Financial sector development, financial innovation and economic growth: case of a selected SADC countries
- Mpukumpa, Siphosethu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7342-8751
- Authors: Mpukumpa, Siphosethu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7342-8751
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Financial services industry -- Africa, Southern , Investments -- Africa, Southern , Economic development -- Africa, Southern
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26852 , vital:66036
- Description: The financial sector plays a pivotal role in an economy of a country; hence the importance of financial sector development cannot be underestimated. Financial sector development is widely regarded as another conduit through which financial innovation and economic growth can be alleviated. The study firstly empirically examines the effect of financial sector development on financial innovation and also the impact of financial sector development and financial innovation on economic growth in selected Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries, employing the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) technique for the period 1990 to 2020. Empirical results revealed that financial sector development overall does have an impact on financial innovation in the selected SADC countries. And also, financial sector development together with financial innovation does have an impact on economic growth in the selected SADC countries. However, on the relationship between financial system stability, financial innovation and economic growth, results reveal that a stable financial system is beneficial to new technological advancement and improved economic growth. Therefore, the overall findings from the study indicate that financial access or financial inclusion and financial stability is what increases financial innovation and boosts economic growth instead of mere financial sector development at a broader level. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Mpukumpa, Siphosethu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7342-8751
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Financial services industry -- Africa, Southern , Investments -- Africa, Southern , Economic development -- Africa, Southern
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26852 , vital:66036
- Description: The financial sector plays a pivotal role in an economy of a country; hence the importance of financial sector development cannot be underestimated. Financial sector development is widely regarded as another conduit through which financial innovation and economic growth can be alleviated. The study firstly empirically examines the effect of financial sector development on financial innovation and also the impact of financial sector development and financial innovation on economic growth in selected Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries, employing the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) technique for the period 1990 to 2020. Empirical results revealed that financial sector development overall does have an impact on financial innovation in the selected SADC countries. And also, financial sector development together with financial innovation does have an impact on economic growth in the selected SADC countries. However, on the relationship between financial system stability, financial innovation and economic growth, results reveal that a stable financial system is beneficial to new technological advancement and improved economic growth. Therefore, the overall findings from the study indicate that financial access or financial inclusion and financial stability is what increases financial innovation and boosts economic growth instead of mere financial sector development at a broader level. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
Play-based approaches in teaching and learning in selected early childhood development centres in Buffalo City
- November-Mbebe, Faith Bulelwa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6192-785X
- Authors: November-Mbebe, Faith Bulelwa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6192-785X
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Early childhood education -- Activity programs , Play
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26042 , vital:64785
- Description: This study endeavoured to investigate the perspectives of principals and practitioners working in selected early childhood development (ECD) centres in the Buffalo Municipal District in the Eastern Cape, on the use of play-based techniques in educational and pedagogical practices of 3 to 4 years age group. Although most practitioners are aware of the significance of play-based learning, many report experiencing challenges when attempting to incorporate play-based strategies into their teaching of, and lessons aimed at, young children ages 3 to 4 years. For the purpose of ECD, it is recommended that the teaching of, and learning by, young children take the form of play (NCF, DBE, 2015). In this particular research undertaking, a qualitative design approach was adopted. A descriptive case study approach with semi-structured interviews as the key method of data generation was used to study play-based approaches between practitioners and children ages birth to four years at three ECD centres located within the Buffalo City Municipality District. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with the three principals of the ECD centres and six practitioners, during the data-collection phase. Recording of the interviews was done then they were transcribed and thematic coding employed before the data were analysed for themes. The study participants’ responses revealed that the insufficient professional training of practitioners, on play-based approaches, presented a challenge. Play as a way of teaching and developing young children is further hampered by a variety of issues such as poor infrastructure, unqualified practitioners, funding of the ECD centres and lack of relevant resources prevalent in the ECD sector. As the findings indicate, government intervention will facilitate the training of practitioners for in-depth knowledge and understanding of play methodology in ECD, while the sector will benefit from additional funding and infrastructure provision as this has impact on indoor and outdoor play-based activities, as well as the appointment of qualified human resources instead of job seekers. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: November-Mbebe, Faith Bulelwa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6192-785X
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Early childhood education -- Activity programs , Play
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26042 , vital:64785
- Description: This study endeavoured to investigate the perspectives of principals and practitioners working in selected early childhood development (ECD) centres in the Buffalo Municipal District in the Eastern Cape, on the use of play-based techniques in educational and pedagogical practices of 3 to 4 years age group. Although most practitioners are aware of the significance of play-based learning, many report experiencing challenges when attempting to incorporate play-based strategies into their teaching of, and lessons aimed at, young children ages 3 to 4 years. For the purpose of ECD, it is recommended that the teaching of, and learning by, young children take the form of play (NCF, DBE, 2015). In this particular research undertaking, a qualitative design approach was adopted. A descriptive case study approach with semi-structured interviews as the key method of data generation was used to study play-based approaches between practitioners and children ages birth to four years at three ECD centres located within the Buffalo City Municipality District. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with the three principals of the ECD centres and six practitioners, during the data-collection phase. Recording of the interviews was done then they were transcribed and thematic coding employed before the data were analysed for themes. The study participants’ responses revealed that the insufficient professional training of practitioners, on play-based approaches, presented a challenge. Play as a way of teaching and developing young children is further hampered by a variety of issues such as poor infrastructure, unqualified practitioners, funding of the ECD centres and lack of relevant resources prevalent in the ECD sector. As the findings indicate, government intervention will facilitate the training of practitioners for in-depth knowledge and understanding of play methodology in ECD, while the sector will benefit from additional funding and infrastructure provision as this has impact on indoor and outdoor play-based activities, as well as the appointment of qualified human resources instead of job seekers. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
The analysis of social networking sites usage by the public relations management students from Walter Sisulu University: Buffalo city campus (Chiselhurst site)
- Authors: Kwinana, Zingisa. N
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Grahamstown (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27589 , vital:69318
- Description: This study analysed the use of social networking sites by undergraduate Public Relations Management students from Walter Sisulu University, Chiselhurst site. The reason for this study was to seek student’s opinions on what drove them to open SNs accounts, use social networking sites and examine these motivations in relationship to the building blocks of the uses and gratification theory, which are information search or education, selfactualization, socializing and entertainment. A qualitative online questionnaire was employed in this study. 218 questionnaires were sent through to the participants WhatsApp class groups, 168 questionnaires were answered and returned back to the researcher. The discovery of the study was that the participants are diverse in many different ways and made use of social networking sites for many various reasons. Furthermore, this study indicated that the participants were motivated to use social networking sites because they wanted to interact and stay connected with their family, peers and loved ones, and to meet people or create connections. The study argued that the participants’ reasons for use of social networking sites was not only for socialising but also for entertainment, self-actualization get academic and general information. This study concluded that SNs have a meaningful role in the life of a student’s life doing public relations management from Walter Sisulu University, Chiselhurst site. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Kwinana, Zingisa. N
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Grahamstown (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27589 , vital:69318
- Description: This study analysed the use of social networking sites by undergraduate Public Relations Management students from Walter Sisulu University, Chiselhurst site. The reason for this study was to seek student’s opinions on what drove them to open SNs accounts, use social networking sites and examine these motivations in relationship to the building blocks of the uses and gratification theory, which are information search or education, selfactualization, socializing and entertainment. A qualitative online questionnaire was employed in this study. 218 questionnaires were sent through to the participants WhatsApp class groups, 168 questionnaires were answered and returned back to the researcher. The discovery of the study was that the participants are diverse in many different ways and made use of social networking sites for many various reasons. Furthermore, this study indicated that the participants were motivated to use social networking sites because they wanted to interact and stay connected with their family, peers and loved ones, and to meet people or create connections. The study argued that the participants’ reasons for use of social networking sites was not only for socialising but also for entertainment, self-actualization get academic and general information. This study concluded that SNs have a meaningful role in the life of a student’s life doing public relations management from Walter Sisulu University, Chiselhurst site. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
Evaluation of spatial distribution and health risk of pesticide residues in the environmental matrices of buffalo river estuary and their removal using nanosponges and modified cyclodextrins
- Authors: Mdeni, Nonkululeko Landy
- Date: 2023-03
- Subjects: Chemicals , Hazardous substances , Dangerous chemicals
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27629 , vital:69321
