The effectiveness of medium-fidelity simulation on the clinical readiness of student midwives
- Authors: Ntlokonkulu, Zukiswa Brenda
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Obstetrics Midwifery Emergency medical services , Simulated patients
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4503 , vital:28345
- Description: Simulation affords the student a safe and supportive environment in which to practise skills repeatedly without causing any harm to a real patient. The Department of Nursing Sciences at the University of Fort Hare has a laboratory that offers lowto medium-fidelity simulation in the form of task trainers and mannequins. These task trainers and mannequins are used in general nursing, and in community and midwifery nursing sciences, for the demonstration of skills, the practising of skills by students and for formative assessments. In midwifery, task trainers are used for vaginal examinations, abdominal palpation breech and vaginal deliveries and the management of post-partum haemorrhage (PPH). Given that in a real-life clinical environment limited opportunities exist for students to practise during an obstetrical emergency, medium-fidelity simulation (MFS) in midwifery ideally positions the student in a practical environment without risking the patient’s safety. Despite the availability of MFS at UFH, its benefit on the clinical readiness of student midwives is not known. The present study was designed to assess the effectiveness of MFS in enhancing the clinical readiness of student midwives at the University of Fort Hare. The main research objective of the study was to explore, describe and analyse the effect of medium-fidelity simulation on student midwives’ confidence, critical thinking ability, communication, satisfaction and team work in an obstetrical clinical emergency environment. This was a qualitative, interpretive, phenomenological analysis designed to explore the student midwives’ lived experiences regarding the effectiveness of mediumfidelity simulation and the effect of these experiences on clinical readiness. The target population was fourth-year Bachelor of nursing student midwives at the University of Fort Hare. Purposive sampling was used to select five student midwives who were team leaders during the management of PPH using MFS. Ethical approval was granted by the University of Fort Hare Ethics Committee. Informed consent was obtained from the participants prior to data collection. Trustworthiness was ensured by observing the principles of transferability, credibility, confirmability and dependability. Data was collected through individual face-to-face interviews and a semi-structured interview guide. All fourth-year student midwives had viewed an on-line video entitled Essential Steps in Management of Obstetrical Emergency(ESMOE) Postpartum Haemorrhage, in which the procedure was demonstrated. The video, sent via Backboard, was presented in such a way that student midwives had the opportunity to watch it repeatedly in order to thoroughly comprehend the demonstrated skill. A semi-structured interview guide was used for data collection. Interviews were conducted in the simulation laboratory. A Samsung smartphone was used to record interviews and a notepad was used to make notes of gestures, such as smiles or other facial expressions. Data was analysed using thematic content analysis applicable to interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) studies using the six steps: reading and re-reading; initial noting taking; developing emergent themes; searching for connections across the emergent themes; moving to the next case and lastly, looking for patterns across cases. The major findings indicated that the participants had differing views regarding the concept of clinical readiness; some held that clinical readiness meant being ready or prepared to handle any eventuality in the course of work, others opined that it was a state of being conversant with the policies and procedures in the clinical ward. Participants believed that clinical readiness was parallel to being competent and that midwives should always be ready to anticipate complications that might arise with the patient, endeavouring to analyse and interpret such conditions clinically. Participants expressed the need to see the simulation skill demonstrated repeatedly for thorough understanding of the technique, so that they could work independently in an obstetrical emergency situation. During simulation, participants were confident in delegating duties to team members, affirming that in order to ensure that tasks were carried out, team leaders should receive regular updates from team members.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The experience of adolescense girls regarding verbal bullying in secondary school
- Authors: Jacobs, Ruwayda
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Teenage girls -- Mental health -- South Africa , Bullying in schools -- South Africa , Psychiatric nursing -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: vital:10045 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/449 , Teenage girls -- Mental health -- South Africa , Bullying in schools -- South Africa , Psychiatric nursing -- South Africa
- Description: The experience of verbal bullying at school may cause a female adolescent much distress. This distress can result in the adolescent experiencing life as traumatic and may influence her sense of well being negatively. Verbal bullying usually takes the form of name-calling, put-downs and insults. This can be very traumatic for adolescents and can lower their self-esteem, which may eventually lead to mental illness. The parents of adolescent learners often have the misconception that bullying is a normal part of a teenager’s life and are unaware of the distress it may cause the adolescent. The victimized adolescent should, therefore, be provided with support in order to avert the occurrence of mental illness. The goals of this study were to: • Explore and describe the experiences of adolescent girls regarding verbal bullying in secondary school settings. • Develop guidelines to assist mental health nursing specialists in helping adolescent girls to cope with bullying in secondary schools. The researcher used a qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual design with a phenomenological approach. The research population consisted of female learners in a secondary school setting. Purposive sampling was used in this study to identify participants. Data was collected by means of naïve sketches, one-to-one-interviews and field notes based on observations. Data was analyzed using Tesch’s method (in Creswell, 1994:190) of descriptive analysis. The identified themes were compared to available literature. The data collected from this study was used to develop guidelines to aid mental health nursing specialists to help adolescents to cope with verbal bullying.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
