vital:29858 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC188591
Description: The publication of Richard Florida's (2002) The Rise of the Creative Class marked a growing international interest in the creative economy. There are several ways of understanding the creative economy, often divided into the cultural and creative industries. Cultural industries are those whose major outputs have some symbolic value, such as fine arts, film and craft, jewelry design, publishing and fashion. Creative industries are defined more broadly as those that have knowledge as their major input. In addition to cultural goods and services, these include things like software design and internet services. UNESCO (2009) provides guidelines for defining the cultural and creative industries and the ways in which they can be measured, but there is currently no international consensus. Nor is there likely to be, since different countries will have very different levels of involvement and focus that may shape what information is useful, for example, for shaping policy.
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Date Issued: 2016

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Encouraging pro-environmental behaviour: energy use and recycling at Rhodes University, South Africa

- Mtutu, Paidamoyo, Thondhlana, Gladman

Authors: Mtutu, Paidamoyo , Thondhlana, Gladman
Date: 2016
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67743 , vital:29136 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2015.11.031
Description: Publisher version , The rapid expansion of student numbers, staff and support infrastructures in higher education institutions often result in increased demand for resources such as energy and paper. Promoting pro-environmental behaviour is critical if higher education institutions are to achieve sustainable resource use. Using surveys, reported energy use and recycling behaviour of staff and students in the Faculty of Education at Rhodes University, South Africa was explored. The results showed that self-reported pro-environmental behaviour was mediated by demographic factors and personal values such as ‘liking of aesthetic beauty and biodiversity’, ‘social relations’, ‘a varied life’ and ‘freedom’. Personal values, though key in shaping participants' attitudes toward the environment did not always translate into pro-environmental behaviour. Situational factors beyond the control of participants were cited as barriers to pro-environmental actions. Lessons from this study point to the need to carefully study the assumptions underlying intervention strategies aimed at promoting pro-environmental behaviour and to get rid of barriers to enable pro-environmental actions.
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Date Issued: 2016

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Expanding the host range of small insect RNA viruses: Providence virus (Carmotetraviridae) infects and replicates in a human tissue culture cell line

- Jiwaji, Meesbah, Short, James R, Dorrington, Rosemary A

Authors: Jiwaji, Meesbah , Short, James R , Dorrington, Rosemary A
Date: 2016
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/65979 , vital:28874 , https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.000578
Description: publisher version , Tetraviruses are small, positive (+ve)-sense ssRNA viruses that infect the midgut cells of lepidopteran larvae. Providence virus(PrV) is the only member of the family Carmotetraviridae (previously Tetraviridae). PrV particles exhibit the characteristic tetraviral T=4 icosahedral symmetry, but PrV is distinct from other tetraviruses with respect to genome organization and viral non-structural proteins. Currently, PrV is the only tetravirus known to infect and replicate in lepidopteran cell culture lines. In this report we demonstrate, using immunofluorescence microscopy, that PrV infects and replicates in a human tissue culture cell line (HeLa), producing infectious virus particles. We also provide evidence for PrV replication in vitro in insect, mammalian and plant cell-free systems. This study challenges the long-held view that tetraviruses have a narrow host range confined to one or a few lepidopteran species and highlights the need to consider the potential for apparently non-infectious viruses to be transferred to new hosts in the laboratory.
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Date Issued: 2016

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Exploring the potential impacts of tourism development on social and ecological change in the Solomon Islands

- Diedrich, Amy, Aswani, Shankar

Authors: Diedrich, Amy , Aswani, Shankar
Date: 2016
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67335 , vital:29074 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-016-0781-x
Description: publisher version , Pacific Island communities may be vulnerable to negative impacts of economic development, which is often considered a strategy for reducing vulnerability to environmental change. Studies that evaluate potential impacts of economic development in isolated communities may be inaccurate to only focus on asking people to anticipate impacts of phenomena they have had minimal exposure to. We used an open-ended approach to evaluate how communities in the Solomon Islands perceived change, and used this information to anticipate potential impacts of the government’s plans to develop tourism. Our results showed mostly negative expectations of change, particularly socio-cultural, which was perceived as being driven by diminishing social capital, foreign influence, and economic development. Despite minimal exposure, locals supported tourism and had more positive expectations of change associated with this activity. Our findings emphasize the need for locally appropriate planning to ensure intended positive impacts of tourism and other forms of economic development.
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Date Issued: 2016

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Film production incentives, employment transformation and domestic expenditure in South Africa: visualizing subsidy effectiveness

