Coordination polymers for denitrogenation of fuel oils
- Authors: Dembaremba, Tendai O
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53630 , vital:45682
- Description: In this thesis, we present adsorptive removal of nitrogen-containing compounds from fuel oil as an alternative to complement conventional hydrotreatment to obtain ultra-low sulfur and nitrogen levels. This is in cognizance of the challenges nitrogen-containing compounds pose to the hydrotreatment process, particularly their inhibition and/or poisoning of the catalysts used in the process, of which basic nitrogen-containing compounds are the major culprits. Selectivity is the biggest challenge for adsorptive removal of nitrogen-containing compounds. We explore reticular synthesis of metal organic frameworks and the use of coordinatively unsaturated metal sites in 1-dimensional coordination polymers to achieve good selectivity for nitrogen-containing compounds. In the first part of the thesis, reticular synthesis of metal organic frameworks to control the size of the cavity, and strategically use the linkers and metal centres was envisaged. In this work we explored variation of the metal centres in the secondary building units (SBUs of the MOFs as the first step to the testing and implementation of the design strategies. Carbazole, representing carbazoles which the major compounds that remain in hydrotreated fuel, was the target compound. Four MOFs of zinc (Zn-CDC-bpe), copper (Cu-CDC-bpe), nickel (Ni-CDC-bpe) and cobalt (Co-CDC-bpe) based on the formation of a dinuclear metal paddlewheel SBUs with the ligand 9H-Carbazole-3,6-dicarboxylic acid (H2CDC) and occupation of the axial positions of the paddlewheel by 1,2-Bis(4-pyridyl)ethane (bpe) to form porous networks were synthesized. A fifth MOF containing only CDC which forms a [Zn4O(O2C-R)5(O2HC-R)] SBU was also synthesized (Zn-CDC). The ligand H2CDC was inspired by the possibility of improving selectivity for carbazole via π–π interactions through the more preferred parallel-offset stacking as well as the possibility for further substitution of the carbazole N-H to add groups that improve selectivity. The sizes of the MOF cavities can then be controlled by choosing different lengths of ligands analogous to 1,2-Bis(4-pyridyl)ethane (bpe), e.g. 4,4’-bipyridine and pyrazine. All the MOFs showed good selectivity of carbazole. The Zn-CDC MOF also had good selectivity for the basic nitrogen-containing compounds tested: quinoline, isoquinoline, quinaldine and 1-naphthylamine. Its uptake of carbazole was also slightly higher. This was attributed to the presence of an unsaturated Zn site in the SBU. Adsorption in all the MOFs was primarily due to physisorption. It was concluded that the role of the metal centre does not play a significant role in the adsorption of carbazole besides providing a template for reticular synthesis. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-12
- Authors: Dembaremba, Tendai O
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53630 , vital:45682
- Description: In this thesis, we present adsorptive removal of nitrogen-containing compounds from fuel oil as an alternative to complement conventional hydrotreatment to obtain ultra-low sulfur and nitrogen levels. This is in cognizance of the challenges nitrogen-containing compounds pose to the hydrotreatment process, particularly their inhibition and/or poisoning of the catalysts used in the process, of which basic nitrogen-containing compounds are the major culprits. Selectivity is the biggest challenge for adsorptive removal of nitrogen-containing compounds. We explore reticular synthesis of metal organic frameworks and the use of coordinatively unsaturated metal sites in 1-dimensional coordination polymers to achieve good selectivity for nitrogen-containing compounds. In the first part of the thesis, reticular synthesis of metal organic frameworks to control the size of the cavity, and strategically use the linkers and metal centres was envisaged. In this work we explored variation of the metal centres in the secondary building units (SBUs of the MOFs as the first step to the testing and implementation of the design strategies. Carbazole, representing carbazoles which the major compounds that remain in hydrotreated fuel, was the target compound. Four MOFs of zinc (Zn-CDC-bpe), copper (Cu-CDC-bpe), nickel (Ni-CDC-bpe) and cobalt (Co-CDC-bpe) based on the formation of a dinuclear metal paddlewheel SBUs with the ligand 9H-Carbazole-3,6-dicarboxylic acid (H2CDC) and occupation of the axial positions of the paddlewheel by 1,2-Bis(4-pyridyl)ethane (bpe) to form porous networks were synthesized. A fifth MOF containing only CDC which forms a [Zn4O(O2C-R)5(O2HC-R)] SBU was also synthesized (Zn-CDC). The ligand H2CDC was inspired by the possibility of improving selectivity for carbazole via π–π interactions through the more preferred parallel-offset stacking as well as the possibility for further substitution of the carbazole N-H to add groups that improve selectivity. The sizes of the MOF cavities can then be controlled by choosing different lengths of ligands analogous to 1,2-Bis(4-pyridyl)ethane (bpe), e.g. 4,4’-bipyridine and pyrazine. All the MOFs showed good selectivity of carbazole. The Zn-CDC MOF also had good selectivity for the basic nitrogen-containing compounds tested: quinoline, isoquinoline, quinaldine and 1-naphthylamine. Its uptake of carbazole was also slightly higher. This was attributed to the presence of an unsaturated Zn site in the SBU. Adsorption in all the MOFs was primarily due to physisorption. It was concluded that the role of the metal centre does not play a significant role in the adsorption of carbazole besides providing a template for reticular synthesis. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-12
Ocean structures and dynamics of two open bays on the eastern Agulhas Bank
- Authors: Dlomo, Xolisa
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53607 , vital:45680
- Description: Upwelling, bay-scale currents, fronts and mixing in Algoa Bay and St Francis Bay occur over both short and long time periods. These physical ocean dynamics drive the temporal and spatial distribution of nutrients in the bays, there by influencing primary and secondary production. Thermal gradients and fronts are driven by the wind and open ocean influences, such as the Agulhas Current, daily and seasonal variations in solar radiation, long and short period waves, air-sea fluxes, coastal trapped waves and terrestrial freshwater inflow. These phenomena are poorly understood along this part of the coastline and were the focus of this study. I investigated the dominant temperature scales of variability in both bays, to determine which isotherm is best suited to describe temperature fluctuations and thermocline spatiotemporal variability in and between the two bays. I investigated upwelling spatiotemporal variability in the two bays and tested whether upwelling occurs at the opposite sides of the bays with a change in wind direction. Thereafter studied the occurrence and drivers of winter upwelling events. The wind-driven current spatiotemporal variability and correlations were investigated at the extremities of the two bays. The daily, intra-seasonal and yearly variation in temperature structures in Algoa Bay and St. Francis Bay were mainly driven by the local winds, coastal topography, and bathymetry. The most suitable isotherm to describe thermal fluctuations and variability in Algoa Bay shallower sites was 16.5 °C and its mean depth was 16.2 m. The best isotherm for the deeper sites in Algoa Bay was 15.7 °C with a depth of 33.1 m. The average temperature and depth of the best isotherm to describe thermal fluctuations in St. Francis Bay for the shallower sites was15.80 °C and 16.83 m, and for the deeper sites it was 15.10 °C and 32.08 m. Algoa Bay showed an average cooling trend of -0.000172 °C per year, whereas in St. Francis Bay a warming average trend of 0.0188 °C per year was observed over the study period often and six years, respectively. The wind, Coriolis Effect and Ekman Transport were the main external forces that influenced upwelling throughout the year. Since the available mesoscale indices for upwelling intensity lack the resolution needed to characterize and compare inner-shelf upwelling regimes at small spatial scales, I developed a new local, quantitative index of thermal variability. Index calculations were based on hourly records of in site depth-averaged temperatures, measured at 6 sites in St. Francis Bay and at 8 sites in Algoa Bay. Using the Multivariate Upwelling Zone Index of Cooling (MUZIC) I found that Woody Cape and Blue Horizon Bay had the highest upwelling intensity in Algoa Bay and St. Francis Bay, respectively. The other sites were ordinated and ranked according to their upwelling rates and intensity. Evidence of wind-driven winter upwelling was found to be a common occurrence in both bays. There was no obvious current seasonality observed, however, strong spectral signals in the period of a weather band (4 –7 days) were present. Current structures were generally positively correlated with wind variations in both bays. Thus, when westerly/easterly winds blew the overall surface current direction was eastward/westward. I observed a pronounced current spatiotemporal variability that was driven by local winds. The Bird Island surface currents in Algoa Bay were strongly correlated at 0–lag day with the winds, however, in Cape Recife the strongest correlations were usually observed at 1–lag day highlighting the spatiotemporal influence of wind regimes on current structures in Algoa Bay. Bird Island current speeds were higher and had an obvious bimodal directional variation (south westward /north eastward) compared to Cape Recife currents, which generally had a slower current speed with a strong west-north westward direction. In St. Francis Bay, the Schoenmakerskop surface currents showed weak positive correlation with winds at 0–lag day, however, stronger negative correlations were observed at 4–lag days. The current surface speeds in Schoenmakerskop were the lowest and varied directionally between north-north eastward and south-south eastward. The basic data requirements (i.e. SST/ UTR and ADCP time series) and the simplicity of the calculations make these indices a useful tool to apply to a large number of sites nationally and internationally, and to examine the generality of community and population-level responses to physical forcing. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Journalsim and Media Studies, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
- Authors: Dlomo, Xolisa
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53607 , vital:45680
- Description: Upwelling, bay-scale currents, fronts and mixing in Algoa Bay and St Francis Bay occur over both short and long time periods. These physical ocean dynamics drive the temporal and spatial distribution of nutrients in the bays, there by influencing primary and secondary production. Thermal gradients and fronts are driven by the wind and open ocean influences, such as the Agulhas Current, daily and seasonal variations in solar radiation, long and short period waves, air-sea fluxes, coastal trapped waves and terrestrial freshwater inflow. These phenomena are poorly understood along this part of the coastline and were the focus of this study. I investigated the dominant temperature scales of variability in both bays, to determine which isotherm is best suited to describe temperature fluctuations and thermocline spatiotemporal variability in and between the two bays. I investigated upwelling spatiotemporal variability in the two bays and tested whether upwelling occurs at the opposite sides of the bays with a change in wind direction. Thereafter studied the occurrence and drivers of winter upwelling events. The wind-driven current spatiotemporal variability and correlations were investigated at the extremities of the two bays. The daily, intra-seasonal and yearly variation in temperature structures in Algoa Bay and St. Francis Bay were mainly driven by the local winds, coastal topography, and bathymetry. The most suitable isotherm to describe thermal fluctuations and variability in Algoa Bay shallower sites was 16.5 °C and its mean depth was 16.2 m. The best isotherm for the deeper sites in Algoa Bay was 15.7 °C with a depth of 33.1 m. The average temperature and depth of the best isotherm to describe thermal fluctuations in St. Francis Bay for the shallower sites was15.80 °C and 16.83 m, and for the deeper sites it was 15.10 °C and 32.08 m. Algoa Bay showed an average cooling trend of -0.000172 °C per year, whereas in St. Francis Bay a warming average trend of 0.0188 °C per year was observed over the study period often and six years, respectively. The wind, Coriolis Effect and Ekman Transport were the main external forces that influenced upwelling throughout the year. Since the available mesoscale indices for upwelling intensity lack the resolution needed to characterize and compare inner-shelf upwelling regimes at small spatial scales, I developed a new local, quantitative index of thermal variability. Index calculations were based on hourly records of in site depth-averaged temperatures, measured at 6 sites in St. Francis Bay and at 8 sites in Algoa Bay. Using the Multivariate Upwelling Zone Index of Cooling (MUZIC) I found that Woody Cape and Blue Horizon Bay had the highest upwelling intensity in Algoa Bay and St. Francis Bay, respectively. The other sites were ordinated and ranked according to their upwelling rates and intensity. Evidence of wind-driven winter upwelling was found to be a common occurrence in both bays. There was no obvious current seasonality observed, however, strong spectral signals in the period of a weather band (4 –7 days) were present. Current structures were generally positively correlated with wind variations in both bays. Thus, when westerly/easterly winds blew the overall surface current direction was eastward/westward. I observed a pronounced current spatiotemporal variability that was driven by local winds. The Bird Island surface currents in Algoa Bay were strongly correlated at 0–lag day with the winds, however, in Cape Recife the strongest correlations were usually observed at 1–lag day highlighting the spatiotemporal influence of wind regimes on current structures in Algoa Bay. Bird Island current speeds were higher and had an obvious bimodal directional variation (south westward /north eastward) compared to Cape Recife currents, which generally had a slower current speed with a strong west-north westward direction. In St. Francis Bay, the Schoenmakerskop surface currents showed weak positive correlation with winds at 0–lag day, however, stronger negative correlations were observed at 4–lag days. The current surface speeds in Schoenmakerskop were the lowest and varied directionally between north-north eastward and south-south eastward. The basic data requirements (i.e. SST/ UTR and ADCP time series) and the simplicity of the calculations make these indices a useful tool to apply to a large number of sites nationally and internationally, and to examine the generality of community and population-level responses to physical forcing. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Journalsim and Media Studies, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