The experiences and perceptions of midwives at Provincial Hospitals in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality regarding exclusive breastfeeding by HIV positive first-time mothers
- Authors: Moobi, Emily Keadimilwe
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Breastfeeding -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Midwives -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Attitudes , HIV infections -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Prevention
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: vital:10016 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/427 , Breastfeeding -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Midwives -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Attitudes , HIV infections -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Prevention
- Description: The Department of Health in South Africa, as in many countries, has developed a policy guideline and recommendations for feeding of infants of HIV positive mothers. This is aimed at providing midwives with detailed and sound information about HIV and infant feeding practices based on current understanding of HIV and exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of the infant’s life. The policy states that breastfeeding is a significant and preventable mode of HIV transmission to infants and there is an urgent need to educate, counsel and support women and families, so that they can make decisions about how best to feed infants in the context of HIV (http://www.doh.gov.za/aids/doc/feeding/html.2005-03-07). Speaking to midwives from the Provincial Hospitals in the Nelson Mandela Metropole, the researcher became aware of the midwives’ often-expressed unhappiness about the new policy from the Department of Health on exclusive breastfeeding. Midwives complained about the dilemma with which they are faced regarding infant feeding practices. They could not understand the advocacy of exclusive breastfeeding, when breastfeeding is recognised as one of the modes of Mother-to-Child Transmission (MTCT) of HIV. The aim of the study was to help, support and encourage midwives to implement the policy of exclusive breastfeeding. The objectives of the study were to: • Explore and describe the experiences and perceptions of midwives related to promoting exclusive breastfeeding in HIV positive first-time mothers. • Make recommendations to the Department of Health regarding the support and help that can be given to midwives to encourage their implementation of the exclusive breastfeeding policy. The researcher made use of a qualitative, phenomenological, descriptive, explorative and contextual design. Permission for conducting the research was iv obtained from relevant authorities, and participants were asked to sign a consent form before the researcher proceeded with the study. Collection of data was done by means of unstructured interviews using an audiotape recorder. Once data was saturated, the interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed, using the steps described by Tesch’s (1990 in Creswell, 1994: 153) method of descriptive analysis. Field notes were also taken to record non-verbal communication during the interviews. In order to ensure trustworthiness of the study, the ethical principles of Guba’s model (in Krefting, 1991:215), namely truth-value, applicability, consistency and neutrality were used. The services of an independent coder were utilised and a consensus meeting was held between the researcher and the independent coder in order to discuss the identified themes. Prior to the consensus meeting, the independent coder was provided with interview transcripts and a protocol to guide the data analysis. Following the data analysis, a literature control was undertaken to highlight the similarities and differences found in the data analysis. Three themes with sub-themes were identified. The participants expressed positive views on the policy of exclusive breastfeeding in HIV positive first-time mothers. They were satisfied with the policy and viewed the policy of exclusive breastfeeding as an effective contribution to feeding options of babies born of HIV positive first-time mothers. However, the participants identified several factors hindering the effective implementation of the policy of exclusive breastfeeding in HIV positive first-time mothers. Factors identified were staffshortages, lack of cooperation among staff members regarding promotion of exclusive breastfeeding, lack of information regarding the CD4 count of patients on admission in the ward, cultural beliefs, lack of training among staff members and inadequate counseling facilities to ensure privacy and confidentiality for mothers. Participants also experienced a variety of emotions related to exclusive breastfeeding such as happiness, confidence, helplessness, frustration, worry and concern, stress and exhaustion. Based on the findings of the study, guidelines were developed and recommendations made concerning nursing practice, nursing education and nursing research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
The experiences of caregivers in formal institutions caring for terminal AIDS patients
- Authors: Williams, Margaret
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: AIDS (Disease) -- Nursing -- Psychological aspects , HIV-positive persons -- Care -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: vital:10033 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/644 , AIDS (Disease) -- Nursing -- Psychological aspects , HIV-positive persons -- Care -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: One of the greatest challenges facing sub-Saharan Africa, which incorporates South Africa, is the AIDS pandemic. The devastation wrought by this disease is unsurpassed in recent times. The health and social development structures, already overburdened, are totally overwhelmed by the needs of povertystricken households and communities affected by AIDS. Caregivers attempting to support those affected and infected are also facing unique challenges and demands, particularly relating to dealing with the large numbers of deaths due to this disease. Experiences for these caregivers are likely to be varied, ranging on a continuum from positive to negative, for instance, the recovery of patients versus the death of patients. The objectives of this study are to explore and describe the lived experiences of caregivers working with AIDS patients, particularly patients who die from this disease whilst resident in a formal institution. The research is based on a qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual research design. The study is grounded in a phenomenological approach to inquiry. Caregivers working fulltime in a formal institution caring for patients who are dying from AIDS were interviewed in an in-depth, unstructured manner in order to gather spontaneous, rich descriptions of their experiences. Through this study the