- Description: The contamination of lotic ecosystems caused by agricultural, industrial, and anthropogenic activities has attracted the attention of researchers, authorities, and scientists because these waterbodies are of social and economic importance to human livelihoods. Pesticides and insecticides are a group of compounds that are toxic to pests and insects, respectively. Organophosphate pesticides (OPs) can be released into different environmental matrices through several sources including agricultural and urban runoff. They are one of the three main classes of synthetic organic pesticides that are used in agricultural sector and very often end up in other destinations than their target sites. In this study, four OPs, namely, ronnel, malathion, parathion and Durban were investigated. The Buffalo River Estuary, located in East London, is one of most popular areas and the river is a major source of raw water abstraction for three municipalities in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Sediment samples were collected from six points in the estuary and soil samples were taken from a nearby dumpsite in winter and spring seasons of 2021. The physicochemical parameters of the samples including particle size, moisture content, oil and grease and organic carbon were determined. The samples were then extracted by ultra-sonication, the final extracts were analyzed using GC-μECD and the risk quotient (RQ) method was used to evaluate the risk of OP exposure to aquatic organisms. Polymer modified cyclodextrin (β-CD) for the removal of parathion in sediment and soil was synthesized and the morphology of the modified β-CD and vibrations of the synthesized material were determined using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of the OPs investigated were in the range of 0.09 to 2.99 and 0.274 to 9.06 μg/L, respectively. OPs gave a good recovery except for malathion, which had a recovery percentage lower than 70%. Calibration curves were plotted for the four OPs and were linear with relative standard deviations (RSD) ranging from 1.02 to 3.50, and correlation coefficients (R2) ranging from 0.9935 to 0.9972. The mean concentrations for sediments and soil in both seasons varied from 0.00231 to 63.8 μg/g in winter and from 0.0017 to 36.6 μg/g in spring, with malathion being the predominant congener and dursban being the least dominant in both seasons. In winter, the particle size percentages of the sediment and soil samples ranged from 34.4 to 79.4 percentage, 15.4 to 23.9 percentage and from 7.77 to 38.3 percentage for coarse, medium, and fine fractions, respectively. While in spring, the particle size for the course, medium and fine mesh fractions ranged from 37.4 to 74.6 percentage, 14.1 to 25.1 percentage and 12.4 to 35.0 percentage respectively; the percentage moisture content varied from 43.0 to 73.1 in winter, and from 57.1 to 63.4 in spring. In the soil samples, the physicochemical properties were lower in winter except for the n- hexane extractable material (HEM), which significantly decreased in spring from 2.6 to 1.63 mg/kg; while for sediments, the oil and grease ranged from 1.77 to 10.3 mg/kg in winter and from 1.63 to 4.28 mg/kg in spring. The risk quotient method was used to determine the risk of OP exposure to sediment-dwelling organisms and the results obtained indicated that the levels of OPs in this study, especially dursban, can pose a high risk to the organisms in sediments, with RQs higher than ten (˃10) in both winter and summer. The Pearson product-moment correlation showed that parathion had a weak correlation with every other variable except for malathion in winter, whereas in spring, parathion correlated very weakly with malathion; suggesting that products containing parathion are mostly used to control pests found in crops, such as corn and mosquitos, which are most active in the spring season. There was a very strong correlation between dursban and ronnel in spring and winter, implying that an increase in dursban concentration resulted in an increase in the concentration of ronnel. To determine the efficiency of the synthesized adsorbent CD-chitosan-alginate for the removal of Parathion from soil and sediment, different parameters such as concentration, time, pH and dose were varied. The adsorption capacity was found to be highest at pH 2 (99.19 percentage), when 3 mL of the adsorbent was used for 30 minutes. , Thesis (Msci) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-03
- Authors: Mdeni, Nonkululeko Landy
- Date: 2023-03
- Subjects: Chemicals , Hazardous substances , Dangerous chemicals
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27629 , vital:69321
- Description: The contamination of lotic ecosystems caused by agricultural, industrial, and anthropogenic activities has attracted the attention of researchers, authorities, and scientists because these waterbodies are of social and economic importance to human livelihoods. Pesticides and insecticides are a group of compounds that are toxic to pests and insects, respectively. Organophosphate pesticides (OPs) can be released into different environmental matrices through several sources including agricultural and urban runoff. They are one of the three main classes of synthetic organic pesticides that are used in agricultural sector and very often end up in other destinations than their target sites. In this study, four OPs, namely, ronnel, malathion, parathion and Durban were investigated. The Buffalo River Estuary, located in East London, is one of most popular areas and the river is a major source of raw water abstraction for three municipalities in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Sediment samples were collected from six points in the estuary and soil samples were taken from a nearby dumpsite in winter and spring seasons of 2021. The physicochemical parameters of the samples including particle size, moisture content, oil and grease and organic carbon were determined. The samples were then extracted by ultra-sonication, the final extracts were analyzed using GC-μECD and the risk quotient (RQ) method was used to evaluate the risk of OP exposure to aquatic organisms. Polymer modified cyclodextrin (β-CD) for the removal of parathion in sediment and soil was synthesized and the morphology of the modified β-CD and vibrations of the synthesized material were determined using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of the OPs investigated were in the range of 0.09 to 2.99 and 0.274 to 9.06 μg/L, respectively. OPs gave a good recovery except for malathion, which had a recovery percentage lower than 70%. Calibration curves were plotted for the four OPs and were linear with relative standard deviations (RSD) ranging from 1.02 to 3.50, and correlation coefficients (R2) ranging from 0.9935 to 0.9972. The mean concentrations for sediments and soil in both seasons varied from 0.00231 to 63.8 μg/g in winter and from 0.0017 to 36.6 μg/g in spring, with malathion being the predominant congener and dursban being the least dominant in both seasons. In winter, the particle size percentages of the sediment and soil samples ranged from 34.4 to 79.4 percentage, 15.4 to 23.9 percentage and from 7.77 to 38.3 percentage for coarse, medium, and fine fractions, respectively. While in spring, the particle size for the course, medium and fine mesh fractions ranged from 37.4 to 74.6 percentage, 14.1 to 25.1 percentage and 12.4 to 35.0 percentage respectively; the percentage moisture content varied from 43.0 to 73.1 in winter, and from 57.1 to 63.4 in spring. In the soil samples, the physicochemical properties were lower in winter except for the n- hexane extractable material (HEM), which significantly decreased in spring from 2.6 to 1.63 mg/kg; while for sediments, the oil and grease ranged from 1.77 to 10.3 mg/kg in winter and from 1.63 to 4.28 mg/kg in spring. The risk quotient method was used to determine the risk of OP exposure to sediment-dwelling organisms and the results obtained indicated that the levels of OPs in this study, especially dursban, can pose a high risk to the organisms in sediments, with RQs higher than ten (˃10) in both winter and summer. The Pearson product-moment correlation showed that parathion had a weak correlation with every other variable except for malathion in winter, whereas in spring, parathion correlated very weakly with malathion; suggesting that products containing parathion are mostly used to control pests found in crops, such as corn and mosquitos, which are most active in the spring season. There was a very strong correlation between dursban and ronnel in spring and winter, implying that an increase in dursban concentration resulted in an increase in the concentration of ronnel. To determine the efficiency of the synthesized adsorbent CD-chitosan-alginate for the removal of Parathion from soil and sediment, different parameters such as concentration, time, pH and dose were varied. The adsorption capacity was found to be highest at pH 2 (99.19 percentage), when 3 mL of the adsorbent was used for 30 minutes. , Thesis (Msci) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-03
Evaluation of water and sanitation challenges in informal settlements: a case study of Duncan Village, East London, South Africa
- Authors: Munyai, Khodani Keith
- Date: 2023-03
- Subjects: Squatter settlements , Water quality management , Sanitation, Rural
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27721 , vital:69396
- Description: Water and sanitation are basic human needs. It is also a constitutional right for all citizens in South Africa to have access to both water and sanitation. Supply of water and sanitation services in South Africa is characterised by both achievements and challenges. As informed by literature, in South Africa it is evident that water and sanitation still hold many challenges in poor communities, particularly in informal settlements. This study was conducted with the purpose of evaluating water and sanitation challenges in the informal settlements of Duncan Village and make recommendations, where applicable, to the local municipality for possible remedies. Despite the provision of water and sanitation by the Buffalo City Metro Municipality, the study reveals that there are serious water and sanitation challenges in Duncan Village. High water losses, illegal water connections, illegal sanitation connections causing sewer spillages, vandalism of both water and sanitation service infrastructure, and lack of operations and maintenance are identified as the key water and sanitation challenges. According to the findings, the causes of these challenges include the municipality's lack of proper planning for informal settlements; lack of visibility of municipal water and sanitation officials in informal settlements; lack of awareness; lack of public participation; overpopulation; lack of monitoring; and lack of operations and maintenance budget to help keep the provided facilities intact and usable. The study's key recommendations include intense involvement of the municipality and the ward councillors, ownership by the residents, monitoring of water and sanitation facilities, operations and maintenance, and formalising Duncan Village informal settlements. This was accomplished using questionnaires to gather, analyse, and interpret the collected data. The study targeted residents, ward councillors, and a municipal officer from the municipality's Water and Sanitation section as respondents , Thesis (MSci) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-03
- Authors: Munyai, Khodani Keith
- Date: 2023-03
- Subjects: Squatter settlements , Water quality management , Sanitation, Rural
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27721 , vital:69396
- Description: Water and sanitation are basic human needs. It is also a constitutional right for all citizens in South Africa to have access to both water and sanitation. Supply of water and sanitation services in South Africa is characterised by both achievements and challenges. As informed by literature, in South Africa it is evident that water and sanitation still hold many challenges in poor communities, particularly in informal settlements. This study was conducted with the purpose of evaluating water and sanitation challenges in the informal settlements of Duncan Village and make recommendations, where applicable, to the local municipality for possible remedies. Despite the provision of water and sanitation by the Buffalo City Metro Municipality, the study reveals that there are serious water and sanitation challenges in Duncan Village. High water losses, illegal water connections, illegal sanitation connections causing sewer spillages, vandalism of both water and sanitation service infrastructure, and lack of operations and maintenance are identified as the key water and sanitation challenges. According to the findings, the causes of these challenges include the municipality's lack of proper planning for informal settlements; lack of visibility of municipal water and sanitation officials in informal settlements; lack of awareness; lack of public participation; overpopulation; lack of monitoring; and lack of operations and maintenance budget to help keep the provided facilities intact and usable. The study's key recommendations include intense involvement of the municipality and the ward councillors, ownership by the residents, monitoring of water and sanitation facilities, operations and maintenance, and formalising Duncan Village informal settlements. This was accomplished using questionnaires to gather, analyse, and interpret the collected data. The study targeted residents, ward councillors, and a municipal officer from the municipality's Water and Sanitation section as respondents , Thesis (MSci) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-03
Design and development of mobile-based e-Marketing application for communal farmers in Eastern Cape. South Africa.