- Collins, Alan, Ishizaka, Alessio, Snowball, Jeanette D

Authors: Collins, Alan , Ishizaka, Alessio , Snowball, Jeanette D
Date: 2016
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67456 , vital:29094 , https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2016.1255206
Description: Publisher version , In 2004 the South African Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) introduced a Film and Television Production Rebate Programme. In order to qualify for the rebate, certain criteria have to be met including success in job creation and skills development within the industry, alongside a particular focus on the percentage of ‘historically disadvantaged individuals’ employed. This study sets out the issues associated with evaluating success in meeting these various criteria and is, to the best of our knowledge, the first study to apply multi-criteria visualization techniques to inform the evaluation of public subsidy effectiveness. The ‘PROMETHEE’ method is applied and apart from presenting project performance in a visually intuitive manner, the approach helps to clarify patterns of relative success, show where policy objectives are competing, and to identify project exemplars for more efficiently guiding future public support in the sector.
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Date Issued: 2016

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Food waste generation and potential interventions at Rhodes University, South Africa

- Painter, Kathleen, Thondhlana, Gladman, Kua, Harn W

Authors: Painter, Kathleen , Thondhlana, Gladman , Kua, Harn W
Date: 2016
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67733 , vital:29135 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.07.013
Description: Publisher version , Estimation of food waste generation represents the first step when considering efforts to reduce waste generation and monitor food waste reduction against set targets. This study reports on an estimation of food waste generated in university dining halls at Rhodes University, South Africa. Daily food waste generation was estimated at about 555 g per student or 2 tonnes across all sample dining halls, translating to about 450 tonnes per year. The results show that food waste is influenced by an array of contextual factors, including distance to dining hall, gender composition of hall and meal times and meal options. It is estimated that the university could save up to US$ 80 000 annually for every 10% reduction in the current rate of food waste generation. Possible educational, technical and administrative interventions for food waste reduction are discussed.
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Date Issued: 2016

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Heat shock protein inhibitors: success stories

- McAlpine, Shelli R, Edkins, Adrienne L

Authors: McAlpine, Shelli R , Edkins, Adrienne L
Date: 2016
Language: English
Type: text , book
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/66359 , vital:28940 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32607-8
Description: publisher version , Introduction: Medicinal chemistry is both science and art. The science of medicinal chemistry offers mankind one of its best hopes for improving the quality of life. The art of medicinal chemistry continues to challenge its practitioners with the need for both intuition and experience to discover new drugs. Hence sharing the experience of drug research is uniquely beneficial to the field of medicinal chemistry. Drug research requires interdisciplinary team-work at the interface between chemistry, biology and medicine. Therefore, the topic-related series Topics in Medicinal Chemistry covers all relevant aspects of drug research, e.g. pathobiochemistry of diseases, identification and validation of (emerging) drug targets, structural biology, drugability of targets, drug design approaches, chemogenomics, synthetic chemistry including combinatorial methods, bioorganic chemistry, natural compounds, high-throughput screening, pharmacological in vitro and in vivo investigations, drug-receptor interactions on the molecular level, structure-activity relationships, drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, toxicology and pharmacogenomics. In general, special volumes are edited by well known guest editors. , This work is based on the research supported by the South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation of South Africa (Grant No 98566), the Cancer Association of South Africa (CANSA), Medical Research Council South Africa (MRC-SA) and Rhodes University. The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to the DST, NRF, CANSA, MRC-SA or Rhodes University. We apologize if we have inadvertently missed any important contributions to the field.
Full Text: false
Date Issued: 2016

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Hsp40 Co-chaperones as drug targets: towards the development of specific inhibitors

- Pesce, Eva-Rachele, Blatch, Gregory L, Edkins, Adrienne L

Authors: Pesce, Eva-Rachele , Blatch, Gregory L , Edkins, Adrienne L
Date: 2016
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/66335 , vital:28937 , https://doi.org/10.1007/7355_2015_92
Description: publisher version , The heat shock protein 40 (Hsp40/DNAJ) family of co-chaperones modulates the activity of the major molecular chaperone heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) protein group. Hsp40 stimulates the basal ATPase activity of Hsp70 and hence regulates the affinity of Hsp70 for substrate proteins. The number of Hsp40 genes in most organisms is substantially greater than the number of Hsp70 genes. Therefore, different Hsp40 family members may regulate different activities of the same Hsp70. This fact, along with increasing knowledge of the function of Hsp40 in diseases, has led to certain Hsp40 isoforms being considered promising drug targets. Here we review the role of Hsp40 in human disease and recent developments towards the creation of Hsp40-specific inhibitors.
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Date Issued: 2016

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Hsp90 co-chaperones as drug targets in cancer: current perspectives