researcher wants their voices to be heard, the potential richness of their reflections acknowledged and the generated data to be applied to the benefit of the field of HIV/AIDS – both for staff and patients. Thirteen in-depth, unstructured interviews provided saturated data, which was then transcribed and coded to yield the central and sub-themes that were identified in this study. One central theme identified the fact that in their daily duties (at their place of work), caregivers experience various challenges as a result of having to deal with the death and dying of their patients suffering from AIDS. These caregivers face the death of their patients daily, from a disease that causes untold suffering to the patient, family members and to the caregivers themselves, who wish they could prevent the anguish, the pain and the inability of the medical profession to do more than they are at present towards curing this disease. ii By describing the lived experiences of these caregivers by means of the research interviews, the researcher gained a clear picture of the AIDS environment. The information shared by the participants formed the foundation of the broad guidelines that were formulated. These are intended to provide support for the caregivers centering around the equipping of mentors of the caregivers, to enable them to support the caregivers in their daily task of caring for patients dying from AIDS. These caregivers, thus supported, will then be in a position to provide optimal care for these dying patients. These broad guidelines are intended to provide support by focusing firstly on the physical environment in which these caregivers work; secondly in providing education for the caregivers to enable them to fulfill their duties, and thirdly to provide adequate counselling to ensure that they do not succumb to caregiver fatigue/burnout, a constant threat in this type of environment. The study concludes with recommendations regarding the areas of nursing practice, education and research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
The experiences of patients who absconded from psychiatric hospitals in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Steyn, Laetitia
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Psychiatric patients -- Absconding
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/44736 , vital:38149
- Description: When patients abscond from the hospital, it is a taxing experience for everybody involved. The risk of harm to the patient is high. A small risk to the community also exits. This research aimed to explore and describe the experiences of psychiatric patients absconding from psychiatric institutions in the Eastern Cape. Data was collected making use of semi-structured interviews conducted with psychiatric patients that absconded. Data collected were analysed using Tech’s method of data analysis. The experiences and reasons for absconding identified were grouped into three main themes, namely biological factors, psychological factors and social factors. Fourteen sub-themes were identified. The fourteen sub-themes identified were correlated with Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. The participants expressed a number of unmet needs as motivation for their behaviour and the reason for absconding. A description of the profile of a psychiatric patient prone to absconding in the Eastern Cape was developed according to the demographic detail of the participants in this research. The research limitations are discussed. Recommendations were made from the findings to reduce absconding events in psychiatric institutions. Possible education and clinical practice recommendations were made, as well as recommendations provided for future related research. To ensure the quality of the study, the researcher made use of Guba’s four criteria to ensure trustworthiness. The researcher took special care to adhere to high ethical standards and protect the participants from exploitation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
The experiences of patients who absconded from psychiatric hospitals in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Steyn, Laetitia
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Psychotherapy patients -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Psychiatric hospital care Psychiatric nursing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45150 , vital:38258
- Description: When patients abscond from the hospital, it is a taxing experience for everybody involved. The risk of harm to the patient is high. A small risk to the community also exits. This research aimed to explore and describe the experiences of psychiatric patients absconding from psychiatric institutions in the Eastern Cape. Data was collected making use of semi-structured interviews conducted with psychiatric patients that absconded. Data collected were analysed using Tech’s method of data analysis. The experiences and reasons for absconding identified were grouped into three main themes, namely biological factors, psychological factors and social factors. Fourteen sub-themes were identified. The fourteen sub-themes identified were correlated with Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. The participants expressed a number of unmet needs as motivation for their behaviour and the reason for absconding. A description of the profile of a psychiatric patient prone to absconding in the Eastern Cape was developed according to the demographic detail of the participants in this research. The research limitations are discussed. Recommendations were made from the findings to reduce absconding events in psychiatric institutions. Possible education and clinical practice recommendations were made, as well as recommendations provided for future related research. To ensure the quality of the study, the researcher made use of Guba’s four criteria to ensure trustworthiness. The researcher took special care to adhere to high ethical standards and protect the participants from exploitation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
The experiences of people living with HIV-AIDS with regard to the comprehensive antiretroviral therapy management received from registered nurses at selected public primary heathcare clinics in Nelson Mandela Bay
- Authors: Jackson, Dawne Shirley
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Antiretroviral agents -- South Africa , Stigma (Social psychology) , Nurses -- South Africa -- Attitudes , HIV-positive persons -- Counseling of -- South Africa , AIDS (Disease) -- Treatment -- South Africa , HIV infections -- Treatment -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: vital:10032 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1253 , Antiretroviral agents -- South Africa , Stigma (Social psychology) , Nurses -- South Africa -- Attitudes , HIV-positive persons -- Counseling of -- South Africa , AIDS (Disease) -- Treatment -- South Africa , HIV infections -- Treatment -- South Africa