Microstructural characterization of Swift Heavy Ion (SHI) induced rotation in single crystal NiO
- Authors: Douglas-Henry, Danielle
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53648 , vital:45685
- Description: Swift Heavy Ions (SHI) are characterised by having energies greater than 1 MeV per nucleon with an atomic mass greater than 6 amu. Exposure to irradiation of this type has been known to produce latent tracks in insulators. This is due to the energy loss through the material being governed by electronic excitation processes. The extent of the track formation and microstructural changes induced has been reported to be material specific. Models such as the thermal spike model have been used to explain these changes, however rough approximations are still made. A particularly under studied phenomena is the collective rotation seen in materials exposed to off-normal incidence irradiation. To date the only available experimental data is X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) spectra and surface shifts. This does not allow for depth-dependent rotation studies and very little can be deduced regarding the microstructure of the modified volume. In this study, the microstructural changes in single crystal Nickel Oxide (NiO) have been studied using electron microscopy techniques. A depth dependent investigation of the crystal rotation was performed using Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED), Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction (TKD) and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD). Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) were utilized to interrogate the microstructural changes facilitating the bulk rotation. Five different NiO specimens were investigated. Specimens had surfaces parallel to either the {0 0 1} or {1 1 1} planes. Ion energies used were 593 MeV, 940 MeV and 1.6 GeV, while fluences ranged from 1.0 x 1011 ions/cm² to 9.6 x 1014 ions/cm². Latent track formation in both low fluence (nonoverlapping regime) and high fluence (overlapping regime) specimens were investigated and compared. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, School of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-12
- Authors: Douglas-Henry, Danielle
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53648 , vital:45685
- Description: Swift Heavy Ions (SHI) are characterised by having energies greater than 1 MeV per nucleon with an atomic mass greater than 6 amu. Exposure to irradiation of this type has been known to produce latent tracks in insulators. This is due to the energy loss through the material being governed by electronic excitation processes. The extent of the track formation and microstructural changes induced has been reported to be material specific. Models such as the thermal spike model have been used to explain these changes, however rough approximations are still made. A particularly under studied phenomena is the collective rotation seen in materials exposed to off-normal incidence irradiation. To date the only available experimental data is X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) spectra and surface shifts. This does not allow for depth-dependent rotation studies and very little can be deduced regarding the microstructure of the modified volume. In this study, the microstructural changes in single crystal Nickel Oxide (NiO) have been studied using electron microscopy techniques. A depth dependent investigation of the crystal rotation was performed using Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED), Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction (TKD) and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD). Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) were utilized to interrogate the microstructural changes facilitating the bulk rotation. Five different NiO specimens were investigated. Specimens had surfaces parallel to either the {0 0 1} or {1 1 1} planes. Ion energies used were 593 MeV, 940 MeV and 1.6 GeV, while fluences ranged from 1.0 x 1011 ions/cm² to 9.6 x 1014 ions/cm². Latent track formation in both low fluence (nonoverlapping regime) and high fluence (overlapping regime) specimens were investigated and compared. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, School of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-12
The effect of silicon on palladium migration in pyrolytic carbon and graphite
- Authors: Downey, Justin Michael
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53665 , vital:45684
- Description: The pebble-bed reactor (PBR) is a graphite-moderated, gas-cooled high temperature nuclear reactor design and it is one of six nuclear reactor concepts included in the Generation IV initiative. Pebble-bed reactors use spherical fuel elements (called pebbles) which consist of pyrolytic graphite (which acts as the moderator) and contain thousands of micro-fuel particles called tristructural isotropic (TRISO) particles. These TRISO fuel particles consist of a fissile material (such as U235 in oxide or carbide form) surrounded by a carbon buffer layer, a pyrolytic carbon (PyC) layer, a silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic layer for structural integrity and metallic fission product containment, and an outer PyC layer. The PBR is claimed to be a passively safe design. The commercial development of the first pebble bed reactor was that of the German AVR reactor (German: Arbeitsgemeinschaft Versuchsreaktor) developed during the 1960s. The AVR design was later updated and marketed by a company called HTR. In 1999 the South African electricity company ESKOM obtained the right to access the HTR engineering database that included details of the Siemens/Interatom HTR-Module design. ESKOM worked with HTR on a new design and dubbed it the pebble bed modular reactor (PBMR). The PBMR Co. Ltd. was formed in 1999 and mandated to license and build PBMR reactors. One of the safety considerations which emerged from research is that of metal fission product release from the TRISO fuel particles. Ag110m is a radioactive metallic fission product found to have been released from intact TRISO particles. The release of this Ag isotope is of particular concern because it is highly gamma active and has a half-life of approximately 250 days, resulting in unsafe environments for maintenance workers of PBRs. During the past four decades, many different mechanisms for Ag transport in SiC and release from TRISO particles have been proposed. A promising more recent mechanism suggests that the metallic fission product palladium (Pd) plays a significant role in the transport and release of Ag from intact TRISO particles. In this mechanism Ag transport in irradiated TRISO particle fuel takes place in the presence of the fission product Pd. The Pd reacts with the SiC layer and penetrates the SiC layer along grain boundaries to form a silicide layer which provides a rapid diffusion path for Ag in the SiC. The presence of thin silicide layers in irradiated TRISO particles was subsequently confirmed. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, School of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-12
- Authors: Downey, Justin Michael
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53665 , vital:45684
- Description: The pebble-bed reactor (PBR) is a graphite-moderated, gas-cooled high temperature nuclear reactor design and it is one of six nuclear reactor concepts included in the Generation IV initiative. Pebble-bed reactors use spherical fuel elements (called pebbles) which consist of pyrolytic graphite (which acts as the moderator) and contain thousands of micro-fuel particles called tristructural isotropic (TRISO) particles. These TRISO fuel particles consist of a fissile material (such as U235 in oxide or carbide form) surrounded by a carbon buffer layer, a pyrolytic carbon (PyC) layer, a silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic layer for structural integrity and metallic fission product containment, and an outer PyC layer. The PBR is claimed to be a passively safe design. The commercial development of the first pebble bed reactor was that of the German AVR reactor (German: Arbeitsgemeinschaft Versuchsreaktor) developed during the 1960s. The AVR design was later updated and marketed by a company called HTR. In 1999 the South African electricity company ESKOM obtained the right to access the HTR engineering database that included details of the Siemens/Interatom HTR-Module design. ESKOM worked with HTR on a new design and dubbed it the pebble bed modular reactor (PBMR). The PBMR Co. Ltd. was formed in 1999 and mandated to license and build PBMR reactors. One of the safety considerations which emerged from research is that of metal fission product release from the TRISO fuel particles. Ag110m is a radioactive metallic fission product found to have been released from intact TRISO particles. The release of this Ag isotope is of particular concern because it is highly gamma active and has a half-life of approximately 250 days, resulting in unsafe environments for maintenance workers of PBRs. During the past four decades, many different mechanisms for Ag transport in SiC and release from TRISO particles have been proposed. A promising more recent mechanism suggests that the metallic fission product palladium (Pd) plays a significant role in the transport and release of Ag from intact TRISO particles. In this mechanism Ag transport in irradiated TRISO particle fuel takes place in the presence of the fission product Pd. The Pd reacts with the SiC layer and penetrates the SiC layer along grain boundaries to form a silicide layer which provides a rapid diffusion path for Ag in the SiC. The presence of thin silicide layers in irradiated TRISO particles was subsequently confirmed. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, School of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-12
An analysis of the internship programme in the Sarah Baartman Health District of the Eastern Cape: a model for effective implementation
- Authors: Feni, Monde Ludick
- Date: 2022-03
- Subjects: Internship programs , Public service employment , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23359 , vital:57617
- Description: The study’s main purpose was to evaluate the processes for Internship Programme Implementation in the Sarah Baartman Health District of the Eastern Cape Department of Health, to determine a Model that can be postulated for improving the Internship Programme Implementation in the Sarah Baartman Health District, wide Public Service and Private Sector. An empirical Study reveals the process for the Internship Programme Implementation has been marred with a significant number of challenges. As part of the recommendations, it was highly stressed that the Sarah Baartman Health District must adopt and embrace the Internship Programme Implementation Model in Figure 6.1 to effectively implement the Internship Programme as a means to deal with the challenges. Data was collected by the investigator from four main groups within the Sarah Baartman Health District. These were Senior Managers, Corporate Services Managers, Mentors, current and past interns. All these groups were directly involved in the internships in the Sarah Baartman Health District Health Department. The investigator got accurate and verified reflections, experiences and understandings of four constructs surrounding the internship programme and they include recruitment and employment of Interns using Best Practices, Training and Development Programmes for Interns Training, Performance Management and Development System for Interns and Mentoring as a Tool to Transfer Knowledge, Skills, Competencies and Attitudes required to Perform Optimally. During interviews, the researcher requested permission from the participants to record their responses digitally. This was done to make sure that no data was lost during the writing of responses from the participants. The questionnaires that were distributed to the interns and mentors had closed-ended questions, but the validity of the questionnaire was ensured by having a space for comments under each question to allow participants to support their answers. An analysis of the questionnaire was done by employing Microsoft Excel and statistics that are descriptive and inferential. The study findings revealed that the recruitment and employment of interns using best practices had a mean score above the required mean of 3, meaning that it is applied acceptably. As much as the construct is acceptable and meets the standard, the item in the construct that pertained to security checks for interns was not done and this is a worrying factor, meaning that the recruitment and employment of interns might be at risk of bringing in interns into the programme who are risky for the organisation. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-03
- Authors: Feni, Monde Ludick
- Date: 2022-03
- Subjects: Internship programs , Public service employment , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23359 , vital:57617
- Description: The study’s main purpose was to evaluate the processes for Internship Programme Implementation in the Sarah Baartman Health District of the Eastern Cape Department of Health, to determine a Model that can be postulated for improving the Internship Programme Implementation in the Sarah Baartman Health District, wide Public Service and Private Sector. An empirical Study reveals the process for the Internship Programme Implementation has been marred with a significant number of challenges. As part of the recommendations, it was highly stressed that the Sarah Baartman Health District must adopt and embrace the Internship Programme Implementation Model in Figure 6.1 to effectively implement the Internship Programme as a means to deal with the challenges. Data was collected by the investigator from four main groups within the Sarah Baartman Health District. These were Senior Managers, Corporate Services Managers, Mentors, current and past interns. All these groups were directly involved in the internships in the Sarah Baartman Health District Health Department. The investigator got accurate and verified reflections, experiences and understandings of four constructs surrounding the internship programme and they include recruitment and employment of Interns using Best Practices, Training and Development Programmes for Interns Training, Performance Management and Development System for Interns and Mentoring as a Tool to Transfer Knowledge, Skills, Competencies and Attitudes required to Perform Optimally. During interviews, the researcher requested permission from the participants to record their responses digitally. This was done to make sure that no data was lost during the writing of responses from the participants. The questionnaires that were distributed to the interns and mentors had closed-ended questions, but the validity of the questionnaire was ensured by having a space for comments under each question to allow participants to support their answers. An analysis of the questionnaire was done by employing Microsoft Excel and statistics that are descriptive and inferential. The study findings revealed that the recruitment and employment of interns using best practices had a mean score above the required mean of 3, meaning that it is applied acceptably. As much as the construct is acceptable and meets the standard, the item in the construct that pertained to security checks for interns was not done and this is a worrying factor, meaning that the recruitment and employment of interns might be at risk of bringing in interns into the programme who are risky for the organisation. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-03