- Authors: Fatumo, Dare Ebenezer
- Date: 2023-02
- Subjects: Food security , Agriculture , Agriculture -- Technology transfer
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27511 , vital:67421
- Description: The application of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in agriculture can augment farmers' production capabilities, this is a perception for all farmers worldwide, but there are some in communal areas who may not be as exposed to ICT tools as their commercial counterparts in urban areas, especially in developed communities. Food security in any society is a vital measure that should always be treated with high priority since humankind's existence is based on food availability. One major challenge with farmers in communal areas has been the marketing of their farm produce effectively to avoid wastage, get more value, and bridge the gap between themselves and urban commercial farmers. This challenge includes food wastage, untimely information, and market accessibility due to distance restraint. ICT can beused to bring a functional platform to assist this challenge. In this context, communal farmers have a challenge. The aim of this research was to design and develop an easy-to-use mobilebased e-marketing application for marketing farm products for communal farmers in Alice community, South Africa. Before design and development, review of challenges of farmers on the reception and communication of sensitive information pertaining to food security. Effective communication of farm produce baseline information on awareness and adaptation of mobile ICT technology of communal farmers was investigated. A mixed method was used through reviews of literature and as well distribution of questionnaires to get an understanding of the present state of communal farmers’ marketing problems. Furthermore, a prototyping methodology was used in the development of the mobile-based application for this research. The result of this research demonstrated the need for communal farmers to market their farm products at their convenience. An easy-to-use mobile-based e-market application was then developed; the application is an android application that will assist communal farmers in marketing their farm products as soon as they are available to avoid food wastage. The application performance and evaluation assessment indicated that the tool would maximize farm productivity and profitability and, facilitate concise and effective access to the market, as well as eliminate the need for an intermediary. , Thesis (MSci) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-02
- Authors: Fatumo, Dare Ebenezer
- Date: 2023-02
- Subjects: Food security , Agriculture , Agriculture -- Technology transfer
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27511 , vital:67421
- Description: The application of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in agriculture can augment farmers' production capabilities, this is a perception for all farmers worldwide, but there are some in communal areas who may not be as exposed to ICT tools as their commercial counterparts in urban areas, especially in developed communities. Food security in any society is a vital measure that should always be treated with high priority since humankind's existence is based on food availability. One major challenge with farmers in communal areas has been the marketing of their farm produce effectively to avoid wastage, get more value, and bridge the gap between themselves and urban commercial farmers. This challenge includes food wastage, untimely information, and market accessibility due to distance restraint. ICT can beused to bring a functional platform to assist this challenge. In this context, communal farmers have a challenge. The aim of this research was to design and develop an easy-to-use mobilebased e-marketing application for marketing farm products for communal farmers in Alice community, South Africa. Before design and development, review of challenges of farmers on the reception and communication of sensitive information pertaining to food security. Effective communication of farm produce baseline information on awareness and adaptation of mobile ICT technology of communal farmers was investigated. A mixed method was used through reviews of literature and as well distribution of questionnaires to get an understanding of the present state of communal farmers’ marketing problems. Furthermore, a prototyping methodology was used in the development of the mobile-based application for this research. The result of this research demonstrated the need for communal farmers to market their farm products at their convenience. An easy-to-use mobile-based e-market application was then developed; the application is an android application that will assist communal farmers in marketing their farm products as soon as they are available to avoid food wastage. The application performance and evaluation assessment indicated that the tool would maximize farm productivity and profitability and, facilitate concise and effective access to the market, as well as eliminate the need for an intermediary. , Thesis (MSci) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-02
Examining the implementation of the Department of Social Development’s fatherhood strategy by FAMSA
- Authors: Sishuba, Thozama Alicia
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: Grahamstown (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27618 , vital:69320
- Description: This study aimed to exam the implementation of the Department of Social Development’s Fatherhood Strategy by Families South Africa (FAMSA) Eastern Cape. FAMSA is a non-profit organization providing vital services to people in families while providing them with psychosocial and emotional support. FAMSA has been in existence since 1954. To achieve this aim, the study’s objectives were underpinned by understanding the implementation of the Department of Social Development’s Fatherhood Strategy in Buffalo City Metro, establishing FAMSA’s response to the implementation of the Department of Social Development’s Fatherhood Strategy as well as exploring the challenges faced by FAMSA in implementing the Department of Social Development’s Fatherhood Strategy. A qualitative research methodology was implemented to gather information from FAMSA and DSD. Findings from literature revealed that the fatherhood strategy has been a concern worldwide evidenced by the high levels of father-child non-residency. Data from this study revealed that FAMSA had been implementing the programme effectively regardless of numerous challenges that include funding human resources. Conclusively, a lot must be done to advocate for fatherhood. Recommendations also point to the need for several interventions which need to be done in research, social work practice and also policy formulation and development. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023
- Authors: Sishuba, Thozama Alicia
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: Grahamstown (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27618 , vital:69320
- Description: This study aimed to exam the implementation of the Department of Social Development’s Fatherhood Strategy by Families South Africa (FAMSA) Eastern Cape. FAMSA is a non-profit organization providing vital services to people in families while providing them with psychosocial and emotional support. FAMSA has been in existence since 1954. To achieve this aim, the study’s objectives were underpinned by understanding the implementation of the Department of Social Development’s Fatherhood Strategy in Buffalo City Metro, establishing FAMSA’s response to the implementation of the Department of Social Development’s Fatherhood Strategy as well as exploring the challenges faced by FAMSA in implementing the Department of Social Development’s Fatherhood Strategy. A qualitative research methodology was implemented to gather information from FAMSA and DSD. Findings from literature revealed that the fatherhood strategy has been a concern worldwide evidenced by the high levels of father-child non-residency. Data from this study revealed that FAMSA had been implementing the programme effectively regardless of numerous challenges that include funding human resources. Conclusively, a lot must be done to advocate for fatherhood. Recommendations also point to the need for several interventions which need to be done in research, social work practice and also policy formulation and development. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023
Investigation into response of wheat genotypes to drought and optimum conditions in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Mzileni L S
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: Bonanza farms , Wheat , Drought - tolerant plants
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27732 , vital:69397
- Description: Wheat is generally one of the dominant crops globally, being mainly used for human food and livestock feed. Due to climate change, drought makes it challenging to produce enough wheat mostly under dryland production regions in South Africa. Drought stress has severely reduced wheat yield by up to 70 percent, and adversely compromised wheat grain quality. The adoption of drought-tolerant cultivars offers a sustainable and low-cost solution for increasing wheat yields and minimise importing the crop to meet national requirements. The main objective of this study was to investigate the response of different wheat genotypes to drought and optimum conditions in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Forty diverse wheat genotypes were evaluated in this study. The specific objectives were: (i) to evaluate the response of wheat genotypes under optimum and drought-stressed field conditions; (ii) to determine the effect of terminal drought stress on wheat grain quality composition; and (iii) to identify appropriate drought tolerance indices that can be used as selection tools under field conditions. This study was conducted in the field using a 5x8 alpha lattice design, replicated twice under two water regimes (drought and optimum) over two consecutive winter seasons of 2020 and 2021 at two different sites namely University of Fort Hare Research Farm in Alice, and Zanyokwe irrigation scheme in Keiskamahoek. Drought stress was imposed from 50% flowering up to physiological maturity. Data on agro-physiological traits such as duration to heading (DTH); flowering (DTF); maturity (DTM); plant height (HT); spike length (SL); number of spikelets per spike (SPS); kernels per spike (KPS); and grain yield (GY (kg/ha)) was subjected to the analysis of variance using Genstat 18th edition. As the study took place over two sites, a combined ANOVA table revealed significant differences (p0.001) among genotypes, and all interactions such as genotype by water regime (GWR); genotype by seasons (GS) for all studied traits. Notably, the extent and severity of drought differed between geographical regions and between seasons. This necessitated the adoption of the additive main effect and multiplicative interaction analysis (AMMI) for the identification of stable genotypes under two different water regimes over two sites. Regarding grain yield, superior and/or stable genotypes included G5 (4334 kg/ha under optimum, and 2871kg/ha under drought), and G22 (4418 kg/ha under optimum, and 2624kg/ha under drought) at the UFH site. G21 (3194 kg/ha under optimum, and 2938 kg/ha under drought), G33 (2552kg/ha under optimum, and 3810 kg/ha under drought), and G35 (2688 kg/ha under optimum, and 3309 kg/ha under drought) at the ZAN site. Stable genotypes across sites included G21 and G33. There were generally weak correlations between agro-physiological traits and grain yield. From the experiment, grain quality traits such as fixed protein (PF); wet gluten (WG); hectolitre mass (HLM); and thousand kernel weight (TKW) were also examined. A combined ANOVA revealed significant differences (p0.001) among the interaction of genotypes by environments (GE) for all traits except PF. This implies that the performance of wheat genotypes across sites was also different, and therefore, necessitated separate analysis of variance for each site. Significant differences (p0.001) among genotypes (G), water regimes (WR), and the interaction of genotypes by water regime (GWR) were observed for all studied quality traits except PF in both sites. GWR showed no significant differences for TKW in the ZAN site. The stability in the performance of genotypes across water regimes was further determined. G38 was stable for wet gluten; G31 and G26 were stable for PF; G36 was stable for HLM; and G11, G15, and G29 were stable for TKW at the UFH site. G6 was stable for both WG and PF; G13 and G15 were stable for HLM; and G35, G21, and G40 were stable for TKW at the ZAN site. These results suggest that the quality of wheat grains was affected under drought stress conditions except PF. Average grain yield data under both stressed (Ys) and optimum (Yp) conditions was used to compute a number of different drought tolerance indices. These include mean productivity (MP); geometric mean productivity (GMP); harmonic mean (HM); Tolerance index (TOL), stress susceptible index (SSI), sensitive drought index (SDI), and stress tolerance index (STI). The aim was to identify appropriate drought tolerance indices that can be used as selection tools under drought stress. MP, GMP, and HM were the more appropriate indices as they had a strong and positive correlation with grain yield under both drought and optimum conditions. However, genotypes G5, G22, G8, and G21 were more tolerant and stable as they showed high mean values. Based on the results, G19, G16, G2, and G20 were more sensitive to drought as they showed low values of MP, GMP, and HM. Overall, genotype: G5, G21, G22, and G33 are recommended for production under drought and optimum conditions, as they showed stable performance across water regimes. Principal component analysis also revealed that MP, GMP, and HM were the only indices that had positive loadings into the first principal component. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023
- Authors: Mzileni L S
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: Bonanza farms , Wheat , Drought - tolerant plants
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27732 , vital:69397