- Description: Currently South Africa has the highest number of persons living with HIV-AIDS (PLWAs) in the world. Focus-group discussions conducted by Moon (2005:3) in the Eastern Cape indicated that people may not want to get tested for HIV or to access antiretroviral therapy (ART) for fear of disclosure of their HIV-positive status and of stigmatization. These findings prompted the researcher to conduct a study in this field. The objectives of this study are to explore and describe the experiences of PLWAs with regard to the comprehensive ART management received from registered nurses at selected public primary healthcare clinics in Nelson Mandela Bay; and to develop guidelines for registered nurses that could facilitate them in rendering appropriate comprehensive ART management. The research study is based on a qualitative, explorative, descriptive, phenomenological and contextual research design. The research population comprised of HIV-positive patients who received treatment at the selected public primary healthcare clinics. Criterion-based, purposive sampling was used to select participants for the interviews. Ten in-depth unstructured interviews were conducted. Data was then transcribed and coded. One central theme identified the fact that PLWAs experienced both positive and negative experiences at the clinics. The main findings of this research included evidence of various forms of stigma experienced by the PLWAs; distrust of the lay health counselors; but also that PLWAs were generally well-treated and satisfied with the service they had received. Broad guidelines for registered nurses was formulated that could facilitate them in rendering appropriate comprehensive ART management. The study concludes with recommendations made with regards to the areas of nursing practice, education and research. Throughout the study the researcher abided by the ethical considerations. The aspects of trustworthiness implemented in this study, included dependability, credibility, transferability and confirmability (Holloway & Wheeler, 2002:354).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
The experiences of pregnant teenagers as related to ante-natal care
- Authors: Pienaar, Nadine
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Pregnant teenagers -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municpality , Prenatal diagnosis
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: vital:10028 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1321 , Pregnant teenagers -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municpality , Prenatal diagnosis
- Description: The experiences of pregnant teenagers as related to ante-natal care were researched. The primary objective of the study was to explore and describe the experiences pregnant teenagers had of their ante-natal care. The researcher recommended measures based on the findings of the study to midwives to encourage ante-natal care clinic attendance amongst pregnant teenagers. The recommendations were such that even nurses at Primary Health Care clinics could utilise them as they also come into contact with pregnant teenagers. An increasing number of pregnant teenagers in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality area are admitted to referral hospitals with complications during pregnancy and labour. Some of these teenagers are un-booked or had only a few ante-natal clinic visits. The researcher therefore wanted to obtain first hand information related to the reluctance of pregnant teenagers to attend ante-natal care clinics. Attendance at ante-natal care clinics plays an important part in enabling the staff to screen pregnant mothers for health problems and so limit complications. Hence the concern and need to develop measures to motivate pregnant teenagers to attend ante-natal clinics.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2011
The experiences of registered nurses' of their work environment in a critical care unit
- Authors: Adams, Bernardene Lucreshia
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Intensive care nursing -- South Africa , Intensive care units , Nurses -- Job stress -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: vital:10013 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1057 , Intensive care nursing -- South Africa , Intensive care units , Nurses -- Job stress -- South Africa
- Description: Critical care nursing is a vital and significant part of health care provision to critically ill patients. It is a specialty area of nursing that requires registered nurses who are highly motivated, knowledgeable and skilled to provide optimal care to critically ill patients. These patients are nursed in a complex environment consisting of specialised equipment (such as ventilators, defibrillators, intravenous pumps, and cardiac monitors) that is not found in any other field of nursing. Collegial support and an adequate registered nurse: patient ratio is vital in critical care units in order to provide optimal quality care to critically ill patients. However, an understaffed work environment, the demands of critical care nursing and other work-related problems, such as conflict with physicians, inadequate remuneration packages and an increased workload can cause serious distress and dissatisfaction amongst registered nurses in this specific environment (Carayon & Gürses, 2005:287). The objectives of this study therefore are to explore and describe the experiences of registered nurses of their work environment in a critical care unit and to make recommendations that will assist registered nurses working in a critical care unit. A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual research design will be utilised. Data will be collected by means of semi-structured interviews and analysed according to the framework provided by Tesch (in Cresswell, 2003:192). Purposive sampling will be used to select a sample of registered nurses working in a critical care environment. Guba’s model (in Krefting, 1991) will be utilised to verify data and to ensure trustworthiness of the study. Ethical considerations will be adhered to throughout the study. Once data has been analysed, recommendations will be made that will assist registered nurses working in a critical care unit.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
The extent of discharge planning by nurses for patients who have undergone valvular surgery
- Authors: Verwey, Oriana
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Heart -- Surgery -- Nursing -- South Africa , Heart valves -- Surgery -- South Africa , Heart valves -- Surgery , Heart -- Surgery -- Patients -- Rehabilitation -- South Africa , Hospitals -- Admission and discharge -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: vital:10015 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/445 , Heart -- Surgery -- Nursing -- South Africa , Heart valves -- Surgery -- South Africa , Heart valves -- Surgery , Heart -- Surgery -- Patients -- Rehabilitation -- South Africa , Hospitals -- Admission and discharge -- South Africa