- Edkins, Adrienne L

Authors: Edkins, Adrienne L
Date: 2016
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/66347 , vital:28938 , https://doi.org/10.1007/7355_2015_99
Description: publisher version , Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone that regulates the function of numerous oncogenic transcription factors and signalling intermediates in the cell. Inhibition of Hsp90 is sufficient to induce the proteosomal degradation of many of these proteins, and as such, the Hsp90 chaperone has been regarded as a promising drug target. The appropriate functioning of the Hsp90 chaperone is dependent on its ATPase activity and interactions with a cohort of non-substrate accessory proteins known as co-chaperones. Co-chaperones associate with Hsp90 at all stages of the chaperone cycle and regulate a range of Hsp90 functions, including ATP hydrolysis and client protein binding and release. Given the ability of co-chaperones to organise the function of the Hsp90 molecular machine, these proteins are now regarded as potential drug targets. Herein the role of selected Hsp90 co-chaperones Hop, Cdc37, p23 and Aha1 as possible drug targets is discussed with a focus on cancer. , This work is based on the research supported by the South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation of South Africa (Grant No 98566), the Cancer Association of South Africa (CANSA), Medical Research Council South Africa (MRC-SA) and Rhodes University. The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to the DST, NRF, CANSA, MRC-SA or Rhodes University. We apologize if we have inadvertently missed any important contributions to the field.
Full Text: false
Date Issued: 2016

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Indolyl-3-ethanone-α-thioethers: a promising new class of non-toxic antimalarial agents

- Svogie, Archibald L, Isaacs, Michelle, Hoppe, Heinrich C, Khanye, Setshaba D, Veale, Clinton G L

Authors: Svogie, Archibald L , Isaacs, Michelle , Hoppe, Heinrich C , Khanye, Setshaba D , Veale, Clinton G L
Date: 2016
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/66233 , vital:28920 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.02.056
Description: publisher version , The success of chemotherapeutics in easing the burden of malaria is under continuous threat from ever-evolving parasite resistance, including resistance to artemisinin combination therapies. Therefore, the discovery of new classes of antimalarials which inhibit new biological targets is imperative to controlling malaria. Accordingly, we report here the discovery of indolyl-3-ethanone-α-thioethers, a new class of antimalarial compounds with encouraging activity. Synthesis of a focused library of compounds revealed important insight into the SAR of this class of compounds, including critical information regarding the position and chemical nature of substituents on both the thiophenol and indole rings. This investigation ultimately led to the discovery of two hit compounds (16 and 27) which exhibited nano molar in vitro antimalarial activity coupled to no observable toxicity against a HeLa cell line.
Full Text: false
Date Issued: 2016

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Influence of argon-implantation on conventional and phototransferred thermoluminescence of synthetic quartz

- Nsengiyumva, S, Chithambo, Makaiko L, Pichon, L

Authors: Nsengiyumva, S , Chithambo, Makaiko L , Pichon, L
Date: 2016
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124732 , vital:35656 , DOI: 10.1080/10420150.2016.1194412
Description: Conventional and phototransferred thermoluminescence of crystalline synthetic quartz implanted with 70 keV Ar ions at fluences in the range 1 × 1014–5 × 1015 ions/cm2 is reported. The glow curves, recorded at 5°C/s from beta-irradiated samples of similar mass, show a prominent peak between 100°C and 120°C. The thermoluminescence intensity of all implanted samples was greater than that of the unimplanted one. The increase in sensitivity is attributed to a corresponding increase in the concentration of point defects, as a result of the implantation, which act as electron traps or recombination centres. Kinetic analysis carried out using the peak shape, whole glow-peak and curve-fitting methods produced values of the activation energy, frequency factor and order of kinetics that are generally independent of implantation fluence. This result suggests that implantation did not necessarily affect the nature of the electron traps. With respect to phototransferred thermoluminescence, it was observed that it only appeared in the sample implanted at the highest fluence of 5 × 1015 ions/cm2. This may be so because the concentration of deep traps produced as a result of implantation at low fluence is too low to give rise to phototransferred thermoluminescence. The intensity of the phototransferred thermoluminescence goes through a peak with illumination time. We attribute this behaviour to the relative concentration of holes at recombination centres and phototransferred electrons at shallow traps.
Full Text: false
Date Issued: 2016

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Influences on the struggle over content: considering two fine art studio practice curricula in developing/ed contexts

- Belluigi, Dina Z

Authors: Belluigi, Dina Z
Date: 2016
Language: English
Type: article , text
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59809 , vital:27653 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2016.1183617
Description: This paper considers the influences of curricula content on the nuances of teaching and learning practices, and the ways in such influences are complicated by the contexts within which they are situated. Generated data from within the particularity of two fine art schools, one operating from the developed world in the global ‘north’ and another the developing world in the ‘south’, considers how they have negotiated the contemporary push from the professional community of practice, led by ‘western’ artmaking, towards the discourse-interest of contextualism in fine art practice education, compared to the focus on skills and mastery of more out-dated formalism. Particular emphasis is placed on the significance of such influences and pressures on the structures and cultures of teaching and learning.
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Date Issued: 2016

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