Collegial leadership roles of teachers to manage curriculum reform in primary schools In Limpopo, South Africa
- Authors: Kgohlo, Piet Maphodisa
- Date: 2015-01
- Subjects: Limpompo (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53349 , vital:45143
- Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the collegial leadership roles of teachers in managing the challenges of the implementation of the CAPS curriculum in primary schools in Limpopo. Four hundred and ninety-two teachers participated in this quantitative study. The findings of this study revealed that the majority of teachers in the intermediate phase of primary schooling in Limpopo lack competence in content subjects such as mathematics, NSTECH and English as the language of teaching and learning. The findings further revealed that the lack of facilities such as libraries, media centres and computers, teacher development and support and infrastructure such as classrooms contributed to teachers’ low competencies in the use of resources to manage the challenges of the implementation of CAPS. In addition, the findings revealed that the majority of teachers experienced high levels of tobephobia. Furthermore, the findings revealed that teachers showed symptoms of stress, anxiety, tension, unhappiness, depression, pessimism and uncertainty in managing the challenges of the implementation of CAPS. However, the findings also revealed that collegial teaming is a potent strategy that could be used to reinforce the in-service training that fails to equip teachers with the requisite knowledge and skills to face up to the challenges of managing the implementation of CAPS. This research explored a new area of managing curriculum change by making use of collegial teaming to develop teachers’ professional competencies. It makes a significant contribution to the existing body of knowledge of implementing curriculum reforms in disadvantaged schools. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, Primary School Education: Intermediate Phase, 2015.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015-01
- Authors: Kgohlo, Piet Maphodisa
- Date: 2015-01
- Subjects: Limpompo (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53349 , vital:45143
- Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the collegial leadership roles of teachers in managing the challenges of the implementation of the CAPS curriculum in primary schools in Limpopo. Four hundred and ninety-two teachers participated in this quantitative study. The findings of this study revealed that the majority of teachers in the intermediate phase of primary schooling in Limpopo lack competence in content subjects such as mathematics, NSTECH and English as the language of teaching and learning. The findings further revealed that the lack of facilities such as libraries, media centres and computers, teacher development and support and infrastructure such as classrooms contributed to teachers’ low competencies in the use of resources to manage the challenges of the implementation of CAPS. In addition, the findings revealed that the majority of teachers experienced high levels of tobephobia. Furthermore, the findings revealed that teachers showed symptoms of stress, anxiety, tension, unhappiness, depression, pessimism and uncertainty in managing the challenges of the implementation of CAPS. However, the findings also revealed that collegial teaming is a potent strategy that could be used to reinforce the in-service training that fails to equip teachers with the requisite knowledge and skills to face up to the challenges of managing the implementation of CAPS. This research explored a new area of managing curriculum change by making use of collegial teaming to develop teachers’ professional competencies. It makes a significant contribution to the existing body of knowledge of implementing curriculum reforms in disadvantaged schools. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, Primary School Education: Intermediate Phase, 2015.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015-01
The synthesis, empirical and theoretical studies of various (N→B) diarylborinate esters
- Authors: Manana, Pholani Sakhile
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53869 , vital:46027
- Description: A series of core-functionalized borinic acids was synthesized from Grignard reagents and tributylborate and reacted with ethanolamine, amino acids, 2-pyridylmethanol as well as 2-(ethyl amino ethanol). Among the borinic acids synthesized were the ones bearing: para-(2, 15, 16, 22, 27)-methyl, (3, 20, 25)-chloro, (4, 23, 26)-fluoro, (5)-methoxy; meta-(7, 17)-methyl, (9)-fluoro; ortho-(6)-methyl, (8)-chloro, (10, 18, 19)-methoxy substituents on their respective aromatic systems. All compounds obtained by condensation of the borinic acids with the aforementioned nitrogen-containing substrates were characterized structurally by means of diffraction studies based on single crystals and found to constitute chelate esters/amides featuring covalent B-O and dative N→B bonds. The chelate compounds researched in this study could be classified into four families and represent the compounds: ethanol amine: (1) 2,2-diphenyl-1,3,2-oxazaborolidines, (2) 2,2-bis(p-tolyl)-1,3,2-oxazaborolidines, (3) 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,3,2-oxazaborolidines, (4) 2,2-bis(p-fluorophenyl)-1,3,2-oxazaborolidines, (5) 2,2-bis(p-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,2-oxazaborolidines, (6) 2,2-bis(o-tolyl)-1,3,2-oxazaborolidines, (7) 2,2-bis(m-tolyl)-1,3,2-oxazaborolidines, (8) 2,2-bis(o-chlorophenyl)-1,3,2-oxazaborolidines, (9) 2,2-bis(m-fluorophenyl)-1,3,2-oxazaborolidines, (10) 2,2-bis(o-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,2-oxazaborolidines. α-amino acids : (14) 4-methyl-2,2-diphenyl-1,3,2-oxazaborolidin-5-ones, (15) 2,2-bis(p-tolyl)-1,3,2-oxazaborolidin-5-ones, (16) 4-methyl-2,2-bis(p-tolyl)-1,3,2-oxazaborolidin-5-ones, (17) 4-isopropyl-2,2-bis(m-tolyl)-1,3,2-oxazaborolidin-5-ones, (18) 4-methyl-2,2-bis(o-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,2- oxazaborolidin-5-ones, (19) 4-acetamidyl-2,2-bis(o-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,2- oxazaborolidin-5-ones, (20) 4-phenylethane-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,3,2 oxazaborolidin-5-ones. 2-pyridylmethanol: (21) 1,3-hydroxypyridyl-2,2-diphenyl 1,3,2-oxazaborolidines, (22) 1,3-hydroxypyridyl-2,2-bis(p-tolyl)-1,3,2-oxazaborolidines, (23) 1,3-hydroxypyridyl-2,2-bis(p-fluorophenyl)-1,3,2-oxazaborolidines 2-(ethyl amino ethanol): (24) 3-ethyl-2,2-diphenyl-1,3,2-oxazaborolidines, (25) 3-ethyl-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,3,2-oxazaborolidines, (26) 3-ethyl-2,2-bis(p-fluorophenyl)-1,3,2-oxazaborolidines, (27) 3-ethyl-2,2-bis(p-tolyl)-1,3,2-oxazaborolidines. Apart from structural studies in the solid state, the compounds were also characterized by means of multinuclear NMR spectroscopy (1H, 11B, 13C) as well as UV/vis and FTIR. The typical 11B resonances were found in the range of (4-10 ppm). A series of characteristic metrical parameters for the compounds in the solid state as well as typical NMR shifts for the chelate target molecules was established that allowed for the determination of the coordination induced shift. The carbon atom bonded to the oxygen atom shifted upfield, while the carbon atom bonded to the nitrogen atom shifted downfield. Factors mentioned in the literature that has an influence on the hydrolytic stability on the heterocyclic borinate motif have been taken into consideration and verified for the systems researched in this study. The substitution at the nitrogen atom with one ethyl group caused the greatest increases in the N→B bond length (27) 1.714 Å, due to the increase in the nitrogen Lewis basicity, making it the least hydrolytically stable, these include compounds (24-26). Furthermore, DFT calculations were performed by employing Becke’s three parameter hybrid exchange functional with Lee–Yang–Parr functional (B3LYP) method using the Gaussian 16 program package (Rev. B01) employing the basis set 6-311++G(d,p), to corroborate and correlate the experimental findings, which gave a general R-squared value of 0.9978 for calculated vs experimental 13C chemical shifts. Thermal properties are recorded for select compounds, indicating the ΔH and the melting points. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
- Authors: Manana, Pholani Sakhile
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53869 , vital:46027
- Description: A series of core-functionalized borinic acids was synthesized from Grignard reagents and tributylborate and reacted with ethanolamine, amino acids, 2-pyridylmethanol as well as 2-(ethyl amino ethanol). Among the borinic acids synthesized were the ones bearing: para-(2, 15, 16, 22, 27)-methyl, (3, 20, 25)-chloro, (4, 23, 26)-fluoro, (5)-methoxy; meta-(7, 17)-methyl, (9)-fluoro; ortho-(6)-methyl, (8)-chloro, (10, 18, 19)-methoxy substituents on their respective aromatic systems. All compounds obtained by condensation of the borinic acids with the aforementioned nitrogen-containing substrates were characterized structurally by means of diffraction studies based on single crystals and found to constitute chelate esters/amides featuring covalent B-O and dative N→B bonds. The chelate compounds researched in this study could be classified into four families and represent the compounds: ethanol amine: (1) 2,2-diphenyl-1,3,2-oxazaborolidines, (2) 2,2-bis(p-tolyl)-1,3,2-oxazaborolidines, (3) 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,3,2-oxazaborolidines, (4) 2,2-bis(p-fluorophenyl)-1,3,2-oxazaborolidines, (5) 2,2-bis(p-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,2-oxazaborolidines, (6) 2,2-bis(o-tolyl)-1,3,2-oxazaborolidines, (7) 2,2-bis(m-tolyl)-1,3,2-oxazaborolidines, (8) 2,2-bis(o-chlorophenyl)-1,3,2-oxazaborolidines, (9) 2,2-bis(m-fluorophenyl)-1,3,2-oxazaborolidines, (10) 2,2-bis(o-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,2-oxazaborolidines. α-amino acids : (14) 4-methyl-2,2-diphenyl-1,3,2-oxazaborolidin-5-ones, (15) 2,2-bis(p-tolyl)-1,3,2-oxazaborolidin-5-ones, (16) 4-methyl-2,2-bis(p-tolyl)-1,3,2-oxazaborolidin-5-ones, (17) 4-isopropyl-2,2-bis(m-tolyl)-1,3,2-oxazaborolidin-5-ones, (18) 4-methyl-2,2-bis(o-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,2- oxazaborolidin-5-ones, (19) 4-acetamidyl-2,2-bis(o-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,2- oxazaborolidin-5-ones, (20) 4-phenylethane-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,3,2 oxazaborolidin-5-ones. 2-pyridylmethanol: (21) 1,3-hydroxypyridyl-2,2-diphenyl 1,3,2-oxazaborolidines, (22) 1,3-hydroxypyridyl-2,2-bis(p-tolyl)-1,3,2-oxazaborolidines, (23) 1,3-hydroxypyridyl-2,2-bis(p-fluorophenyl)-1,3,2-oxazaborolidines 2-(ethyl amino ethanol): (24) 3-ethyl-2,2-diphenyl-1,3,2-oxazaborolidines, (25) 3-ethyl-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,3,2-oxazaborolidines, (26) 3-ethyl-2,2-bis(p-fluorophenyl)-1,3,2-oxazaborolidines, (27) 3-ethyl-2,2-bis(p-tolyl)-1,3,2-oxazaborolidines. Apart from structural studies in the solid state, the compounds were also characterized by means of multinuclear NMR spectroscopy (1H, 11B, 13C) as well as UV/vis and FTIR. The typical 11B resonances were found in the range of (4-10 ppm). A series of characteristic metrical parameters for the compounds in the solid state as well as typical NMR shifts for the chelate target molecules was established that allowed for the determination of the coordination induced shift. The carbon atom bonded to the oxygen atom shifted upfield, while the carbon atom bonded to the nitrogen atom shifted downfield. Factors mentioned in the literature that has an influence on the hydrolytic stability on the heterocyclic borinate motif have been taken into consideration and verified for the systems researched in this study. The substitution at the nitrogen atom with one ethyl group caused the greatest increases in the N→B bond length (27) 1.714 Å, due to the increase in the nitrogen Lewis basicity, making it the least hydrolytically stable, these include compounds (24-26). Furthermore, DFT calculations were performed by employing Becke’s three parameter hybrid exchange functional with Lee–Yang–Parr functional (B3LYP) method using the Gaussian 16 program package (Rev. B01) employing the basis set 6-311++G(d,p), to corroborate and correlate the experimental findings, which gave a general R-squared value of 0.9978 for calculated vs experimental 13C chemical shifts. Thermal properties are recorded for select compounds, indicating the ΔH and the melting points. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
Preventive diplomacy and conflict prevention in Africa: an examination of South Africa’s role in conflict resolution in the Democratic Republic of The Congo
- Authors: Mandela, Siyabulela
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54471 , vital:46584
- Description: The Agenda 2063 tabled a blueprint of seven aspirations, for the Africa we want and one which was critical to this study being a peaceful and secure Africa. As postulated in this aspiration, by Agenda 2063, “Africa shall be free from armed conflict, terrorism, extremism, intolerance, and gender-based violence, which are major threats to human security, peace and development”. The Assembly of the AU committed in the agenda to fast-track actions to silence the guns by 2020, through enhanced dialogue-centred conflict prevention and resolution. The deadline for silencing guns and ending all wars in Africa was 2020, which has passed and Africa remains characterised by violent conflict and underdevelopment. Violent conflict of different magnitudes continues unabated across different states in Africa and remain insolent to any means towards resolution. The African continent is also a host to the most fragile states in the world, and the governments of these countries are unable to cultivate or facilitate the necessary conditions needed for sustainable peace and development. The conditions of poverty, frustration of basic human needs, maladministration, corruption, mismanagement of diversity and ethnic divisions so prevalent in Africa increase the likelihood of violent conflict. Conflict provention, preventive diplomacy, problem-solving workshops, peacebuilding and peacekeeping are all variants of peace operations deemed crucial in this study for Africa’s stability, peace and development. The advancement of preventive diplomacy and conflict provention as a hybrid framework for the prevention and resolution of violent conflict and promotion of sustainable peace and development in Africa was at the centre of this study. The study adopted John Burton’s basic human needs theory as a theoretical framework to further highlight an urgency by African states to prioritise policies and conflict resolution efforts directed at addressing the underlying issues giving rise to violent conflicts, if sustainable peace and development was to be realised in the continent. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