- Description: Valvular disorders can be corrected by means of surgery, after which very comprehensive discharge planning should be implemented to prevent the occurrence of post-operative complications. Advances in medical technology and intellect instigate earlier discharge for patients after they have undergone valvular surgery. The aim of this research study is to establish the extent of discharge planning by nurses for patients who have undergone valvular surgery, so that practice guidelines in the form of an in-service educational framework can be compiled for nurses in the management of these patients post-operatively. Patients, many of whom are from rural areas, are discharged without an adequate referral system. There are, currently, no set guidelines or referral persons to direct these patients during their rehabilitation period. Based on the researcher’s personal observations, it is evident that many patients suffer from bacterial endocarditis or clotted valves due to poor post-surgery management. However, both of these conditions could be avoided if proper health education was given to these patients. The study will take the form of a quantitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual survey. Data will be collected by means of a structured questionnaire that will be completed by the nurses working in the cardiac general ward and the cardiac clinic. Findings of the research study will be used to assist the researcher in developing an in-service educational framework for staff that are both nursing and preparing post valvular surgery patients for discharge. The goal is to prevent complications such as clot formation and endocarditis and to enable patients to deal effectively with their rehabilitation period.
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- Date Issued: 2006
The health status of construction workers
- Authors: Deacon, Claire Helen
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Construction industry -- Employees -- Diseases -- South Africa , Construction workers -- Health and hygiene -- South Africa , Construction workers -- Health risk assessment -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: vital:11025 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/326 , Construction industry -- Employees -- Diseases -- South Africa , Construction workers -- Health and hygiene -- South Africa , Construction workers -- Health risk assessment -- South Africa
- Description: The construction industry is considered to be an extremely dangerous working environment, and therefore the health status of construction workers needs to be considered prior, during and on leaving the industry. Occupational hazards relative to the construction worker are well researched internationally; however few countries undertake routine medical surveillance to identify the health status of the construction worker relative to these hazards. Employers have a higher duty of care to identify workers who could be a risk at work from non-occupationally related conditions such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Work could exacerbate these conditions, leading to absenteeism, poor performance and eventually leaving the industry due to ill health. The dissertation explores, inter alia: the risks to which workers are exposed; the legal aspects; relevant literature regarding medical surveillance, and the use of a medical surveillance instrument used to determine the health status of 142 construction workers who consented to participate in the study. The methodological approach used in this study was a quantitative descriptive design, more specifically, using a randomised cross-sectional survey design. The instrument used to determine health status included a full medical, occupational and social history, as well as a physical examination undertaken by Occupational Health Nursing Practitioners (OHNs). Findings indicate that most construction workers believe they are healthy. However only a small percentage of construction workers did not require referral for further investigation and / or treatment.
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The knowledge and attitudes of registered nurses in public hospitals related to the prevention of HIV and AIDS transmission
- Authors: Mo, Yabin
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Nurses -- South Africa -- Attitudes , AIDS (Disease) -- Nursing -- South Africa , HIV infections -- Nursing -- South Africa , Nurse and patient -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: vital:10018 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/571 , Nurses -- South Africa -- Attitudes , AIDS (Disease) -- Nursing -- South Africa , HIV infections -- Nursing -- South Africa , Nurse and patient -- South Africa
- Description: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) have brought about a global epidemic far more extensive than was predicted even a decade ago (van Rensburg, 2002:1). South Africa has one of the highest HIV prevalence rates in the world (South African Department of Health, 2000: 5), it still increase yearly. Before a vaccine and/or effective treatment become available, effective education and information campaigns are necessary for preventing the spreading of HIV and AIDS (WHO (the World Health Organization), 1988:21). According to WHO and ICN (International Council of Nurses) (1988:12), Nurses can play a pivotal role in the education of patients, their families and friends with regard to the prevention of HIV and AIDS transmission, so as to control the spread of this disease. In South Africa, more than 60 percent of the healthcare human resources comprise professional nursing practitioners (Muller, 2002: 95). Therefore, the education and training of nurses is one of the effective methods to preventing further spread of HIV and AIDS infection in South Africa. Accordingly, nurses need to reduce both personal and occupational risk of becoming infected with HIV themselves, as well as provide education to patients and their families. Before effective and efficient in-service education guidelines on the prevention of HIV and AIDS transmission can be developed, any knowledge deficit and negative attitudes of registered nurses regarding the prevention of HIV and AIDS transmission should be identified. Thus, it is important to survey the knowledge and attitudes of nurses in healthcare institutions related to the prevention of HIV and AIDS transmission. The main goal of the study was to explore and describe the knowledge and attitudes of registered nurses in public hospitals related to the prevention of HIV and AIDS transmission. The secondary objective was to develop in-service education guidelines for registered nurses in public hospitals to optimise both personal and occupational prevention measures relating to HIV and AIDS transmission. The research was conducted using a quantitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual design. The purposive sampling method was used to select the participants and a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. This data was analysed by inferential statistics and descriptive statistics and areas of deficits concerning knowledge and negative attitudes were identified. In this study there were deficits concerning the knowledge and negative attitudes regarding the prevention of HIV and AIDS transmission to a greater or lesser degree in all the subgroups of the questionnaire. In general, the registered nurses with the attendance of HIV and AIDS training program, experience in caring for HIV and AIDS patients made the level of certain knowledge related to the prevention of HIV and AIDS transmission different; Working experience as a registered nurses and the attendance of HIV and AIDS training programmes did not make attitudes towards the prevention of HIV and AIDS transmission significantly different. The registered nurses with experience of caring for HIV and AIDS patients had more positive attitudes than those without the experience. This information was used to compile in-service education guidelines for registered nurses concerning the prevention of HIV and AIDS transmission. The in-service education guidelines will be given to clinical facilitators at public hospitals. It is envisaged that this will guide them as to what to include in their in-service education programmes concerning the prevention of HIV and AIDS transmission for registered nurses.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
The lived experiences of professional nurses with regards to end-of-life issues in the Intensive Care Unit
- Authors: Clifford, Ilzé
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Intensive care units , Death
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: vital:10055 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018572
- Description: Professional nurses working in an intensive care unit (ICU) are faced with the death of critically ill patients frequently. Modern day medicine and technology have made it possible for advanced life-sustaining measures to be implemented on patients who, without medical intervention, would otherwise not have survived. The question is raised: is modern technology preserving life and prolonging the dying process, or is it in the best interest of the patient for treatment to be withdrawn? Nurses, caring for these patients and their families, are practicing at the bedside of these dying patients and are thus often faced with end-of-life issues, particularly withdrawal of treatment. The primary functions of critical care nurses are toward their patients. Physicians are responsible for making decisions regarding withdrawal of treatment. However, the nurses in the ICU are responsible for implementing the decisions made; sometimes contradicting what they believe in. The experience of end-of-life issues, namely withdrawal of treatment, is a cause of distress for the professional nurse. Little research has been done on how the ICU nurses deal with end-of-life issues and what support structures are required to assist nurses in dealing with end-of-life issues (Hov, Hedelin & Athlin, 2006:204) The objectives of the study were to explore and describe the professional nurses‟ lived experiences of end-of-life issues in the intensive care unit. The study aimed to make recommendations regarding support strategies to assist professional nurses in dealing with end-of-life issues in the intensive care unit. The researcher has selected a qualitative research approach with an explorative, descriptive and contextual design in order to conduct the study. Data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews. Data was analysed using the steps as illustrated by Tesch‟s method. Ethical principles were maintained throughout the research study. The findings of this study are to be presented in a journal publication.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
The perceptions of nurse educators regarding the use of high-fidelity simulation in nursing education at a South African private nursing college
- Authors: Janse van Vuuren, S V
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Nursing -- Study and teaching -- Simulation methods Simulated patients
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/1752 , vital:27555
- Description: Although Nurse Educators are aware of the advantages of simulation-based training, some still feel uncomfortable to use technology or lack the motivation to learn how to use the technology. The aging population of nurse educators cause frustration and anxiety. They struggle with how to include these tools, particularly in the light of faculty shortages. Nursing education programmes are increasingly adopting simulation in both undergraduate and graduate curricula. Scoping literature reviews show that nursing practice has changed in recent years, placing demands on nurse educators to utilise different approaches in education. The fact that nurse educators are an aging population needs to be taken into consideration and acknowledge that many of them did not grow up with computers and lag behind in technological skills. The aim of this study was to investigate the perceptions of nurse educators regarding the use of high-fidelity simulation in nursing education at a South African Private Nursing College in order to be able to determine why High-fidelity Simulators (HFS) have not yet been embraced by nurse educators and students. A national survey of nurse educators and clinical training specialists was completed with 128 participants; but only 79 completed the survey. In addition to background information, participants were questioned about their use of simulators. They were asked to complete the Technology Readiness Index. Information was also obtained regarding their perceptions of the use of HFS. Findings included indications that everyone is at the same level as far as technology readiness is concerned; this, however, does not play a large role in the use of HFS. This finding supports the educators’ need for training to adequately prepare them to use simulation equipment. Recommendations for further study include research to determine what other factors play a role in the use of HFS, studies to determine whether the benefits of HFS are superior to other teaching strategies warranting the time and financial commitment. The results of this study can be used as guidelines for other institutions to prepare their teaching staff for the use of HFS.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
The perceptions of professional nurses with regard to the process of withdrawing life-support treatment in a private intensive care unit
- Authors: Pheiffer, Evette
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Artificial respiration , Cardiotonic agents , Life support systems (Critical care)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3115 , vital:20400