- Description: Wheat is generally one of the dominant crops globally, being mainly used for human food and livestock feed. Due to climate change, drought makes it challenging to produce enough wheat mostly under dryland production regions in South Africa. Drought stress has severely reduced wheat yield by up to 70 percent, and adversely compromised wheat grain quality. The adoption of drought-tolerant cultivars offers a sustainable and low-cost solution for increasing wheat yields and minimise importing the crop to meet national requirements. The main objective of this study was to investigate the response of different wheat genotypes to drought and optimum conditions in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Forty diverse wheat genotypes were evaluated in this study. The specific objectives were: (i) to evaluate the response of wheat genotypes under optimum and drought-stressed field conditions; (ii) to determine the effect of terminal drought stress on wheat grain quality composition; and (iii) to identify appropriate drought tolerance indices that can be used as selection tools under field conditions. This study was conducted in the field using a 5x8 alpha lattice design, replicated twice under two water regimes (drought and optimum) over two consecutive winter seasons of 2020 and 2021 at two different sites namely University of Fort Hare Research Farm in Alice, and Zanyokwe irrigation scheme in Keiskamahoek. Drought stress was imposed from 50% flowering up to physiological maturity. Data on agro-physiological traits such as duration to heading (DTH); flowering (DTF); maturity (DTM); plant height (HT); spike length (SL); number of spikelets per spike (SPS); kernels per spike (KPS); and grain yield (GY (kg/ha)) was subjected to the analysis of variance using Genstat 18th edition. As the study took place over two sites, a combined ANOVA table revealed significant differences (p0.001) among genotypes, and all interactions such as genotype by water regime (GWR); genotype by seasons (GS) for all studied traits. Notably, the extent and severity of drought differed between geographical regions and between seasons. This necessitated the adoption of the additive main effect and multiplicative interaction analysis (AMMI) for the identification of stable genotypes under two different water regimes over two sites. Regarding grain yield, superior and/or stable genotypes included G5 (4334 kg/ha under optimum, and 2871kg/ha under drought), and G22 (4418 kg/ha under optimum, and 2624kg/ha under drought) at the UFH site. G21 (3194 kg/ha under optimum, and 2938 kg/ha under drought), G33 (2552kg/ha under optimum, and 3810 kg/ha under drought), and G35 (2688 kg/ha under optimum, and 3309 kg/ha under drought) at the ZAN site. Stable genotypes across sites included G21 and G33. There were generally weak correlations between agro-physiological traits and grain yield. From the experiment, grain quality traits such as fixed protein (PF); wet gluten (WG); hectolitre mass (HLM); and thousand kernel weight (TKW) were also examined. A combined ANOVA revealed significant differences (p0.001) among the interaction of genotypes by environments (GE) for all traits except PF. This implies that the performance of wheat genotypes across sites was also different, and therefore, necessitated separate analysis of variance for each site. Significant differences (p0.001) among genotypes (G), water regimes (WR), and the interaction of genotypes by water regime (GWR) were observed for all studied quality traits except PF in both sites. GWR showed no significant differences for TKW in the ZAN site. The stability in the performance of genotypes across water regimes was further determined. G38 was stable for wet gluten; G31 and G26 were stable for PF; G36 was stable for HLM; and G11, G15, and G29 were stable for TKW at the UFH site. G6 was stable for both WG and PF; G13 and G15 were stable for HLM; and G35, G21, and G40 were stable for TKW at the ZAN site. These results suggest that the quality of wheat grains was affected under drought stress conditions except PF. Average grain yield data under both stressed (Ys) and optimum (Yp) conditions was used to compute a number of different drought tolerance indices. These include mean productivity (MP); geometric mean productivity (GMP); harmonic mean (HM); Tolerance index (TOL), stress susceptible index (SSI), sensitive drought index (SDI), and stress tolerance index (STI). The aim was to identify appropriate drought tolerance indices that can be used as selection tools under drought stress. MP, GMP, and HM were the more appropriate indices as they had a strong and positive correlation with grain yield under both drought and optimum conditions. However, genotypes G5, G22, G8, and G21 were more tolerant and stable as they showed high mean values. Based on the results, G19, G16, G2, and G20 were more sensitive to drought as they showed low values of MP, GMP, and HM. Overall, genotype: G5, G21, G22, and G33 are recommended for production under drought and optimum conditions, as they showed stable performance across water regimes. Principal component analysis also revealed that MP, GMP, and HM were the only indices that had positive loadings into the first principal component. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023
An assessment of youth empowerment programmes and job creation opportunities: a case of Mhlontlo Local Municipality
- Authors: Mabono, Tumeka Patricia
- Date: 2023-01
- Subjects: Youth -- Employment -- South Africa , Job creation -- Youth -- South Africa , Youth -- Services for -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26874 , vital:66038
- Description: Youth unemployment is a major policy concern in South Africa. This study aimed to assess youth programmes and job creation opportunities in Mhlontlo Local Municipality. This study intended to: 1. Examine the context, purpose, objectives, assumptions and claims of the national youth empowerment policy on job creation, 2. To assess the implementation of the youth empowerment programs in Mhlontlo Local Municipality for improved job creation, and lastly 3. To provide suitable recommendations on improving youth empowerment programmes and job creation in Mhlontlo Local Municipality. This study adopted a qualitative research design, that included and adapted the use of semi structured interviews and focus groups discussions in the context of COVID 19 regulations. The key findings from the analysis of data included the following – • The Mhlontlo Local Municipality has not developed its own local youth development and empowerment policy. • The design limitations in the theory of change of the National Youth Policy negatively affected the implementation of youth programmes in Mhlontlo Municipality • Mhlontlo Local Municipality’s implementation of youth programme failed to achieve its outcomes of creating a sustainable employment for youth. • There was distinct difference between the espoused views of municipal managers and actual experience of implementation of youth programmes the Mhlontlo Local Municipality that impacted negatively on the implementation of the youth development programme. • Their leadership buy-in and championship for youth development in Mhlontlo Local Municipality from selected managers in the municipality and but not from the political office. • There was lack of transparency and communication mechanisms by Mhlontlo Local Municipality the for-youth participation and engagement with of all stakeholders in decision making. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-01
- Authors: Mabono, Tumeka Patricia
- Date: 2023-01
- Subjects: Youth -- Employment -- South Africa , Job creation -- Youth -- South Africa , Youth -- Services for -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26874 , vital:66038
- Description: Youth unemployment is a major policy concern in South Africa. This study aimed to assess youth programmes and job creation opportunities in Mhlontlo Local Municipality. This study intended to: 1. Examine the context, purpose, objectives, assumptions and claims of the national youth empowerment policy on job creation, 2. To assess the implementation of the youth empowerment programs in Mhlontlo Local Municipality for improved job creation, and lastly 3. To provide suitable recommendations on improving youth empowerment programmes and job creation in Mhlontlo Local Municipality. This study adopted a qualitative research design, that included and adapted the use of semi structured interviews and focus groups discussions in the context of COVID 19 regulations. The key findings from the analysis of data included the following – • The Mhlontlo Local Municipality has not developed its own local youth development and empowerment policy. • The design limitations in the theory of change of the National Youth Policy negatively affected the implementation of youth programmes in Mhlontlo Municipality • Mhlontlo Local Municipality’s implementation of youth programme failed to achieve its outcomes of creating a sustainable employment for youth. • There was distinct difference between the espoused views of municipal managers and actual experience of implementation of youth programmes the Mhlontlo Local Municipality that impacted negatively on the implementation of the youth development programme. • Their leadership buy-in and championship for youth development in Mhlontlo Local Municipality from selected managers in the municipality and but not from the political office. • There was lack of transparency and communication mechanisms by Mhlontlo Local Municipality the for-youth participation and engagement with of all stakeholders in decision making. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-01
An investigation into the effect of dietary protein and fishmeal replacement in juvenile Yellowtail, seriola lalandi (pisces: carangidae) in a recirculating aquaculture system
- Manjingolo, Apelele https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3914-4821
- Authors: Manjingolo, Apelele https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3914-4821
- Date: 2023-01
- Subjects: Yellowtail , Integrated aquaculture , Yellowtail fisheries
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27489 , vital:67332
- Description: The yellowtail kingfish, Seriola lalandi, is a carnivorous species, which require high levels 40 Percent of protein in its diet of which a significant portion comes from fishmeal. Fishmeal is usually the main ingredient when formulating a diet for carnivorous fish because of its high protein content, good digestibility and balanced essential amino acid profile. The use of fishmeal in diet formulations has decreased because of high prices and short supply. Aquaculturists have little alternative but to reduce the amount used or replace it with alternative suitable protein sources. This study aimed to contribute to the optimization of protein requirements and fishmeal replacement in the diet of juvenile yellowtail in a Recirculating Aquaculture System RAS. This study was conducted at the marine finfish farm, Kingfish Enterprises Pty Ltd in the East London Industrial Development Zone ELIDZ in a purpose designed RAS. The first experiment investigated the effect of dietary protein level on survival, growth, food conversion ratio FCR and health of juvenile yellowtail in a RAS. Four iso-calorific diets containing different dietary protein levels 38 Percent , 44 Percent , 50 Percent and 56 Percent were formulated. Each diet was fed to three RAS tanks holding juvenile yellowtail 30 fish per tank for 49 days. Dietary protein levels did not influence survival of juvenile yellowtail. Specific growth rate SGR p equal 0.003) was greater in fish fed 56 Percent protein compared to fish fed 38 Percent protein but there were no differences between the 56 Percent , 50 Percent and 44 Percent protein diets. There were no differences in protein efficiency ratio PER between the four diets. FCR decreased with increasing protein level with fish being fed the 56 Percent protein yielding the lowest FCR 1.26 compared to fish fed 38 Percent protein 1.76 p equal 0.003, however, there was no difference between the 44 Percent , 50 Percent and 56 Percent protein levels. The hepatocytes of fish fed high dietary lipid content diet with 38 Percent and 44 Percent protein showed large lipid vacuole zones in the cytoplasm p greater 0.001. Body protein, ash, moisture, and lipid was not affected by different dietary protein levels. In terms of producing a diet with best growth at the lowest cost, a 44 Percent protein diet is considered as optimal for juvenile yellowtail in RAS. The second experiment investigated the effect of partial and full replacement of fishmeal with a mixture of alternative protein sources chicken meal, blood meal, and soybean meal in equal proportions that are more sustainable and less costly. Four experimental diets were formulated to be iso-nitrogenous 44 Percent protein and iso-calorific 19.50 Mg/Kg as follows: 1 a control diet with fishmeal as the only protein source which was the same formulation as the 44 Percent diet used in the first experiment, 2 control diet in which 33 Percent of fishmeal was replaced with the protein mixture, 3 control diet in which 67 Percent of fishmeal was replaced with the protein mixture and 4 control diet in which 100 Percent of fishmeal was replaced with the protein mixture. Different fishmeal levels in the diets did not have an effect on the survival on juvenile yellowtail. Specific growth rate SGR was greater for fish fed 67 and 100 Percent fishmeal p equal 0.017 compared to fish fed 0 Percent fishmeal. There were, however, no differences in SGR between fish fed 33, 67, and 100 Percent fishmeal. Condition factor CF was significantly affected by the interaction between dietary treatment and time with average values lower at the end of experiment compared to the start of the experiment. On day 28 p equal 0.02 and 49 p equal 0.01, CF of fish fed 67 and 100 Percent fishmeal diet differed significantly from those fed the 0 Percent fishmeal diet but 33, 67, and 100 Percent fishmeal diets did not differ from each other . Feed conversion ratio FCR was significantly affected by fishmeal replacement with fish on fishmeal-containing diets showing lower FCRs compared to those on fishmeal-free diets p equal 0.001. Fish fed diets containing 67 and 100 Percent fishmeal had low PER 0.026 compared to fish fed 0 Percent fishmeal. There were, however, no differences in PER between fish fed 33, 67, and 100 Percent fishmeal. Hepatosomatic index HSI was not affected by levels of fishmeal replacement in the diet. Body protein, ash, moisture, and lipid was not affected by partial and full replacement of fishmeal. The results indicate that full replacement of fishmeal 0 Percent diet had the worst SGR, FCR, and PER. The remaining three diets were statistically similar which suggests that a diet with 33 Percent fishmeal produces as good growth, FCR and PER as 67 and 100 Percent fishmeal diets. However, as there were also similarities in SGR and PER for the 0 and 33 Percent fishmeal diets, it is therefore recommended that future studies focus on the region between 33-67 Percent to find the optimal break point for the various growth indicators. This study has provided foundation for the formulation of yellowtail kingfish diet which is suitable for use in a RAS. , Thesis (MSci) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-01