- Authors: Mandela, Siyabulela
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54471 , vital:46584
- Description: The Agenda 2063 tabled a blueprint of seven aspirations, for the Africa we want and one which was critical to this study being a peaceful and secure Africa. As postulated in this aspiration, by Agenda 2063, “Africa shall be free from armed conflict, terrorism, extremism, intolerance, and gender-based violence, which are major threats to human security, peace and development”. The Assembly of the AU committed in the agenda to fast-track actions to silence the guns by 2020, through enhanced dialogue-centred conflict prevention and resolution. The deadline for silencing guns and ending all wars in Africa was 2020, which has passed and Africa remains characterised by violent conflict and underdevelopment. Violent conflict of different magnitudes continues unabated across different states in Africa and remain insolent to any means towards resolution. The African continent is also a host to the most fragile states in the world, and the governments of these countries are unable to cultivate or facilitate the necessary conditions needed for sustainable peace and development. The conditions of poverty, frustration of basic human needs, maladministration, corruption, mismanagement of diversity and ethnic divisions so prevalent in Africa increase the likelihood of violent conflict. Conflict provention, preventive diplomacy, problem-solving workshops, peacebuilding and peacekeeping are all variants of peace operations deemed crucial in this study for Africa’s stability, peace and development. The advancement of preventive diplomacy and conflict provention as a hybrid framework for the prevention and resolution of violent conflict and promotion of sustainable peace and development in Africa was at the centre of this study. The study adopted John Burton’s basic human needs theory as a theoretical framework to further highlight an urgency by African states to prioritise policies and conflict resolution efforts directed at addressing the underlying issues giving rise to violent conflicts, if sustainable peace and development was to be realised in the continent. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
Main thesis title 2021: subtitle if needed. If no subtitle follow instructions in manual
- Authors: Mashinini, Peter Madindwa
- Date: 2015-03
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53340 , vital:45138
- Description: Ti6Al4V alloy usage is increasing due to high demand from the aerospace and automotive industries as well as the field of medical implants. Therefore, identifying the most effective joining technique is critically important to ensure that optimum life can be achieved by welded components. This is especially important for the aerospace industry where fatigue life of the welded joints is vital. This research identified two relatively new joining technologies for Titanium sheet, namely, Friction Stir Welding (FSW),a solid-state process, and Laser Beam Welding (LBW),a fusion joining process. It was therefore vitalto conduct a systematic study of these two processes and compare results to illustrate which process attributes to static and dynamic properties. This investigation was accomplished by varying the process heat input for both FSW and LBW. The main parameters used to control process heat input were rotational-and traverse speed for FSW and laser power and traverse speed for LBW. In FSW, a reaction torque was used to describe the process energy in order to achieve the plasticised material condition. Preliminary work was done to establish the influencing factors for a successful weld which included tool optimisation but process optimisation was not discussed in elaborative detail. In LBW, traverse speed was identified as the critical control parameter to ensure good weld penetration. Weld width was recorded as it showed strong correlation to heat input rates. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment and Technology, Mechanical Engineering, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015-03
- Authors: Mashinini, Peter Madindwa
- Date: 2015-03
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53340 , vital:45138
- Description: Ti6Al4V alloy usage is increasing due to high demand from the aerospace and automotive industries as well as the field of medical implants. Therefore, identifying the most effective joining technique is critically important to ensure that optimum life can be achieved by welded components. This is especially important for the aerospace industry where fatigue life of the welded joints is vital. This research identified two relatively new joining technologies for Titanium sheet, namely, Friction Stir Welding (FSW),a solid-state process, and Laser Beam Welding (LBW),a fusion joining process. It was therefore vitalto conduct a systematic study of these two processes and compare results to illustrate which process attributes to static and dynamic properties. This investigation was accomplished by varying the process heat input for both FSW and LBW. The main parameters used to control process heat input were rotational-and traverse speed for FSW and laser power and traverse speed for LBW. In FSW, a reaction torque was used to describe the process energy in order to achieve the plasticised material condition. Preliminary work was done to establish the influencing factors for a successful weld which included tool optimisation but process optimisation was not discussed in elaborative detail. In LBW, traverse speed was identified as the critical control parameter to ensure good weld penetration. Weld width was recorded as it showed strong correlation to heat input rates. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment and Technology, Mechanical Engineering, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015-03
Spatial and temporal analysis of the critical zone in the Western rift valley corridor: towards earth stewardship science in East Africa
- Authors: Miller, Warren David
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59771 , vital:62423
- Description: Over the coming decades, Africa is expected to experience disturbing effects due to climate change and increased land cover change due to human influences presenting a significant concern for the future well-being of human and biological systems, the latter being the foundation of ecosystem services supplied to humanity. Therefore, unprecedented transdisciplinary cooperation, coordination, and integration amongst researchers, government, and civil society are necessary to increase the resiliency of these systems. This study aims to provide an outline of the Africa Alive Corridors (AAC) as an essential model for the encouragement of sustainable development through Earth Stewardship science. These aims are accompanied by the quantification and forward modelling for land cover change of the Critical Zone over 10 Great Lake Basins across one of the AAC, the Western Rift Valley Corridor (WRVC), in East Africa between the years 2018 and 2060. This approach provides the foundation for implementing improved regional governance, better encouragement of sustainable development beyond the 2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, and education programs, such as the AAC, that promote socio-ecological resilience through Earth Stewardship Science. The AAC archives a portion of East Africa as the WRVC, a corridor along the western branch of the East African Rift System that highlights twenty heritage nodes, primarily great lakes, mountain ranges, national parks, and biological hotspots. These heritage entities are associated with ca. 12-million-years of evolution and transformation of the East African topography and related African Great Lake (AGL) systems. The thesis defines the study area by delineating AGL basins intersected by the WRVC. Across these basins, land cover change analysis provides a platform for an integrated assessment of the projected health of the corridor region. Existing land cover datasets provide the initial conditions of the study area for 2008 and 2013. Land cover between 2008 and 2013 is cross-tabulated using the Land Cover Module in the Terrset software, followed by the iii delineation of sub-models and driver variable identification. The Multi-Layer Perceptron algorithm provides the transition potentials between tree cover, urban area, cropland, wetland, and open area classes. Change quantification and prediction using Markov Chain analysis are then established for 2018, 2030, and 2060. The model successfully simulated future land cover change and concluded that: (1) proximity to existing human activity, proximity to existing tree cover, and population are the primary drivers of change; (2) the dominant land cover of the ten lake basins for 2018 was cropland at ca. 48%, followed by tree cover at ca. 33%; (3) total anthropogenic change over the coming four decades equates to over ca. 52 000 km2 (5 200 000 ha), and particularly (4) an urban area is expected to increase by >130%. This assessment ultimately provides a platform for regional governance development at the basin scale and Earth Stewardship science in East Africa. These changes require transdisciplinary action from researchers to civil society. The AAC provides the foundation for understanding the dynamics of the systems that support life across broader spatial and temporal resolutions in Africa, highlighting the need for future generations to build socio-ecological resilience to anticipate challenges such as biodiversity loss posed by climate change and excessive land cover change. , Thesis (DSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Miller, Warren David
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59771 , vital:62423
- Description: Over the coming decades, Africa is expected to experience disturbing effects due to climate change and increased land cover change due to human influences presenting a significant concern for the future well-being of human and biological systems, the latter being the foundation of ecosystem services supplied to humanity. Therefore, unprecedented transdisciplinary cooperation, coordination, and integration amongst researchers, government, and civil society are necessary to increase the resiliency of these systems. This study aims to provide an outline of the Africa Alive Corridors (AAC) as an essential model for the encouragement of sustainable development through Earth Stewardship science. These aims are accompanied by the quantification and forward modelling for land cover change of the Critical Zone over 10 Great Lake Basins across one of the AAC, the Western Rift Valley Corridor (WRVC), in East Africa between the years 2018 and 2060. This approach provides the foundation for implementing improved regional governance, better encouragement of sustainable development beyond the 2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, and education programs, such as the AAC, that promote socio-ecological resilience through Earth Stewardship Science. The AAC archives a portion of East Africa as the WRVC, a corridor along the western branch of the East African Rift System that highlights twenty heritage nodes, primarily great lakes, mountain ranges, national parks, and biological hotspots. These heritage entities are associated with ca. 12-million-years of evolution and transformation of the East African topography and related African Great Lake (AGL) systems. The thesis defines the study area by delineating AGL basins intersected by the WRVC. Across these basins, land cover change analysis provides a platform for an integrated assessment of the projected health of the corridor region. Existing land cover datasets provide the initial conditions of the study area for 2008 and 2013. Land cover between 2008 and 2013 is cross-tabulated using the Land Cover Module in the Terrset software, followed by the iii delineation of sub-models and driver variable identification. The Multi-Layer Perceptron algorithm provides the transition potentials between tree cover, urban area, cropland, wetland, and open area classes. Change quantification and prediction using Markov Chain analysis are then established for 2018, 2030, and 2060. The model successfully simulated future land cover change and concluded that: (1) proximity to existing human activity, proximity to existing tree cover, and population are the primary drivers of change; (2) the dominant land cover of the ten lake basins for 2018 was cropland at ca. 48%, followed by tree cover at ca. 33%; (3) total anthropogenic change over the coming four decades equates to over ca. 52 000 km2 (5 200 000 ha), and particularly (4) an urban area is expected to increase by >130%. This assessment ultimately provides a platform for regional governance development at the basin scale and Earth Stewardship science in East Africa. These changes require transdisciplinary action from researchers to civil society. The AAC provides the foundation for understanding the dynamics of the systems that support life across broader spatial and temporal resolutions in Africa, highlighting the need for future generations to build socio-ecological resilience to anticipate challenges such as biodiversity loss posed by climate change and excessive land cover change. , Thesis (DSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
Constructing an intergrated service excellence model for the South African police service
- Authors: Modise, Motsamai John
- Date: 2020-04
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/55020 , vital:48823
- Description: This study is set within the South African Police Service (SAPS). The purpose of the study is to construct an integrated service excellence model, in order to improve service quality in the South African Police Service as a whole and to continuously improve service excellence in the assistance provided in the Northern Cape in particular. Furthermore, the study was intended to identify gaps in the quality of services provided by the SAPS to the various communities in the Northern Cape. The development of a service excellence model for the assessment of the services provided by the SAPS is justified, because it is an essential means to improving the services rendered, which will be beneficial to both the SAPS and the community. Service failures negatively impact relationships and marketing efforts and thus complicate service providers’ relationship-building efforts. Therefore, service providers endeavour to restore customers’ post-recovery satisfaction through service recovery efforts to retain their customers. However, the influence that customers’ relationship intentions have on this process has not been considered. Previous research on relationship intention in South Africa focussed only on developing a valid and reliable relationship intention measurement scale. This study employed both the quantitative and qualitative research approaches to validate the research questions and authenticate the problem statement. The triangulation approach allowed the researcher to effectively engage the strengths of both research methodologies. The research findings from the empirical survey were statistically analysed using statistical procedures. The data analysis, derived from the qualitative research approach, involved thematic content analysis. The sample populations for the study comprised ward councillors, selected senior officials and community members. For the quantitative approach, questionnaires were distributed to respondents. One-on–one interviews were conducted with senior managers as the qualitative component of the study. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-04