- Description: Life-support treatment is regarded as the support of vital functions of respiration and circulation such as mechanical ventilation and inotropic support, and life-sustaining therapy which incorporate therapies such as artificial hydration, nutrition and haemodialysis. Life-support treatment is rendered to critically ill patients within the intensive care units. However, when treatment options are maximised, and the patient’s condition is unchanged, a decision is often made to withdraw treatment. Professional nurses are usually involved in the process of withdrawal of life-support treatment as they care for this population of patients. The study followed a qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual research paradigm in order to explore and describe the perceptions of professional nurses with regard to the process of withdrawing life-support treatment in a private intensive care unit. Data was collected by means of interviews, which were transcribed according to Tesch’s method of analysis. Field notes were used to supplement the data findings. Based on the data collected, it is clear that professional nurses experience difficulties when performing withdrawal of life-support treatment. There are a number of communication concerns which need to be addressed and suggestions were also made by the interview participants regarding these concerns. The study makes recommendations to assist professional nurses with the process of withdrawing life-support treatment in a private intensive care unit. The findings of the study will be disseminated to the relevant hospital and unit managers. Ethical principles were maintained throughout the study by adhering to the principles of privacy, confidentiality, anonymity and beneficence.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
The relationship between clinical learning environmental factors and clinical competence of newly qualified registered nurses in public hospitals
- Authors: Mugerwa, Pumla Princess
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Clinical competence -- Hospitals -- South Africa Medical care -- South Africa -- Quality control , Nursing students -- South Africa Nursing -- Study and teaching -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19266 , vital:28812
- Description: There is increasing concern that newly qualified registered nurses (RNs) find it difficult to make a smooth transition from completing their four-year nursing training to taking up their posts as first time RNs. In a constantly changing healthcare system, these newly qualified RNs are expected to work independently and be competent in applying the decision making and problem-solving skills gained during their training. While certain aspects of clinical incompetence may be ascribed to individual factors, the importance of the clinical learning environment and its influence on the development of clinical competence cannot be ignored. Nurses need support and guidance to effect a successful transition from being novice to competent nurse and the environment is regarded as important in developing technical competencies. The research study followed a positivistic, quantitative paradigm, where the hypothesized relationship between clinical learning environmental factors and clinical competence of newly qualified RNs were explored. Data was collected from the experienced RNs in the hospitals by means of a structured pre-existing questionnaire, namely the Competency Inventory for Registered Nurses (CIRN). Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyse data. The analysed data was used to describe the findings. Recommendations were made based on the findings. Results suggested that the development of clinical competence is dependent on both the individual and context. Positive relations were reported between clinical learning environmental factors and clinical competencies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The relationship between organisational contextual factors and clinical practice guideline implementation in private critical care units
- Authors: Flippies, Emirenthia Emogin Elouise , Venter, D J L
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Medicine -- Practice -- Standards -- South Africa Medical care -- Standards , Intensive care units
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12583 , vital:27096
- Description: Clinical practice guidelines are one way of ensuring that healthcare is based on the evidence-based practices. In a dynamic unit, like the critical care unit, where sound decision-making and critical thinking are required in the care of critically ill patients, the implementation of such guidelines for care is of utmost importance. Guideline implementation is however not so simplistic, and various studies have proven that there are various barriers linked to guideline implementation. However, most the barriers have proven to be related to individual factors. Therefore, a greater focus has been placed on organisational contextual factors that might have an influence on clinical practice guideline implementation. The research study followed a positivistic, quantitative paradigm, where the hypothesised relationship between the organisational contextual factors and clinical practice guideline implementation were investigated. A structured pre-existing questionnaire, namely the Alberta Context Tool, was used to collect data from 65 registered nurses in private critical care units. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. The findings revealed that although the organisational contextual factors were prevalent in the private critical care units sampled, some factors like leadership and culture scored higher than the other factors. Positive relations were reported between the organisational contextual factors and clinical practice guideline implementation. The results imply that the alternative hypothesis H1 is supported, and thus proved that there are significant relationships between organisational contextual factors and clinical practice guideline implementation in private critical care units in the East London area.Recommendations were made on how to enhance organisational contextual factors in the implementation of clinical practice guidelines. Ethical principles were maintained throughout the study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
The relationship between organisational culture, transformational leadership and organisational change outcomes in public intensive care units
- Authors: Befile, Nomawethu
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Critical care medicine -- Leadership Organizational behavior , Organizational change Leadership
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14576 , vital:27794
