Indigenisation and participatory development in Zimbabwe: the case of the indigenisation and empowerment policy
- Musasa, Gabriel https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1906-5624
- Authors: Musasa, Gabriel https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1906-5624
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Community development -- Zimbabwe , Zimbabwe -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/20359 , vital:45657
- Description: The study analysed the Indigenisation and Economic Empowerment Programme (IEEP) with regard to majority participation and its implementation, given the unfriendly macroeconomic and international environment the country is currently facing. The IEEP is claimed to be addressing poverty and seeking to promote economic participation of indigenous Zimbabweans, particularly targeting women, youth and disabled sections of society. The main aim of the study was to analyse the outcomes of the IEEP with regard to creating space for participation and to promote social justice of Zimbabwean nationals in the main economic sectors of the country, which are agriculture, manufacturing, mining and tourism. Using a qualitative approach, this study analysed the perspectives of government, non-governmental organisations, academics and the marginalised groups of women, disabled and youth in Zimbabwe through interviews and focus group discussions. The data from the fieldwork was analysed using the thematic approach. The findings revealed that a new elite of black entrepreneurs has emerged and foreign capital is diminishing, with limited success being attributed to policy outputs, particularly the community share ownership schemes and employee share ownership scheme. However, the policy did not produce positive outcomes as expected, owing to lack of policy clarity, heavy politicisation and political manoeuvring, as well as lack of information, education and training. Further problems were corruption, lack of support for beneficiaries, lack of funding, the unfavourable macro-economic environment, the liquidity crisis, limited access to credit facilities, broken internal politics and exclusion, lack of monitoring and evaluation, economic sanctions and international isolation. The programme fell victim to improper association and some institutional inertia. Participation in the IEEP, as implied in the social justice approach, does not fully embrace attainment of basic liberties and equality of opportunity, mainly because of the patterns of accumulation, dispossession, economic structures and social relations that are politicised. Elite capture, ethnic and regional segregation, the macro-economic environment and the narrow focus on the formal sector that led to the collapse of industry are the major hurdles to participation. Efforts to facilitate equality of opportunity for women and people with disabilities are heavily subdued by the lack of good institutional support that may enable meaningful participation and possibly yield better outcomes for the worst off in society. The IEEP has failed to redress the inequalities inherent in Zimbabwean economy, with evidence from the findings that the majority cannot take the opportunities that are offered by the programme. The study identified a way forward on how participation can be incorporated in the comprehensive framework for socio-economic development in Zimbabwe through a menu of intervention, giving direction to what needs to be done for individuals and communities to participate in the IEEP in a meaningful way. In particular, this will involve land entitlement, promoting innovation in global value chains, a hybridised two-pathway model of indigenisation, a disability intervention model, and a sustainable model of community share ownership schemes. These interventions are ideal for bringing about the desired aspiration of transformation in a sustainable way in Zimbabwe, as well as fostering social justice for people with disabilities. , Thesis (DPhil) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Musasa, Gabriel https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1906-5624
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Community development -- Zimbabwe , Zimbabwe -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/20359 , vital:45657
- Description: The study analysed the Indigenisation and Economic Empowerment Programme (IEEP) with regard to majority participation and its implementation, given the unfriendly macroeconomic and international environment the country is currently facing. The IEEP is claimed to be addressing poverty and seeking to promote economic participation of indigenous Zimbabweans, particularly targeting women, youth and disabled sections of society. The main aim of the study was to analyse the outcomes of the IEEP with regard to creating space for participation and to promote social justice of Zimbabwean nationals in the main economic sectors of the country, which are agriculture, manufacturing, mining and tourism. Using a qualitative approach, this study analysed the perspectives of government, non-governmental organisations, academics and the marginalised groups of women, disabled and youth in Zimbabwe through interviews and focus group discussions. The data from the fieldwork was analysed using the thematic approach. The findings revealed that a new elite of black entrepreneurs has emerged and foreign capital is diminishing, with limited success being attributed to policy outputs, particularly the community share ownership schemes and employee share ownership scheme. However, the policy did not produce positive outcomes as expected, owing to lack of policy clarity, heavy politicisation and political manoeuvring, as well as lack of information, education and training. Further problems were corruption, lack of support for beneficiaries, lack of funding, the unfavourable macro-economic environment, the liquidity crisis, limited access to credit facilities, broken internal politics and exclusion, lack of monitoring and evaluation, economic sanctions and international isolation. The programme fell victim to improper association and some institutional inertia. Participation in the IEEP, as implied in the social justice approach, does not fully embrace attainment of basic liberties and equality of opportunity, mainly because of the patterns of