- Authors: Modise, Motsamai John
- Date: 2020-04
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/55020 , vital:48823
- Description: This study is set within the South African Police Service (SAPS). The purpose of the study is to construct an integrated service excellence model, in order to improve service quality in the South African Police Service as a whole and to continuously improve service excellence in the assistance provided in the Northern Cape in particular. Furthermore, the study was intended to identify gaps in the quality of services provided by the SAPS to the various communities in the Northern Cape. The development of a service excellence model for the assessment of the services provided by the SAPS is justified, because it is an essential means to improving the services rendered, which will be beneficial to both the SAPS and the community. Service failures negatively impact relationships and marketing efforts and thus complicate service providers’ relationship-building efforts. Therefore, service providers endeavour to restore customers’ post-recovery satisfaction through service recovery efforts to retain their customers. However, the influence that customers’ relationship intentions have on this process has not been considered. Previous research on relationship intention in South Africa focussed only on developing a valid and reliable relationship intention measurement scale. This study employed both the quantitative and qualitative research approaches to validate the research questions and authenticate the problem statement. The triangulation approach allowed the researcher to effectively engage the strengths of both research methodologies. The research findings from the empirical survey were statistically analysed using statistical procedures. The data analysis, derived from the qualitative research approach, involved thematic content analysis. The sample populations for the study comprised ward councillors, selected senior officials and community members. For the quantitative approach, questionnaires were distributed to respondents. One-on–one interviews were conducted with senior managers as the qualitative component of the study. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-04
The state and civil society in building a capable developmental state : a case of the National Department of Social Development and the Non Profit Organisations sector in South Africa
- Authors: Morkel, Candice
- Date: 2020-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/55031 , vital:48824
- Description: The challenges in the relationship between the Department of Social Development (DSD) and Non Profit Organisations (NPOs) in South Africa pose a risk to their ability to partner successfully in order to deliver government’s Constitutional obligations in meeting citizens’ developmental social welfare needs. Some contemporary theories of the state (such as pluralism and corporatism) as well as approaches to Public Administration and Management (such as co-production) support a collaborative approach between governments and civil society in order to address development challenges. Peter Evans’ (cf. 1995, 1997, 1998, 2008; 2014) expansive scholarship on embedded autonomy and building capable developmental states, suggests that a state that is sufficiently embedded in an intimate partnership with nonstate actors is more likely to achieve its development goals. However, these relations must also be autonomous and unfettered by private or sectional interests to circumvent the risk of neopatrimonialism and state capture. In view of growing critiques of economic growth as the primary marker of a developmental state, which prioritises the state’s relationship with private capital, Evans (ibid.) also argued for a more expanded definition of embedded autonomy. Building on Evan’s perspective, this study examines the relationship between the DSD and the NPO sector in South Africa to address the gap in the literature on how other forms of embedded autonomy (beyond the state-private sector nexus) may function in a developmental state. Its purpose is to make an original contribution to knowledge by examining how the achievement of South Africa’s Developmental Social Welfare (DSW) outcomes and the building of a capable developmental state may be affected by weaknesses in embeddedness, autonomy and state capacity. It argues that a relationship of trust and solidarity between the state and civil society that prioritises the well-being of people as the primary indicator of development, is a necessary feature of the capable developmental state. The study therefore provides insights into the interventions required to ensure collaborative and integrated service delivery between the state and civil society in South Africa. This is forged from an examination of the deeply held conflicting beliefs and expectations around the execution of the DSW mandate, the current tensions in the relationship, its intersections with the history of the non-profit sector in the apartheid welfare state and the challenges of transformation since 1994. In this respect, it fills a further gap in the literature by focusing on expanded, non-traditional state-society ties imagined by Evans’ conceptual framework of embedded autonomy and the developmental state. Furthermore, the study makes an elemental contribution to knowledge around co-production, which remains poorly formulated despite increasing interest and research in this area of Public Administration and Management (Gawlowski, 2018:72; Osborne, Radnor & Strokosch, 2016:644). This study used a qualitative design to derive meaning from indepth interviews with twentythree (23) knowledgeable experts representing the DSD (current and ex-staff members), NPOs, members of the Ministerial Committee for the 2013-2016 Review of the White Paper for Social Welfare (1997), NPO umbrella bodies and social justice activists. These were supplemented by a Focus Group Discussion comprising of nine (9) activists based at a grassroots NPO. Employing both an interpretive and constructivist approach, the design facilitated an in-depth examination of participants’ perceptions of the state’s constitutional obligation towards social justice through delivering DSW services in collaboration with the NPO Sector. The researcher used thematic content analysis to explore how weaknesses in the inter-play between embeddedness and autonomy in the DSW sector may explain the tensions between the DSD and NPOs. An analysis of the literature also helped in drawing linkages between weaknesses in embedded autonomy, building a capable developmental state and achieving the country’s DSW outcomes. The study found that the adversarial relationship between the DSD and NPOs has a negative effect on the rendering of DSW services to citizens, which places South Africa’s pursuit of a capable developmental state at risk. Applying a strategic-relational conceptualisation of the state, it argued how South Africa’s commitment to a participatory and people-centred approach to public policy and the protection of the socio-economic rights of citizens requires a fully engaged civil society, balanced by autonomy. Invoking a Gramscian lens, the study also provided an analysis of the potential for civil society to act as a counter-hegemonic force against the domination of global capital and the marketization of the state in order to protect the rights of the subaltern. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-12
- Authors: Morkel, Candice
- Date: 2020-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/55031 , vital:48824
- Description: The challenges in the relationship between the Department of Social Development (DSD) and Non Profit Organisations (NPOs) in South Africa pose a risk to their ability to partner successfully in order to deliver government’s Constitutional obligations in meeting citizens’ developmental social welfare needs. Some contemporary theories of the state (such as pluralism and corporatism) as well as approaches to Public Administration and Management (such as co-production) support a collaborative approach between governments and civil society in order to address development challenges. Peter Evans’ (cf. 1995, 1997, 1998, 2008; 2014) expansive scholarship on embedded autonomy and building capable developmental states, suggests that a state that is sufficiently embedded in an intimate partnership with nonstate actors is more likely to achieve its development goals. However, these relations must also be autonomous and unfettered by private or sectional interests to circumvent the risk of neopatrimonialism and state capture. In view of growing critiques of economic growth as the primary marker of a developmental state, which prioritises the state’s relationship with private capital, Evans (ibid.) also argued for a more expanded definition of embedded autonomy. Building on Evan’s perspective, this study examines the relationship between the DSD and the NPO sector in South Africa to address the gap in the literature on how other forms of embedded autonomy (beyond the state-private sector nexus) may function in a developmental state. Its purpose is to make an original contribution to knowledge by examining how the achievement of South Africa’s Developmental Social Welfare (DSW) outcomes and the building of a capable developmental state may be affected by weaknesses in embeddedness, autonomy and state capacity. It argues that a relationship of trust and solidarity between the state and civil society that prioritises the well-being of people as the primary indicator of development, is a necessary feature of the capable developmental state. The study therefore provides insights into the interventions required to ensure collaborative and integrated service delivery between the state and civil society in South Africa. This is forged from an examination of the deeply held conflicting beliefs and expectations around the execution of the DSW mandate, the current tensions in the relationship, its intersections with the history of the non-profit sector in the apartheid welfare state and the challenges of transformation since 1994. In this respect, it fills a further gap in the literature by focusing on expanded, non-traditional state-society ties imagined by Evans’ conceptual framework of embedded autonomy and the developmental state. Furthermore, the study makes an elemental contribution to knowledge around co-production, which remains poorly formulated despite increasing interest and research in this area of Public Administration and Management (Gawlowski, 2018:72; Osborne, Radnor & Strokosch, 2016:644). This study used a qualitative design to derive meaning from indepth interviews with twentythree (23) knowledgeable experts representing the DSD (current and ex-staff members), NPOs, members of the Ministerial Committee for the 2013-2016 Review of the White Paper for Social Welfare (1997), NPO umbrella bodies and social justice activists. These were supplemented by a Focus Group Discussion comprising of nine (9) activists based at a grassroots NPO. Employing both an interpretive and constructivist approach, the design facilitated an in-depth examination of participants’ perceptions of the state’s constitutional obligation towards social justice through delivering DSW services in collaboration with the NPO Sector. The researcher used thematic content analysis to explore how weaknesses in the inter-play between embeddedness and autonomy in the DSW sector may explain the tensions between the DSD and NPOs. An analysis of the literature also helped in drawing linkages between weaknesses in embedded autonomy, building a capable developmental state and achieving the country’s DSW outcomes. The study found that the adversarial relationship between the DSD and NPOs has a negative effect on the rendering of DSW services to citizens, which places South Africa’s pursuit of a capable developmental state at risk. Applying a strategic-relational conceptualisation of the state, it argued how South Africa’s commitment to a participatory and people-centred approach to public policy and the protection of the socio-economic rights of citizens requires a fully engaged civil society, balanced by autonomy. Invoking a Gramscian lens, the study also provided an analysis of the potential for civil society to act as a counter-hegemonic force against the domination of global capital and the marketization of the state in order to protect the rights of the subaltern. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-12
Managing the corporate reputation of a transforming organisation: a study of multimedia University of Kenya
- Authors: Mtange, Margaret Mulekani
- Date: 2020-04
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/55042 , vital:48830
- Description: Universities, like other organisations, are challenged to manage corporate identity and reputation to maintain a competitive edge. Few studies in Africa focus on the impact of internal communication on corporate identity and reputation management during organisational transformation. Thus, this study interrogated how a transforming and complex university in Kenya managed the corporate identity, image and reputation for competitive advantage. The purpose of the study was to establish how Multimedia University of Kenya (MMU) management communicated with its employees to nurture the corporate identity, image and reputation during a ten-year period of transformation. The study draws insights from in-depth interviews with 23 university management members, 178 self-administered questionnaires through random stratification of MMU employees, and content review of two MMU strategic plans ranging from 2011 to 2021. The findings suggest that MMU management used formal and interactive channels to create awareness of organisational transformation. These channels included face-to-face engagements, formal meetings and mediated communication through telephone conversations and intranet that facilitated record keeping. The management engaged in top-down and bottom-up communication to build employee trust, while employees expressed reservations of bottom-up information accuracy, suggesting information exclusion. On the contrary, the employees preferred digital and interpersonal channels for internal communication, which included telephone conversations, social media, personal visits by MMU management, and university events. Publicity activities were to disseminate information to prospective students and sponsors through selected private television, vernacular radio, and MMU radio stations, traditional print media, and the MMU website to communicate the MMU brand and image. Employees acknowledged that MMU brands itself as a leader in telecommunication, technology, mechanical, manufacturing, and media training through state-of-the-art equipment, robust faculty, and problem-solving ventures through research. The current study proposes stronger employee involvement, executive packaging and positioning, coaching successful faculty members as brand ambassadors, retraining employees, and employee participation in policy formulation to enhance new culture. In addition, these opositions will enhance the corporate identity, brand, as well as university performance, product quality, policy and processes to enrich the corporate reputation during transformation. The findings challenge university management to actively engage the corporate communication function, emphasise employee participation, and focus on the continual improvement of corporate identity and reputation management practices for competitive advantage. The current study proposes a participative, multi-layered and multi-dimensional communication model for efficient and excellent internal communication. The current study recommends that corporate communication practitioner be strategically positioned to coordinate employee engagement, utilise appropriate communication channels and counsel university management on corporate identity, image and reputation management during organisational transformation. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Language, Media and Communication, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-04