- Description: Organisational change in any organisation, including the healthcare industry, implies a change in organisational culture. The concept of organisational culture refers to those values and norms within an organisation that are prescribed by both the employer and the employees as to how to behave. However, organisational culture should not be viewed in isolation, as culture and leadership are intertwined. Transformational leadership within an organisational culture serves to achieve its goal, missions and aims by influencing, motivating and creating a mutual relationship between employees and employers, which brings about effective organisational change. The alignment of organisational culture and leadership with a hospital’s vision is important to ensure optimal healthcare delivery and organisational change outcomes. A positivistic research paradigm, with a quantitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual approach, was used to conduct the research study. The research study explored whether a supportive organisational culture, transformational leadership and organisational change outcomes were prevalent in public intensive care units. Secondly, the study aimed to investigate the relationship between organisational culture, transformational leadership and organisational change outcomes in public intensive care units in the Nelson Mandela Bay. Data was collected by means of a structured and previously validated questionnaire with a Cronbach’s alpha of more than 0.80. The target population was registered nurses who work in the intensive care units in the public hospitals. The sample was composed of 56 registered nurses and 4 enrolled nurses who were selected from public hospital intensive care units in Nelson Mandela Bay. Descriptive statistics, linear regression analysis, correlation and a Chi-square test were used to describe the hypothesised relationship between organisational culture and transformational leadership (independent) with organisational change outcomes (dependent variable). The results of this study revealed that the alternative hypothesis was accepted as the P value, was less than 0.05 in all variables. This proved that there was a significant relationship between organisational culture, transformational leadership and organisational change outcomes in the public intensive care units which were sampled. Recommendations are made as to how organisational culture can enhance and support transformational leadership and organisational change outcomes to promote a positive change outcome in public intensive care units. Ethical considerations were maintained throughout the research study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The role of assessments in enhancing midwifery programme outcomes at a public nursing education institution in the Eastern Cape Province
- Authors: Njikija, Vuyelwa Francina
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Maternity nursing -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Midwifery -- Study and teaching Community health nursing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/11597 , vital:26941
- Description: The substandard care noted and reported on in midwifery practice at level one midwifery care institutions in South Africa raises a concern about the effectiveness of the assessment strategies used at nursing institutions in enhancing midwifery programme outcomes. The concern is mainly directed particularly at the performance of the newly qualified professional nurses as they are the ones that practise at level one institutions, had just gone through training and been found to be competent practitioners. The success of any training programme and specifically midwifery practice as in the content of this study is dependent on the effectiveness of the assessment techniques or strategies used; hence assessment is considered integral to monitoring the quality of the midwifery care programme. The current study used a quantitative research design to explore and describe the role of assessments in enhancing midwifery programme outcomes at a public nursing education institution in the Eastern Cape Province. Recommendations to enhance the role of assessments for the benefit of midwifery programme outcomes at a public nursing education institution that were made were guided by the findings of the study. Participants were non-randomly selected and were personally provided with a self-developed questionnaire to complete. 134 participants returned fully completed questionnaires while approximately 25% of the selected sample did not return theirs. Data was captured on an excel spread sheet and analysed using Cronbach’s alpha programme under the guidance of the statistician and supervisor. Findings of the study were that: • the participants perceived the role of assessments as positively enhancing the midwifery programme outcomes, • though they also agreed and strongly agreed that there were major factors that prevented enhancement of midwifery programme outcomes. Ethical considerations were autonomy, beneficence, justice and non-maleficence. The validity and reliability of the data- collection instrument was ensured. Furthermore, recommendations were made for nursing education, clinical practice and future research. The study was conducted during the period of July 2014 to January 2016.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
The role of midwives with regard to the clinical supervision of midwifery students
- Authors: Maya, Sindiswa
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Midwifery -- Study and teaching -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Midwives -- Training of -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Nursing -- Study and teaching -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45421 , vital:38615
- Description: This study investigated how registered midwives view their role with regard to the clinical supervision of midwifery students. The information obtained from this study assisted with recommending assistance to nurse educators to enhance the support of midwives in the clinical supervision of midwifery students.The proposed study followed a qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual design and the research populations were midwives working in the maternity units. Non-probability purposive sampling was applied to secure a useful sample and correct data to be collected. Semi-structured one-on-one audio-captured interviews were the method of data collection, observational and personal field notes were used to enhance collected data. The researcher was the data collector. Twenty- two participants, inclusive of two participants for the pilot study were interviewed. Data were analyzed using Tesch’s method of analysis for qualitative data and an independent coder was sought to assist with the coding process. Two predominant themes emerged from the interviews with the participants. The researcher noted that although the midwives agreed that their clinical supervisory role was of importance and necessity almost all the midwives agreed that there were some identified issues that hindered the effectiveness of their role.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017