- Authors: Manjingolo, Apelele https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3914-4821
- Date: 2023-01
- Subjects: Yellowtail , Integrated aquaculture , Yellowtail fisheries
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27489 , vital:67332
- Description: The yellowtail kingfish, Seriola lalandi, is a carnivorous species, which require high levels 40 Percent of protein in its diet of which a significant portion comes from fishmeal. Fishmeal is usually the main ingredient when formulating a diet for carnivorous fish because of its high protein content, good digestibility and balanced essential amino acid profile. The use of fishmeal in diet formulations has decreased because of high prices and short supply. Aquaculturists have little alternative but to reduce the amount used or replace it with alternative suitable protein sources. This study aimed to contribute to the optimization of protein requirements and fishmeal replacement in the diet of juvenile yellowtail in a Recirculating Aquaculture System RAS. This study was conducted at the marine finfish farm, Kingfish Enterprises Pty Ltd in the East London Industrial Development Zone ELIDZ in a purpose designed RAS. The first experiment investigated the effect of dietary protein level on survival, growth, food conversion ratio FCR and health of juvenile yellowtail in a RAS. Four iso-calorific diets containing different dietary protein levels 38 Percent , 44 Percent , 50 Percent and 56 Percent were formulated. Each diet was fed to three RAS tanks holding juvenile yellowtail 30 fish per tank for 49 days. Dietary protein levels did not influence survival of juvenile yellowtail. Specific growth rate SGR p equal 0.003) was greater in fish fed 56 Percent protein compared to fish fed 38 Percent protein but there were no differences between the 56 Percent , 50 Percent and 44 Percent protein diets. There were no differences in protein efficiency ratio PER between the four diets. FCR decreased with increasing protein level with fish being fed the 56 Percent protein yielding the lowest FCR 1.26 compared to fish fed 38 Percent protein 1.76 p equal 0.003, however, there was no difference between the 44 Percent , 50 Percent and 56 Percent protein levels. The hepatocytes of fish fed high dietary lipid content diet with 38 Percent and 44 Percent protein showed large lipid vacuole zones in the cytoplasm p greater 0.001. Body protein, ash, moisture, and lipid was not affected by different dietary protein levels. In terms of producing a diet with best growth at the lowest cost, a 44 Percent protein diet is considered as optimal for juvenile yellowtail in RAS. The second experiment investigated the effect of partial and full replacement of fishmeal with a mixture of alternative protein sources chicken meal, blood meal, and soybean meal in equal proportions that are more sustainable and less costly. Four experimental diets were formulated to be iso-nitrogenous 44 Percent protein and iso-calorific 19.50 Mg/Kg as follows: 1 a control diet with fishmeal as the only protein source which was the same formulation as the 44 Percent diet used in the first experiment, 2 control diet in which 33 Percent of fishmeal was replaced with the protein mixture, 3 control diet in which 67 Percent of fishmeal was replaced with the protein mixture and 4 control diet in which 100 Percent of fishmeal was replaced with the protein mixture. Different fishmeal levels in the diets did not have an effect on the survival on juvenile yellowtail. Specific growth rate SGR was greater for fish fed 67 and 100 Percent fishmeal p equal 0.017 compared to fish fed 0 Percent fishmeal. There were, however, no differences in SGR between fish fed 33, 67, and 100 Percent fishmeal. Condition factor CF was significantly affected by the interaction between dietary treatment and time with average values lower at the end of experiment compared to the start of the experiment. On day 28 p equal 0.02 and 49 p equal 0.01, CF of fish fed 67 and 100 Percent fishmeal diet differed significantly from those fed the 0 Percent fishmeal diet but 33, 67, and 100 Percent fishmeal diets did not differ from each other . Feed conversion ratio FCR was significantly affected by fishmeal replacement with fish on fishmeal-containing diets showing lower FCRs compared to those on fishmeal-free diets p equal 0.001. Fish fed diets containing 67 and 100 Percent fishmeal had low PER 0.026 compared to fish fed 0 Percent fishmeal. There were, however, no differences in PER between fish fed 33, 67, and 100 Percent fishmeal. Hepatosomatic index HSI was not affected by levels of fishmeal replacement in the diet. Body protein, ash, moisture, and lipid was not affected by partial and full replacement of fishmeal. The results indicate that full replacement of fishmeal 0 Percent diet had the worst SGR, FCR, and PER. The remaining three diets were statistically similar which suggests that a diet with 33 Percent fishmeal produces as good growth, FCR and PER as 67 and 100 Percent fishmeal diets. However, as there were also similarities in SGR and PER for the 0 and 33 Percent fishmeal diets, it is therefore recommended that future studies focus on the region between 33-67 Percent to find the optimal break point for the various growth indicators. This study has provided foundation for the formulation of yellowtail kingfish diet which is suitable for use in a RAS. , Thesis (MSci) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-01
The effect of the anaesthetics 1 Clove oil and MS-222 on the sedation, recovery, survival, population growth and fecundity of the calanoid copepod, Pseudodiaptomus hessei Copepoda Calanoida under culture conditions.
- Authors: Bulube, Masivuye Nomazizi
- Date: 2023-01
- Subjects: Water quality , Marine biodiversity , Aquatic animals -- Food
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27524 , vital:67430
- Description: Compared to current live food organisms used in aquaculture, the calanoid copepod, Pseudodiaptomus hessei is smaller and has a superior nutritional value. However, due to their fast and erratic movements, manipulating and counting this species for aquaculture research purposes is difficult. For easier manipulation it is therefore necessary to sedate the copepods. The study aimed to determine the effect of two anaesthetics on sedation, recovery, survival, population growth and fecundity of the calanoid copepod, Pseudodiaptomus hessei, under culture conditions. Male and female P. hessei were exposed to the anaesthetics clove oil and Tricaine Methane sulfonate (MS-222). Twelve replicates of five copepods each were exposedto clove oil at 100, 150 and 200 μL/L, and to MS-222 at 300, 600, 900, 1200 and 1500 mg/Lwith the number of fully sedated copepods being recorded. clove oil sedation only occurredafter 5:23±1:25 minutes in the 100 μL/L treatment while copepods exposed to 150 and200μL/L were anaesthetized within 2:48±0:46 and 0:40±0:07 minutes respectively. Sedation did not occur in MS-222 at concentrations of 300 and 600 mg/L while at 900 mg/L all copepodswere sedated within 4:19±0:41 minutes. Only copepods exposed to 1200 and 1500 mg/L were all fully sedated within 2:26±1:46 and 1:23±0:37 minutes respectively. Clove oil recovery onlyoccurred at 4:40±1:32 minutes in the 100 μL/L treatment while copepods exposed to 150 and200 μL/L recovered at 8:30±1:46 and 12:12±0:59 minutes, respectively. In this study, all MS- 222 treatments showed full recovery at 1:07±0:41 to 1:11±0:41 minutes with 100% survivalrate. The growth development FPN (Final Population Number) for Clove oil, MS-222 and control were not different from the control indicating that exposure to the anaesthetic had no effect on their long-term survival (21 days). The mean clutch size of 34±5 eggs per sac was high compared to other studies on the species. Based on these findings the 150 μL/L Clove oiland 1200 mg/L MS-222 concentrations were the lowest doses of each anaesthetic to induce full sedation within 3 minutes followed by rapid recovery 87 within three minutes without it affecting its short (24 hours) and long-term survival, population growth and fecundity. Basedon sedation and recovery rates, effect on survival, fecundity and growth as well as cost and ease use, the 1200 mg/L MS-222 concentration is the recommended to safely anaesthetize P. hessei. , Thesis (MSci) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-01
- Authors: Bulube, Masivuye Nomazizi
- Date: 2023-01
- Subjects: Water quality , Marine biodiversity , Aquatic animals -- Food
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27524 , vital:67430
- Description: Compared to current live food organisms used in aquaculture, the calanoid copepod, Pseudodiaptomus hessei is smaller and has a superior nutritional value. However, due to their fast and erratic movements, manipulating and counting this species for aquaculture research purposes is difficult. For easier manipulation it is therefore necessary to sedate the copepods. The study aimed to determine the effect of two anaesthetics on sedation, recovery, survival, population growth and fecundity of the calanoid copepod, Pseudodiaptomus hessei, under culture conditions. Male and female P. hessei were exposed to the anaesthetics clove oil and Tricaine Methane sulfonate (MS-222). Twelve replicates of five copepods each were exposedto clove oil at 100, 150 and 200 μL/L, and to MS-222 at 300, 600, 900, 1200 and 1500 mg/Lwith the number of fully sedated copepods being recorded. clove oil sedation only occurredafter 5:23±1:25 minutes in the 100 μL/L treatment while copepods exposed to 150 and200μL/L were anaesthetized within 2:48±0:46 and 0:40±0:07 minutes respectively. Sedation did not occur in MS-222 at concentrations of 300 and 600 mg/L while at 900 mg/L all copepodswere sedated within 4:19±0:41 minutes. Only copepods exposed to 1200 and 1500 mg/L were all fully sedated within 2:26±1:46 and 1:23±0:37 minutes respectively. Clove oil recovery onlyoccurred at 4:40±1:32 minutes in the 100 μL/L treatment while copepods exposed to 150 and200 μL/L recovered at 8:30±1:46 and 12:12±0:59 minutes, respectively. In this study, all MS- 222 treatments showed full recovery at 1:07±0:41 to 1:11±0:41 minutes with 100% survivalrate. The growth development FPN (Final Population Number) for Clove oil, MS-222 and control were not different from the control indicating that exposure to the anaesthetic had no effect on their long-term survival (21 days). The mean clutch size of 34±5 eggs per sac was high compared to other studies on the species. Based on these findings the 150 μL/L Clove oiland 1200 mg/L MS-222 concentrations were the lowest doses of each anaesthetic to induce full sedation within 3 minutes followed by rapid recovery 87 within three minutes without it affecting its short (24 hours) and long-term survival, population growth and fecundity. Basedon sedation and recovery rates, effect on survival, fecundity and growth as well as cost and ease use, the 1200 mg/L MS-222 concentration is the recommended to safely anaesthetize P. hessei. , Thesis (MSci) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-01
The impact of domestic investment on economic growth in South Africa: a Sectoral Approach (1993 to 2020)
- Hobongwana, Khungile Goodwell https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0223-7370
- Authors: Hobongwana, Khungile Goodwell https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0223-7370
- Date: 2023-01
- Subjects: Economic development -- South Africa , Investments -- South Africa , Gross domestic product
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26753 , vital:65982
- Description: This study examined the impact of domestic investment on economic growth in South Africa: a sectoral approach from 1993 to 2020. The overall results as discussed by panel data ARDL revealed that domestic investment has an impact on at least one sectoral economic growth in South Africa in the long run. The panel data ARDL test reveals that domestic investment, employment, imports and exports have a significant correlation to influence GDP in the long run in at least one of the sectors. A pairwise Dumitrescu Hurlin panel causality tests determine that domestic investment (DI) does not homogeneously cause gross domestic product (GDP). This is because in South Africa the sectoral or structural change development relies much on foreign direct investment (FDI) rather than domestic investment, hence the negative homogeneous results. Therefore, we need to attract DI as the result shows, because a positive relationship can be expected between domestic investment and economic growth in line with the Keynesian theory where investment is expected to promote economic growth. The new-endogenous growth theory of investment that can be applied in detecting the effect of aggregate and disaggregate domestic investment on sectoral economic growth and aggregate economic growth. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-01
- Authors: Hobongwana, Khungile Goodwell https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0223-7370
- Date: 2023-01
- Subjects: Economic development -- South Africa , Investments -- South Africa , Gross domestic product
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26753 , vital:65982