- Authors: Mtange, Margaret Mulekani
- Date: 2020-04
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/55042 , vital:48830
- Description: Universities, like other organisations, are challenged to manage corporate identity and reputation to maintain a competitive edge. Few studies in Africa focus on the impact of internal communication on corporate identity and reputation management during organisational transformation. Thus, this study interrogated how a transforming and complex university in Kenya managed the corporate identity, image and reputation for competitive advantage. The purpose of the study was to establish how Multimedia University of Kenya (MMU) management communicated with its employees to nurture the corporate identity, image and reputation during a ten-year period of transformation. The study draws insights from in-depth interviews with 23 university management members, 178 self-administered questionnaires through random stratification of MMU employees, and content review of two MMU strategic plans ranging from 2011 to 2021. The findings suggest that MMU management used formal and interactive channels to create awareness of organisational transformation. These channels included face-to-face engagements, formal meetings and mediated communication through telephone conversations and intranet that facilitated record keeping. The management engaged in top-down and bottom-up communication to build employee trust, while employees expressed reservations of bottom-up information accuracy, suggesting information exclusion. On the contrary, the employees preferred digital and interpersonal channels for internal communication, which included telephone conversations, social media, personal visits by MMU management, and university events. Publicity activities were to disseminate information to prospective students and sponsors through selected private television, vernacular radio, and MMU radio stations, traditional print media, and the MMU website to communicate the MMU brand and image. Employees acknowledged that MMU brands itself as a leader in telecommunication, technology, mechanical, manufacturing, and media training through state-of-the-art equipment, robust faculty, and problem-solving ventures through research. The current study proposes stronger employee involvement, executive packaging and positioning, coaching successful faculty members as brand ambassadors, retraining employees, and employee participation in policy formulation to enhance new culture. In addition, these opositions will enhance the corporate identity, brand, as well as university performance, product quality, policy and processes to enrich the corporate reputation during transformation. The findings challenge university management to actively engage the corporate communication function, emphasise employee participation, and focus on the continual improvement of corporate identity and reputation management practices for competitive advantage. The current study proposes a participative, multi-layered and multi-dimensional communication model for efficient and excellent internal communication. The current study recommends that corporate communication practitioner be strategically positioned to coordinate employee engagement, utilise appropriate communication channels and counsel university management on corporate identity, image and reputation management during organisational transformation. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Language, Media and Communication, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-04
Towards a thriving youth culture: a framework for the development and empowerment of rural unemployed youth in Mhlontlo Municipality, South Africa
- Authors: Mugabe, Tanaka Candida
- Date: 2020-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/55053 , vital:49026
- Description: The basis for youth employment and development in rural areas encapsulates transformation which brings about freedom in terms of economic growth as well as social stability. nevertheless, research provides evidence that one of the complex dilemmas in South Africa and across the globe is youth unemployment. Statistics South Africa in 2019 estimated that 70,9% of the total number of unemployed citizens are youths, with consequences that have a far-reaching impact on their quality of life and future prospects; thus, a social problem that requires urgent redress. In addition, there is evidence that youth unemployment is more prominent in rural than urban areas. It is for this reason that this study focused on the lived experiences of unemployed youth in Mhlontlo Municipality, a rural locality in South Africa to better understand the complexity and multifaceted unemployment phenomenon. Youth unemployment requires an understanding of its nature; especially, when considering and/or implementing interventions. Although the youth may share common denominators such as their culture, being unemployed and have a need for development and empowerment, youths experience their world as individuals and differently. Ensuring positive development and thriving requires insightful understanding about lived experiences of unemployed youths, as well as the immediate effect and long-standing impact caused by the nature of interaction between youths and their broader ecological environment. The research findings in this thesis highlight that whether as a source (self) or re-source (cocreator) of human capital, unemployed youth have the capacity to thrive and/or to enable thriving. Thus, an intervention initiative should create a culture of thriving; the latter, both a means and end, irrespective of the adversity in which unemployed youths find themselves. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-12
- Authors: Mugabe, Tanaka Candida
- Date: 2020-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/55053 , vital:49026
- Description: The basis for youth employment and development in rural areas encapsulates transformation which brings about freedom in terms of economic growth as well as social stability. nevertheless, research provides evidence that one of the complex dilemmas in South Africa and across the globe is youth unemployment. Statistics South Africa in 2019 estimated that 70,9% of the total number of unemployed citizens are youths, with consequences that have a far-reaching impact on their quality of life and future prospects; thus, a social problem that requires urgent redress. In addition, there is evidence that youth unemployment is more prominent in rural than urban areas. It is for this reason that this study focused on the lived experiences of unemployed youth in Mhlontlo Municipality, a rural locality in South Africa to better understand the complexity and multifaceted unemployment phenomenon. Youth unemployment requires an understanding of its nature; especially, when considering and/or implementing interventions. Although the youth may share common denominators such as their culture, being unemployed and have a need for development and empowerment, youths experience their world as individuals and differently. Ensuring positive development and thriving requires insightful understanding about lived experiences of unemployed youths, as well as the immediate effect and long-standing impact caused by the nature of interaction between youths and their broader ecological environment. The research findings in this thesis highlight that whether as a source (self) or re-source (cocreator) of human capital, unemployed youth have the capacity to thrive and/or to enable thriving. Thus, an intervention initiative should create a culture of thriving; the latter, both a means and end, irrespective of the adversity in which unemployed youths find themselves. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-12
Perceptions regarding corporate citizenship behaviour in Zimbabwe
- Authors: Muzvidziwa, Itai
- Date: 2015-03
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53396 , vital:45144
- Description: Corporate Citizenship (CC) has risen as a conspicuous term in the literature dealing with the social role of business. Citizenship‟s focal point is the rights and responsibilities of all members of the community. CC can be defined as the extent to which organisations undertake the compulsory economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary responsibilities imposed on them by their stakeholders. CC recognises organisations as legal persons with certain rights and responsibilities as members of a community. The upsurge in undertaking acts of social responsibility illustrates that CC tends to be a strategic measurement that investors use to consciously align ethical concerns with publicly held organisations. In Zimbabwe, some organisations have made some progress towards CC - yet a long journey lies ahead in promoting CC by both the private sector and the Government of Zimbabwe. Against this background, the following research question was addressed in this study: What are the perceptions regarding CC behaviour in Zimbabwe? This study has been motivated by the knowledge gap on CC as a dynamic and contextual response to internal and external environmental pressures and the shift in community expectations concerning the roles, responsibilities and accountabilities of businesses in Zimbabwe. The main objective of this study was to investigate perceptions regarding corporate citizenship behaviour in Zimbabwe. A hypothetical model shows various factors that may influence perceptions regarding CC behaviour in Zimbabwe. Three independent variables (internal factors, external factors and personal factors) were identified as variables that may influence perceptions regarding CC behaviour. The mediating variable (perceptions regarding CC behaviour) was also identified as a variable that have potential to affect the dependent variables (organisational performance, competitiveness, image and sustainability). Furthermore, seven null-hypotheses were developed to test the relationship between the independent, mediating and dependent variables. All these variables were clearly defined and operationalised with various items obtained from measuring instruments used in other similar studies. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Management Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015-03
- Authors: Muzvidziwa, Itai
- Date: 2015-03
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53396 , vital:45144
- Description: Corporate Citizenship (CC) has risen as a conspicuous term in the literature dealing with the social role of business. Citizenship‟s focal point is the rights and responsibilities of all members of the community. CC can be defined as the extent to which organisations undertake the compulsory economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary responsibilities imposed on them by their stakeholders. CC recognises organisations as legal persons with certain rights and responsibilities as members of a community. The upsurge in undertaking acts of social responsibility illustrates that CC tends to be a strategic measurement that investors use to consciously align ethical concerns with publicly held organisations. In Zimbabwe, some organisations have made some progress towards CC - yet a long journey lies ahead in promoting CC by both the private sector and the Government of Zimbabwe. Against this background, the following research question was addressed in this study: What are the perceptions regarding CC behaviour in Zimbabwe? This study has been motivated by the knowledge gap on CC as a dynamic and contextual response to internal and external environmental pressures and the shift in community expectations concerning the roles, responsibilities and accountabilities of businesses in Zimbabwe. The main objective of this study was to investigate perceptions regarding corporate citizenship behaviour in Zimbabwe. A hypothetical model shows various factors that may influence perceptions regarding CC behaviour in Zimbabwe. Three independent variables (internal factors, external factors and personal factors) were identified as variables that may influence perceptions regarding CC behaviour. The mediating variable (perceptions regarding CC behaviour) was also identified as a variable that have potential to affect the dependent variables (organisational performance, competitiveness, image and sustainability). Furthermore, seven null-hypotheses were developed to test the relationship between the independent, mediating and dependent variables. All these variables were clearly defined and operationalised with various items obtained from measuring instruments used in other similar studies. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Management Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015-03
Post-apartheid geographies of studentification at Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
- Authors: Mzileni, Pedro Mihlali
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53758 , vital:45759