accumulation, dispossession, economic structures and social relations that are politicised. Elite capture, ethnic and regional segregation, the macro-economic environment and the narrow focus on the formal sector that led to the collapse of industry are the major hurdles to participation. Efforts to facilitate equality of opportunity for women and people with disabilities are heavily subdued by the lack of good institutional support that may enable meaningful participation and possibly yield better outcomes for the worst off in society. The IEEP has failed to redress the inequalities inherent in Zimbabwean economy, with evidence from the findings that the majority cannot take the opportunities that are offered by the programme. The study identified a way forward on how participation can be incorporated in the comprehensive framework for socio-economic development in Zimbabwe through a menu of intervention, giving direction to what needs to be done for individuals and communities to participate in the IEEP in a meaningful way. In particular, this will involve land entitlement, promoting innovation in global value chains, a hybridised two-pathway model of indigenisation, a disability intervention model, and a sustainable model of community share ownership schemes. These interventions are ideal for bringing about the desired aspiration of transformation in a sustainable way in Zimbabwe, as well as fostering social justice for people with disabilities. , Thesis (DPhil) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
The sustainability of international labour organisation’s youth empowerment programme in Harare
- Authors: Muradya, Thelma Irene
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Youth in development -- Zimbabwe -- Harare , Youth -- Employment -- Zimbabwe -- Harare , Community development -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/41592 , vital:36543
- Description: The study evaluated the sustainability of the International Labour Organisation’s ‘Skills for youth employment and rural development’ programme in Harare. The purpose of the study was to understand the reasons behind the rise of youth unemployment despite many interventions targeting youth being implemented within the country. Youth contribute to the development of nations if presented with opportunities. Also, the economy of Zimbabwe is highly informal; hence the need to assess the long term impact made by strengthening the skills of the youth through informal apprenticeships and if there were possibilities of growth within their businesses. Sustainability issues were therefore critical in addressing problems faced by youth empowerment initiatives, so as to ensure that beneficiaries of programs attain long term benefits in future and that future programmes can also make sustainability their core focus. This mixed method study utilised interviews with youth beneficiaries and an ILO official in Harare as well as document analysis to gather data about the programme. The findings indicated that despite the programme achieving its targeted objectives and providing skills within the various sectors as well as business and leadership skills, majority of youth remain unemployed. This is mostly attributed to a lack of financial support to start or grow businesses, politicisation of programmes and the unstable state of the Zimbabwean economy which is not favourable for the survival and growth of small businesses. The researcher recommended increased government participation and collaboration with the private sector to promote youth businesses and tackle unemployment in a holistic manner. Promotion of economic growth and stability, depolitising empowerment programmes and strengthening monitoring and evaluation systems are also crucial to achieve real impact in youth development initiatives. Furthermore, providing financial support, will aid in starting and sustaining businesses, after training.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Muradya, Thelma Irene
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Youth in development -- Zimbabwe -- Harare , Youth -- Employment -- Zimbabwe -- Harare , Community development -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/41592 , vital:36543
- Description: The study evaluated the sustainability of the International Labour Organisation’s ‘Skills for youth employment and rural development’ programme in Harare. The purpose of the study was to understand the reasons behind the rise of youth unemployment despite many interventions targeting youth being implemented within the country. Youth contribute to the development of nations if presented with opportunities. Also, the economy of Zimbabwe is highly informal; hence the need to assess the long term impact made by strengthening the skills of the youth through informal apprenticeships and if there were possibilities of growth within their businesses. Sustainability issues were therefore critical in addressing problems faced by youth empowerment initiatives, so as to ensure that beneficiaries of programs attain long term benefits in future and that future programmes can also make sustainability their core focus. This mixed method study utilised interviews with youth beneficiaries and an ILO official in Harare as well as document analysis to gather data about the programme. The findings indicated that despite the programme achieving its targeted objectives and providing skills within the various sectors as well as business and leadership skills, majority of youth remain unemployed. This is mostly attributed to a lack of financial support to start or grow businesses, politicisation of programmes and the unstable state of the Zimbabwean economy which is not favourable for the survival and growth of small businesses. The researcher recommended increased government participation and collaboration with the private sector to promote youth businesses and tackle unemployment in a holistic manner. Promotion of economic growth and stability, depolitising empowerment programmes and strengthening monitoring and evaluation systems are also crucial to achieve real impact in youth development initiatives. Furthermore, providing financial support, will aid in starting and sustaining businesses, after training.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
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