- Description: This study examined the impact of domestic investment on economic growth in South Africa: a sectoral approach from 1993 to 2020. The overall results as discussed by panel data ARDL revealed that domestic investment has an impact on at least one sectoral economic growth in South Africa in the long run. The panel data ARDL test reveals that domestic investment, employment, imports and exports have a significant correlation to influence GDP in the long run in at least one of the sectors. A pairwise Dumitrescu Hurlin panel causality tests determine that domestic investment (DI) does not homogeneously cause gross domestic product (GDP). This is because in South Africa the sectoral or structural change development relies much on foreign direct investment (FDI) rather than domestic investment, hence the negative homogeneous results. Therefore, we need to attract DI as the result shows, because a positive relationship can be expected between domestic investment and economic growth in line with the Keynesian theory where investment is expected to promote economic growth. The new-endogenous growth theory of investment that can be applied in detecting the effect of aggregate and disaggregate domestic investment on sectoral economic growth and aggregate economic growth. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-01
A systematic review of published literature examining the impact of father absence on adolescent identity formation
- Authors: Fata, Hope Aneliswa
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Absentee fathers , Adolescent analysis , Adolescent psychology
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27039 , vital:66239
- Description: One of the major developmental crises an adolescent must overcome before becoming an adult is identity formation. Many studies focused on how the family influences the identity formation of adolescents, but little emphasis has been made specifically on how the absence of a father impacts the adolescent’s development of identity. This study aims to conduct a systematic review to examine the impact of absent fatherhood on the identity formation of adolescents. Several studies, from the year 2010 to date, have explored the impact of father absence on the identity formation of adolescents. The majority of studies conducted have been mostly quantitative and failed to explore the experiences of adolescents raised in absent-father households during this crucial stage of development. This study sought to add to the body of knowledge and bridge that gap by exploring the possible (negative or positive) impact of absent fatherhood in the identity-formation period of adolescents. This was a systematic review study that included a qualitative research design, whereby published literature and studies were identified through searching electronic databases. To synthesize and analyse the data, thematic analysis was used. This study’s exploration discovered that absent fatherhood can be experienced both positively and negatively by adolescents. Positively, it was found that a sense of independency developed in the adolescent and strengthens family relations and unity, with extended family members or external role models becoming more involved in the upbringing of the adolescent. Significantly, on the negative side, adolescents developed anger and resentment towards their absent fathers, questioning their absence and the individual’s sense of who they are and where they belong. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Fata, Hope Aneliswa
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Absentee fathers , Adolescent analysis , Adolescent psychology
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27039 , vital:66239
- Description: One of the major developmental crises an adolescent must overcome before becoming an adult is identity formation. Many studies focused on how the family influences the identity formation of adolescents, but little emphasis has been made specifically on how the absence of a father impacts the adolescent’s development of identity. This study aims to conduct a systematic review to examine the impact of absent fatherhood on the identity formation of adolescents. Several studies, from the year 2010 to date, have explored the impact of father absence on the identity formation of adolescents. The majority of studies conducted have been mostly quantitative and failed to explore the experiences of adolescents raised in absent-father households during this crucial stage of development. This study sought to add to the body of knowledge and bridge that gap by exploring the possible (negative or positive) impact of absent fatherhood in the identity-formation period of adolescents. This was a systematic review study that included a qualitative research design, whereby published literature and studies were identified through searching electronic databases. To synthesize and analyse the data, thematic analysis was used. This study’s exploration discovered that absent fatherhood can be experienced both positively and negatively by adolescents. Positively, it was found that a sense of independency developed in the adolescent and strengthens family relations and unity, with extended family members or external role models becoming more involved in the upbringing of the adolescent. Significantly, on the negative side, adolescents developed anger and resentment towards their absent fathers, questioning their absence and the individual’s sense of who they are and where they belong. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
An Afrocentric exploration of South African cultural-religious narratives of depression
- Authors: Conway-Cleaves, Matthew
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Depression, Mental , Psychology and religion , Affect (Psychology) -- Religious aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26962 , vital:66206
- Description: The perceptions of causes of depression are diverse, formulated from many different factors such as personal experiences, education, generational and cultural influences, and religious beliefs. While there is a large body of literature on both depression and religion and culture, there is a limited amount available that synthesizes the findings of multiple different studies, finding key common themes. Therefore, this review aimed to develop a comprehensive understanding of how religious and cultural narratives describe and influence depression. As a result, a meta-ethnography was carried out to synthesise existing literature on cultural-religious narratives of depression within a South African context. Five published journal articles were sampled for translation and synthesis. From this process, three key themes were developed, namely Conflictual Coexistence, Observation-Based Discernment, and Status or Stigma. The result is a lens that is formed through a mixture of traditional cultural religious traditions and beliefs interconnected with contemporary ways of understanding and being. This framework for diagnosing and treating a mental illness is heavily reliant on observable symptoms. As a result, status or stigma can be attached to multiple aspects of the situation surrounding an individual with or suspected of having a mental illness. Stigmatisation can be noted to form a cycle that becomes inclusive of prognosis, finance/employment and not being able to fulfil culturally held expectations. As a result, future research, and therapeutic intervention of this mental disorder within this demographic will be better informed. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Conway-Cleaves, Matthew
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Depression, Mental , Psychology and religion , Affect (Psychology) -- Religious aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26962 , vital:66206
- Description: The perceptions of causes of depression are diverse, formulated from many different factors such as personal experiences, education, generational and cultural influences, and religious beliefs. While there is a large body of literature on both depression and religion and culture, there is a limited amount available that synthesizes the findings of multiple different studies, finding key common themes. Therefore, this review aimed to develop a comprehensive understanding of how religious and cultural narratives describe and influence depression. As a result, a meta-ethnography was carried out to synthesise existing literature on cultural-religious narratives of depression within a South African context. Five published journal articles were sampled for translation and synthesis. From this process, three key themes were developed, namely Conflictual Coexistence, Observation-Based Discernment, and Status or Stigma. The result is a lens that is formed through a mixture of traditional cultural religious traditions and beliefs interconnected with contemporary ways of understanding and being. This framework for diagnosing and treating a mental illness is heavily reliant on observable symptoms. As a result, status or stigma can be attached to multiple aspects of the situation surrounding an individual with or suspected of having a mental illness. Stigmatisation can be noted to form a cycle that becomes inclusive of prognosis, finance/employment and not being able to fulfil culturally held expectations. As a result, future research, and therapeutic intervention of this mental disorder within this demographic will be better informed. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
An assessment of the role of the Speaker in the management of the National Assembly: the case of a democratic South Africa
- Authors: Lunyawo, Sipho
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Legislative bodies -- South Africa -- Presiding officers , Mediation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26742 , vital:65976
- Description: This study interrogates the role of the Speaker in the management of the National Assembly in post-apartheid South Africa. The major focus is on the tenure of the fifth Speaker which was marked with widespread parliament disruptions largely orchestrated by opposition parties. The research employed a qualitative secondary data methodology in which data was collected from secondary sources such as government documents and newspapers. Content analysis and critical discourse analysis were used to analyze data. The Study found that the Speaker plays a fundamental role in the management of the National Assembly. Nevertheless, the study also established that there are numerous challenges faced by the Speaker in the management of the National Assembly. The challenges include mediating the chaos and conflicts among members. The study also established the nature and causes of chaos in the House as well as the efforts put in place by the Speaker to encourage fair debate among MPs. The study concludes that the role of the Speaker in monitoring and regulating the House is crucial in ensuring that there is order in the House at any given time. This is also because the Speaker plays a fundamental role as the Peacekeeper of the House and this emanates from the Speaker’s role in the management of the House. Based on the findings and conclusions of the Study, three recommendations were put forward and these are; embracing a system where the Speaker is independent, introducing hefty penalties against deliberate misconduct, and the use of previous unfavorable incidents to amend the rules of the House. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Lunyawo, Sipho
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Legislative bodies -- South Africa -- Presiding officers , Mediation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26742 , vital:65976
- Description: This study interrogates the role of the Speaker in the management of the National Assembly in post-apartheid South Africa. The major focus is on the tenure of the fifth Speaker which was marked with widespread parliament disruptions largely orchestrated by opposition parties. The research employed a qualitative secondary data methodology in which data was collected from secondary sources such as government documents and newspapers. Content analysis and critical discourse analysis were used to analyze data. The Study found that the Speaker plays a fundamental role in the management of the National Assembly. Nevertheless, the study also established that there are numerous challenges faced by the Speaker in the management of the National Assembly. The challenges include mediating the chaos and conflicts among members. The study also established the nature and causes of chaos in the House as well as the efforts put in place by the Speaker to encourage fair debate among MPs. The study concludes that the role of the Speaker in monitoring and regulating the House is crucial in ensuring that there is order in the House at any given time. This is also because the Speaker plays a fundamental role as the Peacekeeper of the House and this emanates from the Speaker’s role in the management of the House. Based on the findings and conclusions of the Study, three recommendations were put forward and these are; embracing a system where the Speaker is independent, introducing hefty penalties against deliberate misconduct, and the use of previous unfavorable incidents to amend the rules of the House. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
Challenges faced by healthcare professionals in reporting near miss incidents in a hospital, at the Amathole District, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Ntlanganiso, Lindiwe
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Industrial accidents , Accident investigation
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27094 , vital:66276