- Description: This study takes the concept of studentification from its British conception to the post-apartheid African city, Port Elizabeth (Gqeberha), where the Nelson Mandela University is situated. Studentification refers to the mass arrival of students in university cities and towns and the economic, infrastructural, geographic and sociopolitical changes that the settlements of these students make overtime to such cities and towns. For the case of Nelson Mandela University in Port Elizabeth, this study identified four major areas that are engulfed by studentification and sought to understand how this phenomenon takes shape in them. The study extends the existing terms and languages used to comprehend studentification by introducing a viewpoint of how it emerges in an African post-apartheid city. This is a city that has deindustrialised and has also experienced a capital flight out of its city centre since the 1970s. These declining economic indicators over decades have left the city to decay and experience high rates of unemployment, poverty and housing displacements. But, the post-1994 massification of the South African higher education system introduced new micro-economies for the city mainly through the emergence of student accommodation as a thriving business opportunity in the city in light of increased university enrolments. However, the economic injection brought by student accommodation in this city that has been deindustrialising remains minimal in having the necessary power to turnaround the city’s fortunes and transform the urban space towards a developmental path. This socioeconomic problem is also compounded by the presence of a weak arm of the state (particularly local government) that is unable to play an active role in driving capital flows to deliver tangible urban development. As a result, the university emerges as one of the active public actors in the renewal efforts of the city even though this is not its primary mandate. Thus, the process of studentification in this case takes place in a context defined by a declining higher education political economy and a weak city planning regime. As a result, these factors leave studentification to be vulnerable to being impacted by old colonial-apartheid structures of the city and the economic shortfalls of post-apartheid urban South Africa that have produced a precarious urban space where the private property market and the illicit economy have a stronger hand in determining the power relations that emerge in the city space. Studentification in this African city is expressed in four major geographies: (1) the Summerstrand suburb that is nearest to the University’s main urban campuses, (2) the Central CBD that has experienced capital flight and currently has tall buildings that are former offices of apartheid commerce which have been converted to student accommodation, (3) the deindustrialised and abandoned manufacturing sites at the North End margins of the city which have also been converted to student accommodation, and (4) the Zwide township, an underprivileged black community that is close to the former black Missionvale campus of the University – this is the furthest student accommodation area in the city. The study examines these student communities that emerge out of these four identified areas of the urban space and it also underscores the genre of the political, social, and economic relations of each of these four geographies and their interconnectedness. The study found that the South African post-apartheid city is characterised by an urban model and a university campus design that is a structural outcome of colonisation, apartheid spatial planning, and racial capitalism that still has continuing legacies today. As a result, these four geographies of studentification in the city are historical, racial and economic outcomes of urban power relations that originate from colonialism. Key defining features of studentification in each of these four areas were identified and analysed to illustrate that the South African account of studentification resembles the city’s apartheid legacy and these untransformed urban structures get further compounded by the country’s underfunded higher education massification strategy, its declining economic indicators and a weak state that has ‘soft’ planning and governance systems that are unable to decisively impact the trajectory of socioeconomic development in this university city. These intersecting forces translate into precarious day-to-day student life experiences and structural complications for the governance of the University and the city. These socioeconomic misfortunes also handicap the potential of the city to renew through a studentification economy. Henri Lefebvre’s Production of Space Theory was utilised to frame the study. Methodologically, the study utilised qualitative narrative interviews and document interpretation. This is the first doctoral thesis written about the concept of studentification in South Africa. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, The Department of Sociology and Anthropology, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
- Authors: Mzileni, Pedro Mihlali
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53758 , vital:45759
- Description: This study takes the concept of studentification from its British conception to the post-apartheid African city, Port Elizabeth (Gqeberha), where the Nelson Mandela University is situated. Studentification refers to the mass arrival of students in university cities and towns and the economic, infrastructural, geographic and sociopolitical changes that the settlements of these students make overtime to such cities and towns. For the case of Nelson Mandela University in Port Elizabeth, this study identified four major areas that are engulfed by studentification and sought to understand how this phenomenon takes shape in them. The study extends the existing terms and languages used to comprehend studentification by introducing a viewpoint of how it emerges in an African post-apartheid city. This is a city that has deindustrialised and has also experienced a capital flight out of its city centre since the 1970s. These declining economic indicators over decades have left the city to decay and experience high rates of unemployment, poverty and housing displacements. But, the post-1994 massification of the South African higher education system introduced new micro-economies for the city mainly through the emergence of student accommodation as a thriving business opportunity in the city in light of increased university enrolments. However, the economic injection brought by student accommodation in this city that has been deindustrialising remains minimal in having the necessary power to turnaround the city’s fortunes and transform the urban space towards a developmental path. This socioeconomic problem is also compounded by the presence of a weak arm of the state (particularly local government) that is unable to play an active role in driving capital flows to deliver tangible urban development. As a result, the university emerges as one of the active public actors in the renewal efforts of the city even though this is not its primary mandate. Thus, the process of studentification in this case takes place in a context defined by a declining higher education political economy and a weak city planning regime. As a result, these factors leave studentification to be vulnerable to being impacted by old colonial-apartheid structures of the city and the economic shortfalls of post-apartheid urban South Africa that have produced a precarious urban space where the private property market and the illicit economy have a stronger hand in determining the power relations that emerge in the city space. Studentification in this African city is expressed in four major geographies: (1) the Summerstrand suburb that is nearest to the University’s main urban campuses, (2) the Central CBD that has experienced capital flight and currently has tall buildings that are former offices of apartheid commerce which have been converted to student accommodation, (3) the deindustrialised and abandoned manufacturing sites at the North End margins of the city which have also been converted to student accommodation, and (4) the Zwide township, an underprivileged black community that is close to the former black Missionvale campus of the University – this is the furthest student accommodation area in the city. The study examines these student communities that emerge out of these four identified areas of the urban space and it also underscores the genre of the political, social, and economic relations of each of these four geographies and their interconnectedness. The study found that the South African post-apartheid city is characterised by an urban model and a university campus design that is a structural outcome of colonisation, apartheid spatial planning, and racial capitalism that still has continuing legacies today. As a result, these four geographies of studentification in the city are historical, racial and economic outcomes of urban power relations that originate from colonialism. Key defining features of studentification in each of these four areas were identified and analysed to illustrate that the South African account of studentification resembles the city’s apartheid legacy and these untransformed urban structures get further compounded by the country’s underfunded higher education massification strategy, its declining economic indicators and a weak state that has ‘soft’ planning and governance systems that are unable to decisively impact the trajectory of socioeconomic development in this university city. These intersecting forces translate into precarious day-to-day student life experiences and structural complications for the governance of the University and the city. These socioeconomic misfortunes also handicap the potential of the city to renew through a studentification economy. Henri Lefebvre’s Production of Space Theory was utilised to frame the study. Methodologically, the study utilised qualitative narrative interviews and document interpretation. This is the first doctoral thesis written about the concept of studentification in South Africa. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, The Department of Sociology and Anthropology, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
Corrosion and hydrogen resistant modified zirlo surfaces for nuclear fuel cladding
- Authors: Ngongo, Sinoyolo
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54077 , vital:46252
- Description: Zirconium (Zr) alloys are used as fuel cladding material in all modern water cooled commercial nuclear reactors. Zr alloys have many desirable properties for the nuclear reactor core environment, however, it also has a weakness in that overheated zirconium alloy fuel rods react with hot steam resulting in the release of hydrogen. High temperatures increase the oxidation rate and hence the hydrogen production rate which in turn increase the risk of a hydrogen gas explosion such as what is surmised to have happened in the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant incident. The some of the hydrogen produced will also diffuse into the zirconium alloy and form zirconium hydrides which will weaken the original zirconium alloy material. The development of accident tolerant fuel became a major focus area after the Fukushima event in March 2011 with the U.S. congress directing the U.S. Department of Energy to develop fuel with enhanced accident tolerance at high temperatures. The main objective in the case of zirconium alloy cladding has been the modification of cladding surface layers by coating or doping in order to reduce the oxidation rate and hydrogen generation rate by the reaction of steam with zirconium alloy cladding at high temperatures. This thesis focuses on two surface modifications to decrease the surface corrosion rate of ZIRLOTM (the Zr alloy used in this study) and reduce hydrogen uptake by ZIRLO. The first modification involves an oxidation-resistant nano-crystalline diamond (NCD) film deposited on ZIRLO. The NCD layer was deposited in a microwave plasma-enhanced linear antenna chemical vapor deposition (MW-LA-PECVD) system after immersion of the ZIRLO tubes in a water-based solution containing nanodiamonds. ZIRLO tube samples were coated with 200 nm and 500 nm thick NCD layers. The 200 nm thick NCD coated ZIRLO was kept as control sample whereas the 500 nm thick NCD coated ZIRLO was exposed to steam oxidation at 360 °C for 90 days. The results revealed that the NCD exfoliated in some areas leaving the ZIRLO exposed to the steam. In the areas where the diamond did not exfoliate, the diamond was still attached to the ZIRLO with an amorphous carbon layer present between the NCD and the zirconium oxide layer.The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results of this study indicate the presence a sp3 – hybridised diamond phase for the NCD layer as well as an intermediate amorphous carbon layer between the NCD and ZrO2 layers. Analyses of the area where the NCD layer had exfoliated showed no evidence of an NCD layer. It is possible that the amorphous carbon layer between the diamond and the zirconium oxide is responsible for weak interfacial bonding leading to partial exfoliation during oxidation in steam 360 °C for 90 days. In the second modification, the effectiveness of a Cr doped ZrO2 layer to reduce the migration rate of hydrogen in ZrO2 was investigated. The ZIRLO tube used for this part of the study did not have a thin oxide passivation surface layer. Two different procedures were used to create chromium doped zirconium oxide surface layers on ZIRLO. The ZIRLO surface was coated with chromium using cathodic arc deposition followed compression plasma flow (CPF) treatment to facilitate intermixing of the Cr and the ZIRLO. In procedure 1, the surface modification was achieved through the incorporation of chromium into the zirconium surface layer using a compression plasma flow (CPF) technique, followed by the oxidation of the chromium doped zirconium. The oxidation process was conducted at 500 °C for 6 hours. In procedure 2, the chromium was incorporated into the zirconium oxide layer again using the CPF technique. Hydrogen desorption was measured from pure ZIRLO and CPF modified samples using a special gas reaction controller system. The key finding of the results is that the chromium doped (incorporated) zirconium oxide layer on ZIRLO sample exhibited the lowest hydrogen desorption rate of all the samples analysed. This indicates that H in the Cr doped zirconium oxide layer had the lowest mobility of all the samples investigated. This is consistent with the theoretical predictions that the doping of ZrO2 by Cr reduces the solubility of hydrogen in ZrO2. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, School of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-12
- Authors: Ngongo, Sinoyolo
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54077 , vital:46252