- Description: Background Recording and investigation of NMIs can provide valuable information on monitoring and enhancing patient safety in the healthcare facilities. This in turn, can reduce the likelihood of medico-legal claims. Regardless of attempts to establish efficient incident reporting systems across the entire healthcare industry, underreporting of errors persists worldwide. Therefore, not only do near miss incidents serve as early warning signs of impending potential failure in the healthcare system, but they also provide a chance for patient safety improvement. With that in mind, this study was undertaken to investigate challenges faced by health care professionals in reporting near miss incidents at a hospital in the Amathole District, in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Aim The aim of the study was to develop recommendations for healthcare management and healthcare professionals on how to better manage NMIs, and by identifying the challenges faced by health care professionals and the impact they have on the quality of care at one state-funded district hospital. Setting The study was conducted with healthcare professionals at a district hospital in the Amathole District, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Methods This study used a mixed method study design. Purposive and convenience sampling were used for participants’ selection for the study. Quantitative data was collected using the WHO Near-Miss Approach while individual and focus group interviews with healthcare professionals were carried out for collecting qualitative data. The maternity and neonatal intensive care units were identified as the two high-risk areas from which most medical negligence claims are lodged. The number of complications that occurred in each month of the year 2019 was determined by using components of the WHO near miss approach. The researcher adopted this approach to serve as a baseline assessment. Data was analysed using both Nvivo Version 10 and SPSS Version 20. Findings The challenges that healthcare professionals face in reporting near miss incidents at the study site included lack of knowledge about the reporting tool and system, inability to identify a near miss incident and healthcare professional attitudes and practices. The document review revealed that the NMIs are existent but not reported on the prescribed reporting system, a total of 210 actual incidents had occurred in the maternity and neonatal units of the hospital, which accounts for 62% of the 357 deliveries in the year 2019. Conclusion Based on the study result and findings, the healthcare system should shift towards a proactive rather than a reactive approach to medical and clinical errors. Continuously reducing the incidence of all patient safety incidents requires improved prevention strategies and effective strategies for recovery from possible medico-legal claims. The study further suggests that additional focus should be placed on NMI reporting and investigation so that operative improvement plans can be developed, implemented, monitored and evaluated. In essence, these improvement plans should be designed to progress patient care, reduce avoidable PSIs and reduce medico-legal claims. , Thesis (MCur) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Ntlanganiso, Lindiwe
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Industrial accidents , Accident investigation
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27094 , vital:66276
- Description: Background Recording and investigation of NMIs can provide valuable information on monitoring and enhancing patient safety in the healthcare facilities. This in turn, can reduce the likelihood of medico-legal claims. Regardless of attempts to establish efficient incident reporting systems across the entire healthcare industry, underreporting of errors persists worldwide. Therefore, not only do near miss incidents serve as early warning signs of impending potential failure in the healthcare system, but they also provide a chance for patient safety improvement. With that in mind, this study was undertaken to investigate challenges faced by health care professionals in reporting near miss incidents at a hospital in the Amathole District, in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Aim The aim of the study was to develop recommendations for healthcare management and healthcare professionals on how to better manage NMIs, and by identifying the challenges faced by health care professionals and the impact they have on the quality of care at one state-funded district hospital. Setting The study was conducted with healthcare professionals at a district hospital in the Amathole District, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Methods This study used a mixed method study design. Purposive and convenience sampling were used for participants’ selection for the study. Quantitative data was collected using the WHO Near-Miss Approach while individual and focus group interviews with healthcare professionals were carried out for collecting qualitative data. The maternity and neonatal intensive care units were identified as the two high-risk areas from which most medical negligence claims are lodged. The number of complications that occurred in each month of the year 2019 was determined by using components of the WHO near miss approach. The researcher adopted this approach to serve as a baseline assessment. Data was analysed using both Nvivo Version 10 and SPSS Version 20. Findings The challenges that healthcare professionals face in reporting near miss incidents at the study site included lack of knowledge about the reporting tool and system, inability to identify a near miss incident and healthcare professional attitudes and practices. The document review revealed that the NMIs are existent but not reported on the prescribed reporting system, a total of 210 actual incidents had occurred in the maternity and neonatal units of the hospital, which accounts for 62% of the 357 deliveries in the year 2019. Conclusion Based on the study result and findings, the healthcare system should shift towards a proactive rather than a reactive approach to medical and clinical errors. Continuously reducing the incidence of all patient safety incidents requires improved prevention strategies and effective strategies for recovery from possible medico-legal claims. The study further suggests that additional focus should be placed on NMI reporting and investigation so that operative improvement plans can be developed, implemented, monitored and evaluated. In essence, these improvement plans should be designed to progress patient care, reduce avoidable PSIs and reduce medico-legal claims. , Thesis (MCur) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
Effectiveness of monetary policy transmission mechanism: the case of selected SADC countries
- Tengwa, Anakho https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0700-8668
- Authors: Tengwa, Anakho https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0700-8668
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Monetary policy -- Africa, Southern , Transmission mechanism (Monetary policy) -- Africa, Southern , Economic development -- Africa, Southern
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26863 , vital:66037
- Description: Monetary policy plays a significant role in countries economic development. The variability in inflation in the SADC region provides room to question the Effectiveness of the transmission of monetary policy as these countries experience inflation in different ways. The study analyses the effectiveness of monetary policy transmission mechanism on the selected 5 SADC countries, South Africa, Botswana, Mauritius, Tanzania, and Zambia. The selection of the countries was mainly based on data availability. To answer the study hypothesis, the study used secondary data from different data sources, employing the Vector Autoregression Regression. The different channels analysed include the exchange rate, interest rates as well as credit channel to measure monetary policy tools. The main variables are, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Consumer Price Index (CPI)cpi and money supply. Panel unit root was tested to test the stationarity of the variables and the appropriate lag length was determined. Panel VAR model was estimated where the focus was mainly on variance decomposition and impulse response. Then lastly the stability of the model was tested using diagnostic test. The results revealed that interest rates channel and exchange rate channel have a more significant effect in explaining the transmission of macroeconomic shock to the rest of the economy through gpd and cpi. While the credit channel mostly transmits to the rest of the economy through money supply and cpi, its effects from GDP are rather insignificant. It is also noted that interest rates serve as the dominant channel in transmitting monetary policy shocks to the rest of the economy. When central banks decrease prime lending rates for commercial banks, this is passed to consumers making it less expensive to borrow. In the long run, attracts foreign investors which harms the domestic currency. The author has noted that future research could focus on how asset price channel affects the economy. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Tengwa, Anakho https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0700-8668
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Monetary policy -- Africa, Southern , Transmission mechanism (Monetary policy) -- Africa, Southern , Economic development -- Africa, Southern
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26863 , vital:66037
- Description: Monetary policy plays a significant role in countries economic development. The variability in inflation in the SADC region provides room to question the Effectiveness of the transmission of monetary policy as these countries experience inflation in different ways. The study analyses the effectiveness of monetary policy transmission mechanism on the selected 5 SADC countries, South Africa, Botswana, Mauritius, Tanzania, and Zambia. The selection of the countries was mainly based on data availability. To answer the study hypothesis, the study used secondary data from different data sources, employing the Vector Autoregression Regression. The different channels analysed include the exchange rate, interest rates as well as credit channel to measure monetary policy tools. The main variables are, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Consumer Price Index (CPI)cpi and money supply. Panel unit root was tested to test the stationarity of the variables and the appropriate lag length was determined. Panel VAR model was estimated where the focus was mainly on variance decomposition and impulse response. Then lastly the stability of the model was tested using diagnostic test. The results revealed that interest rates channel and exchange rate channel have a more significant effect in explaining the transmission of macroeconomic shock to the rest of the economy through gpd and cpi. While the credit channel mostly transmits to the rest of the economy through money supply and cpi, its effects from GDP are rather insignificant. It is also noted that interest rates serve as the dominant channel in transmitting monetary policy shocks to the rest of the economy. When central banks decrease prime lending rates for commercial banks, this is passed to consumers making it less expensive to borrow. In the long run, attracts foreign investors which harms the domestic currency. The author has noted that future research could focus on how asset price channel affects the economy. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
Grain size analysis, coastal hydrodynamics and erosion protection: a case study from Knysna and Plettenberg Bay, South Africa
- Authors: Pezisa, Ayabulela Raymond
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Grain -- Analysis , Hydrodynamics , Shore protection
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27698 , vital:69394
- Description: The modern beach sands and Cretaceous Knysna Formation distributed along the coast of Plettenberg Bay and Knysna coast in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, have been examined and studied in the field outcrops and laborataries via grain-size analysis, XRD, SEM, EDX and microcope petrography analyses. This study looked into the coastal hydrodynamics and environment protection. The project aims to investigate the sediment distribution, grain-size variation, sedimentary structures, coast erosion and mitigation in the Plettenberg and Knysna coast to address environmental issues in the south coast of South Africa. The research will provide new insight onto coastal sedimentation, hydrodynamic condition, coastline erosion and the safety of the coastal environment and human property. The study will promote government attention on the sea level change, which caused flooding and environmental disaster along the south coastal area of South Africa. The rock sequence in the inland side of the study areas belongs to Cretaceous Knysna Formation, which comprises seven upward fining sequences. The stratigraphic sequence is underlain by the Table Mountain quartzite of the Cape Supergroup, and is overlain by Tertiary sediments and modern coastal dune sands. The Knysna Formation at the research area consists of massive conglomerate, sandstone and minor mudstone of mainly fluvial dominated sediments. The grain size analysis reveals that the modern fluvial channels at Plettenberg Bay and Knysna areas are of dominant coarse sands with minor silt and mud, which defines the sediments were deposited by moderate to high energy currents. Whilst the beach zones in Plettenberg Bay are predominated by fine to medium-grained marine sands. Grain-size analyses of beach sands show well-sorted, fine to coarse skewed in grain size distribution, indicating a relative lower to medium uniform energy condition during transportation and deposition. The bivariate plots of grain-size distribution demonstrate of the shallow agitated marine environment with the influence of tide and aeolian processes. Hydrodynamic condition in the beach area was more persistant and less variation compared to the river environment. The mineralogy and petrology studies revealed that in Plettenberg Bay and Knysna sediments are predominantly consisted of minerals quartz, feldspar, calcite, muscovite, aragonite, clay minerals, and salts (halite). Skeletal carbonate minerals (shell and coral fragments) are more than chemical precipitated carbonate minerals. The microtextures detected on the surface of the fluvial and marine sand grais involve V-shaped pits, upturn pits, dissolution pits and secondary mineral precipitation that were created by chemical and mechanical processes formed via sea-water dissolution, corrosion, and transport crashing. Whereas the boring holes and burrows created by activity of microorganisms boing into the surface of the grains. These microtextures of the river and beach sands exhibit a shallow marine and fluvial environments with medium to high energy conditions and active organic activities. Several sedimentary structures were detected in the coastal environments, including various types of ripple marks and dunes, burst bubble-hole, swash line, rill marks, rhomboid marks, burrows, boring and bioturbation, planar lamination and gravel pavement. In addition, sedimentary structures were also identified in the Cretaceous Knysna Formation such as air/water escape hole, convolute bedding, lenticular bedding, tabular cross-bedding and load cast. The sedimetnary structures closely linked with hydrodynamic conditions and therefore can be used as indicators for depositional environments. Flooding and erosion had become a coastal disaster that results in sediment redistribution throughout the coastal system and therefore caused landscape reform like coastal cliffs and sharpened dunes in erosive areas. Particularly, coastal hazards become more and more serious in recent years due to climate and sea leavel changes. Thus, to recognise coastal erosion and disaster and make a management strategy is of significant importance to compete against coastline retreat and to protect infrastructure and human safety in the coast area. The author had proposed a number of mitigation methods for environmental protection and for combating coastal erosion, including breakwaters, groins, jetties, vertical walls, rock armour, vegetation, boundary hardening, and revetment etc, which are the effective ways for protection of coast retreat, property damage and human safety. , Thesis (MSci) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Pezisa, Ayabulela Raymond