- Description: Zirconium (Zr) alloys are used as fuel cladding material in all modern water cooled commercial nuclear reactors. Zr alloys have many desirable properties for the nuclear reactor core environment, however, it also has a weakness in that overheated zirconium alloy fuel rods react with hot steam resulting in the release of hydrogen. High temperatures increase the oxidation rate and hence the hydrogen production rate which in turn increase the risk of a hydrogen gas explosion such as what is surmised to have happened in the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant incident. The some of the hydrogen produced will also diffuse into the zirconium alloy and form zirconium hydrides which will weaken the original zirconium alloy material. The development of accident tolerant fuel became a major focus area after the Fukushima event in March 2011 with the U.S. congress directing the U.S. Department of Energy to develop fuel with enhanced accident tolerance at high temperatures. The main objective in the case of zirconium alloy cladding has been the modification of cladding surface layers by coating or doping in order to reduce the oxidation rate and hydrogen generation rate by the reaction of steam with zirconium alloy cladding at high temperatures. This thesis focuses on two surface modifications to decrease the surface corrosion rate of ZIRLOTM (the Zr alloy used in this study) and reduce hydrogen uptake by ZIRLO. The first modification involves an oxidation-resistant nano-crystalline diamond (NCD) film deposited on ZIRLO. The NCD layer was deposited in a microwave plasma-enhanced linear antenna chemical vapor deposition (MW-LA-PECVD) system after immersion of the ZIRLO tubes in a water-based solution containing nanodiamonds. ZIRLO tube samples were coated with 200 nm and 500 nm thick NCD layers. The 200 nm thick NCD coated ZIRLO was kept as control sample whereas the 500 nm thick NCD coated ZIRLO was exposed to steam oxidation at 360 °C for 90 days. The results revealed that the NCD exfoliated in some areas leaving the ZIRLO exposed to the steam. In the areas where the diamond did not exfoliate, the diamond was still attached to the ZIRLO with an amorphous carbon layer present between the NCD and the zirconium oxide layer.The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results of this study indicate the presence a sp3 – hybridised diamond phase for the NCD layer as well as an intermediate amorphous carbon layer between the NCD and ZrO2 layers. Analyses of the area where the NCD layer had exfoliated showed no evidence of an NCD layer. It is possible that the amorphous carbon layer between the diamond and the zirconium oxide is responsible for weak interfacial bonding leading to partial exfoliation during oxidation in steam 360 °C for 90 days. In the second modification, the effectiveness of a Cr doped ZrO2 layer to reduce the migration rate of hydrogen in ZrO2 was investigated. The ZIRLO tube used for this part of the study did not have a thin oxide passivation surface layer. Two different procedures were used to create chromium doped zirconium oxide surface layers on ZIRLO. The ZIRLO surface was coated with chromium using cathodic arc deposition followed compression plasma flow (CPF) treatment to facilitate intermixing of the Cr and the ZIRLO. In procedure 1, the surface modification was achieved through the incorporation of chromium into the zirconium surface layer using a compression plasma flow (CPF) technique, followed by the oxidation of the chromium doped zirconium. The oxidation process was conducted at 500 °C for 6 hours. In procedure 2, the chromium was incorporated into the zirconium oxide layer again using the CPF technique. Hydrogen desorption was measured from pure ZIRLO and CPF modified samples using a special gas reaction controller system. The key finding of the results is that the chromium doped (incorporated) zirconium oxide layer on ZIRLO sample exhibited the lowest hydrogen desorption rate of all the samples analysed. This indicates that H in the Cr doped zirconium oxide layer had the lowest mobility of all the samples investigated. This is consistent with the theoretical predictions that the doping of ZrO2 by Cr reduces the solubility of hydrogen in ZrO2. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, School of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-12
Bicultural voice in three works
- Authors: Nkuna, Musa Duke
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54607 , vital:46769
- Description: This portfolio of compositions is made up of two parts: Part one is a commentary on the works presented in the portfolio. As required by Nelson Mandela University for the degree of DMus, the commentary is a descriptive narrative, rather than an analysis, of the works. It forms a basic guide for the listener as to how these works were conceived and constructed, and how both African and Western music elements have been used in order to achieve a syncretism. My commentary endeavours to show the compositional techniques applied when writing these works, and how my cultural interactions, music training and experience as a professional opera singer influence my compositional output. Part two contains the creative content of the portfolio: a set of scores of the three works themselves, as well as accompanying recordings of these works, with a total duration of ca. 100 minutes of music. It forms the main part of the submission. , Thesis (DMA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Department of Music and Performing Arts, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
- Authors: Nkuna, Musa Duke
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54607 , vital:46769
- Description: This portfolio of compositions is made up of two parts: Part one is a commentary on the works presented in the portfolio. As required by Nelson Mandela University for the degree of DMus, the commentary is a descriptive narrative, rather than an analysis, of the works. It forms a basic guide for the listener as to how these works were conceived and constructed, and how both African and Western music elements have been used in order to achieve a syncretism. My commentary endeavours to show the compositional techniques applied when writing these works, and how my cultural interactions, music training and experience as a professional opera singer influence my compositional output. Part two contains the creative content of the portfolio: a set of scores of the three works themselves, as well as accompanying recordings of these works, with a total duration of ca. 100 minutes of music. It forms the main part of the submission. , Thesis (DMA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Department of Music and Performing Arts, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
A framework to integrate social entrepreneurship into development planning in South Africa
- Authors: Nwauche, Sokeibelemaye
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52982 , vital:44881
- Description: The thesis presents a framework to integrate social entrepreneurship (SE) into development planning in South Africa. Even though there is no consensus on a universally accepted definition of the term, there is concurrence that SE brings about social change that can influence the overall development of the community. In South Africa, SE is thus conceived of as one of the mechanisms for addressing the wicked and persistent socio-economic challenges that face the country. Social entrepreneurship occurs in areas such as education, health, skills development, youth programmes, rehabilitation, safety, food security, poverty, job creation, human rights activism, environmental issues, arts and culture, among others. However, it remains unclear how SE is integrated into the development planning and implementation processes. Questions of integrating SE into development planning are asked within the context of South Africa as a democratic developmental state that intervenes in the development process. It emphasises the mobilization of and engagement with all sectors towards the achievement of its development objectives as articulated in the national development plan (NDP). Also, government recognizes organizations in the social enterprise sector (such as NPOs and NPCs) as stakeholders and development partners who deliver relevant services towards the achievement of these development objectives. However, there is a lack of framework to mobilize and integrate the social enterprise sector and SE into the development planning process. Social entrepreneurship, therefore, tends to occur in insolation from other development programmes. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Nwauche, Sokeibelemaye
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52982 , vital:44881
- Description: The thesis presents a framework to integrate social entrepreneurship (SE) into development planning in South Africa. Even though there is no consensus on a universally accepted definition of the term, there is concurrence that SE brings about social change that can influence the overall development of the community. In South Africa, SE is thus conceived of as one of the mechanisms for addressing the wicked and persistent socio-economic challenges that face the country. Social entrepreneurship occurs in areas such as education, health, skills development, youth programmes, rehabilitation, safety, food security, poverty, job creation, human rights activism, environmental issues, arts and culture, among others. However, it remains unclear how SE is integrated into the development planning and implementation processes. Questions of integrating SE into development planning are asked within the context of South Africa as a democratic developmental state that intervenes in the development process. It emphasises the mobilization of and engagement with all sectors towards the achievement of its development objectives as articulated in the national development plan (NDP). Also, government recognizes organizations in the social enterprise sector (such as NPOs and NPCs) as stakeholders and development partners who deliver relevant services towards the achievement of these development objectives. However, there is a lack of framework to mobilize and integrate the social enterprise sector and SE into the development planning process. Social entrepreneurship, therefore, tends to occur in insolation from other development programmes. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Spatial fisheries management options for inclusion in marine spatial planning in South Africa
- Authors: Reed, Jodie Romay
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52068 , vital:43451
- Description: Integration of sectoral based management into a coherent and coordinated spatial management framework is one of the central challenges of marine spatial planning ȋMSPȌǤ MSP initiatives aim to provide operational frameworks to promote sustainable use of the economic potential of the ocean while maintaining the value of marine biodiversity and the integrity of marine ecosystems to provide servicesǤ The ecosystem services associated with fisheries in terms of food and job provision are some of the most well recognised and highly valued in the marine realm and maintaining these benefits depends on a holistic understanding of the ecosystemǡ human uses and the management thereofǡ including areaǦbased managementǤ In ͲͰͱǡ South Africa was the first African country to enact MSP legislationǤ The development of MSP was advanced through a Presidential ocean economy initiative ȋOperation Phakisaǣ Oceans EconomyȌ that aimed to fast track marine transport and manufacturingǡ aquacultureǡ and the development of oil and gasǡ small harbourǡ and coastal and marine tourismǤ A dedicated ocean governance component was included to develop an overarchingǡ integrated ocean governance frameworkǤ The absence of fisheries in the plans and initiatives was conspicuousǤ The implementation of MSPǡ howeverǡ provides an opportunity to safeguard the ecosystem services provided by fisheries but only if the interests of fisheries can be adequately reflected in spatial plans and analysesǤ Furthermoreǡ the implementation of MSP may provide new opportunities for innovation in spatial approaches to local fisheries management that could address numerous spatial conflicts that have been reportedǤ Integration of spatial fisheries management approaches into MSP can also support the implementation of ecosystemǦbased management ȋEBMȌǡ by including mechanisms such as habitat protectionǡ effective management of areas important for vulnerable life history stagesǡ and bycatch managementǤ This study aimed to identifyǡ assess and further develop spatial management options for fisheries to facilitate the integration of fisheries management and MSPǤ This was achieved by firstlyǡ identifying existing spatial management instruments and assessing the way in which these instruments may be implemented to support spatial fisheries managementǤ Secondlyǡ the application of two contrasting spatial management optionsǡ applied to two pelagic fisheriesǡ was examined to assess their effectiveness at achieving fisheries management objectives with a focus on bycatch reductionǡ while minimising the costs to the fisheries. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Ocean Sciences, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Reed, Jodie Romay
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52068 , vital:43451
- Description: Integration of sectoral based management into a coherent and coordinated spatial management framework is one of the central challenges of marine spatial planning ȋMSPȌǤ MSP initiatives aim to provide operational frameworks to promote sustainable use of the economic potential of the ocean while maintaining the value of marine biodiversity and the integrity of marine ecosystems to provide servicesǤ The ecosystem services associated with fisheries in terms of food and job provision are some of the most well recognised and highly valued in the marine realm and maintaining these benefits depends on a holistic understanding of the ecosystemǡ human uses and the management thereofǡ including areaǦbased managementǤ In ͲͰͱǡ South Africa was the first African country to enact MSP legislationǤ The development of MSP was advanced through a Presidential ocean economy initiative ȋOperation Phakisaǣ Oceans EconomyȌ that aimed to fast track marine transport and manufacturingǡ aquacultureǡ and the development of oil and gasǡ small harbourǡ and coastal and marine tourismǤ A dedicated ocean governance component was included to develop an overarchingǡ integrated ocean governance frameworkǤ The absence of fisheries in the plans and initiatives was conspicuousǤ The implementation of MSPǡ howeverǡ provides an opportunity to safeguard the ecosystem services provided by fisheries but only if the interests of fisheries can be adequately reflected in spatial plans and analysesǤ Furthermoreǡ the implementation of MSP may provide new opportunities for innovation in spatial approaches to local fisheries management that could address numerous spatial conflicts that have been reportedǤ Integration of spatial fisheries management approaches into MSP can also support the implementation of ecosystemǦbased management ȋEBMȌǡ by including mechanisms such as habitat protectionǡ effective management of areas important for vulnerable life history stagesǡ and bycatch managementǤ This study aimed to identifyǡ assess and further develop spatial management options for fisheries to facilitate the integration of fisheries management and MSPǤ This was achieved by firstlyǡ identifying existing spatial management instruments and assessing the way in which these instruments may be implemented to support spatial fisheries managementǤ Secondlyǡ the application of two contrasting spatial management optionsǡ applied to two pelagic fisheriesǡ was examined to assess their effectiveness at achieving fisheries management objectives with a focus on bycatch reductionǡ while minimising the costs to the fisheries. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Ocean Sciences, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04