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Grain -- Analysis , Hydrodynamics , Shore protection
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27698 , vital:69394
- Description: The modern beach sands and Cretaceous Knysna Formation distributed along the coast of Plettenberg Bay and Knysna coast in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, have been examined and studied in the field outcrops and laborataries via grain-size analysis, XRD, SEM, EDX and microcope petrography analyses. This study looked into the coastal hydrodynamics and environment protection. The project aims to investigate the sediment distribution, grain-size variation, sedimentary structures, coast erosion and mitigation in the Plettenberg and Knysna coast to address environmental issues in the south coast of South Africa. The research will provide new insight onto coastal sedimentation, hydrodynamic condition, coastline erosion and the safety of the coastal environment and human property. The study will promote government attention on the sea level change, which caused flooding and environmental disaster along the south coastal area of South Africa. The rock sequence in the inland side of the study areas belongs to Cretaceous Knysna Formation, which comprises seven upward fining sequences. The stratigraphic sequence is underlain by the Table Mountain quartzite of the Cape Supergroup, and is overlain by Tertiary sediments and modern coastal dune sands. The Knysna Formation at the research area consists of massive conglomerate, sandstone and minor mudstone of mainly fluvial dominated sediments. The grain size analysis reveals that the modern fluvial channels at Plettenberg Bay and Knysna areas are of dominant coarse sands with minor silt and mud, which defines the sediments were deposited by moderate to high energy currents. Whilst the beach zones in Plettenberg Bay are predominated by fine to medium-grained marine sands. Grain-size analyses of beach sands show well-sorted, fine to coarse skewed in grain size distribution, indicating a relative lower to medium uniform energy condition during transportation and deposition. The bivariate plots of grain-size distribution demonstrate of the shallow agitated marine environment with the influence of tide and aeolian processes. Hydrodynamic condition in the beach area was more persistant and less variation compared to the river environment. The mineralogy and petrology studies revealed that in Plettenberg Bay and Knysna sediments are predominantly consisted of minerals quartz, feldspar, calcite, muscovite, aragonite, clay minerals, and salts (halite). Skeletal carbonate minerals (shell and coral fragments) are more than chemical precipitated carbonate minerals. The microtextures detected on the surface of the fluvial and marine sand grais involve V-shaped pits, upturn pits, dissolution pits and secondary mineral precipitation that were created by chemical and mechanical processes formed via sea-water dissolution, corrosion, and transport crashing. Whereas the boring holes and burrows created by activity of microorganisms boing into the surface of the grains. These microtextures of the river and beach sands exhibit a shallow marine and fluvial environments with medium to high energy conditions and active organic activities. Several sedimentary structures were detected in the coastal environments, including various types of ripple marks and dunes, burst bubble-hole, swash line, rill marks, rhomboid marks, burrows, boring and bioturbation, planar lamination and gravel pavement. In addition, sedimentary structures were also identified in the Cretaceous Knysna Formation such as air/water escape hole, convolute bedding, lenticular bedding, tabular cross-bedding and load cast. The sedimetnary structures closely linked with hydrodynamic conditions and therefore can be used as indicators for depositional environments. Flooding and erosion had become a coastal disaster that results in sediment redistribution throughout the coastal system and therefore caused landscape reform like coastal cliffs and sharpened dunes in erosive areas. Particularly, coastal hazards become more and more serious in recent years due to climate and sea leavel changes. Thus, to recognise coastal erosion and disaster and make a management strategy is of significant importance to compete against coastline retreat and to protect infrastructure and human safety in the coast area. The author had proposed a number of mitigation methods for environmental protection and for combating coastal erosion, including breakwaters, groins, jetties, vertical walls, rock armour, vegetation, boundary hardening, and revetment etc, which are the effective ways for protection of coast retreat, property damage and human safety. , Thesis (MSci) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
Knowledge, attitude and perceptions of pre-hospital emergency care providers concerning pre-hospital clinical practice guidelines in the Mangaung Metropolitan area, Free State, South Africa
- Ramoshaba, Mapule Petronella
- Authors: Ramoshaba, Mapule Petronella
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Emergency medical services
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27220 , vital:66471
- Description: Background and Introduction. Pre-hospital emergency care provided in a timeous and efficient manner is a pivotal component in improved patient prognosis, after a life altering situation has occurred. This management of patients is rendered prior to arrival at a medical facility. This service is provided by pre-hospital emergency care providers who apply life saving techniques and knowledge within their scopes of practice and then transporting patients to appropriate medical facilities for definitive care. Pre-hospital emergency care providers of all levels of care, namely: Basic life support, Intermediate life support and Advanced life support render emergency care services to patients with a main goal of seeing patients return back to normal life living. For this to be achieved, the providers must be empowered with the best knowledge, appropriate skills and adequate equipment at their disposal. Clinical practice guidelines are recommendations that are based on evidence in order to support beneficial clinical practices. These were introduced in the pre-hospital setting in South Africa in 2018 to review the scopes of practice of all levels of care, and make appropriate changes and additions for the betterment of the patient and the upskilling of pre-hospital emergency care providers. Since the providers are the end users of these guidelines, and are expected to apply them on patients, they are the best candidates to provide clarity on their perceptions, experiences and challenges which leads to the research questions being: What are the perceptions of the Pre-hospital Emergency Care Providers on the Pre-hospital Clinical Practice in the Guidelines? And What are the challenges experienced by the Pre-hospital Emergency Care Providers with regards to the implementation of the Pre-hospital Clinical Practice Guidelines in the application of Pre-hospital emergency medicine? The aim of the study was to explore the perceptions of the Pre-hospital Emergency Care Providers using the implemented Pre-hospital Clinical Practice Guidelines. Methods The study adopted a qualitative research approach with a purposive sampling method used to select the participants. This type of non-probability technique was suitable in the study as it is based on the researcher’s judgement of the participants being knowledgeable on the questions asked. An interview guide was utilised to collect data through semi-structured one on one interviews during which participants perceptions on the Clinical practice guidelines were shared. The data analysis process brought forth themes and sub themes that were aligned to the research findings which yielded the results. Results/findings The results encompassed the participants’ perceptions about pre-hospital clinical Practice Guidelines, as well as their knowledge, attitude, challenges, suggestions and recommendations. These results unearthed some of the reasons for the pre-hospital emergency care providers perceptions towards the guidelines. The majority of PECPS have a positive attitude towards the pre-hospital clinical practice guidelines, but have challenges with the availability of equipment and drugs which is caused by the lack of due diligence in complying with the implementation of the guidelines. Conclusion The recommendations and suggestions from the participants and researcher come with divisive strategies to the implementation of the guidelines and activities to be applied for the smooth implementation of the pre-hospital clinical practice guidelines. The basis for these recommendations and suggestions were the results as per the research findings. , Thesis (MPH) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Ramoshaba, Mapule Petronella
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Emergency medical services
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27220 , vital:66471
- Description: Background and Introduction. Pre-hospital emergency care provided in a timeous and efficient manner is a pivotal component in improved patient prognosis, after a life altering situation has occurred. This management of patients is rendered prior to arrival at a medical facility. This service is provided by pre-hospital emergency care providers who apply life saving techniques and knowledge within their scopes of practice and then transporting patients to appropriate medical facilities for definitive care. Pre-hospital emergency care providers of all levels of care, namely: Basic life support, Intermediate life support and Advanced life support render emergency care services to patients with a main goal of seeing patients return back to normal life living. For this to be achieved, the providers must be empowered with the best knowledge, appropriate skills and adequate equipment at their disposal. Clinical practice guidelines are recommendations that are based on evidence in order to support beneficial clinical practices. These were introduced in the pre-hospital setting in South Africa in 2018 to review the scopes of practice of all levels of care, and make appropriate changes and additions for the betterment of the patient and the upskilling of pre-hospital emergency care providers. Since the providers are the end users of these guidelines, and are expected to apply them on patients, they are the best candidates to provide clarity on their perceptions, experiences and challenges which leads to the research questions being: What are the perceptions of the Pre-hospital Emergency Care Providers on the Pre-hospital Clinical Practice in the Guidelines? And What are the challenges experienced by the Pre-hospital Emergency Care Providers with regards to the implementation of the Pre-hospital Clinical Practice Guidelines in the application of Pre-hospital emergency medicine? The aim of the study was to explore the perceptions of the Pre-hospital Emergency Care Providers using the implemented Pre-hospital Clinical Practice Guidelines. Methods The study adopted a qualitative research approach with a purposive sampling method used to select the participants. This type of non-probability technique was suitable in the study as it is based on the researcher’s judgement of the participants being knowledgeable on the questions asked. An interview guide was utilised to collect data through semi-structured one on one interviews during which participants perceptions on the Clinical practice guidelines were shared. The data analysis process brought forth themes and sub themes that were aligned to the research findings which yielded the results. Results/findings The results encompassed the participants’ perceptions about pre-hospital clinical Practice Guidelines, as well as their knowledge, attitude, challenges, suggestions and recommendations. These results unearthed some of the reasons for the pre-hospital emergency care providers perceptions towards the guidelines. The majority of PECPS have a positive attitude towards the pre-hospital clinical practice guidelines, but have challenges with the availability of equipment and drugs which is caused by the lack of due diligence in complying with the implementation of the guidelines. Conclusion The recommendations and suggestions from the participants and researcher come with divisive strategies to the implementation of the guidelines and activities to be applied for the smooth implementation of the pre-hospital clinical practice guidelines. The basis for these recommendations and suggestions were the results as per the research findings. , Thesis (MPH) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
A critical assessment of the inter-governmental relations clusters system in the south African local government context: the case of Raymond Mhlaba Municipality by infrastructure
- Authors: Mkosana, Luvo
- Date: 2022-11
- Subjects: Infrastructure (Economics) -- South Africa , Public administration -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26841 , vital:66035
- Description: This research is focused on the premise that intergovernmental relations cluster system can be a precondition for improving the state of infrastructure in Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality. It follows, logically, that engaging stakeholders in all the three spheres of government and allowing them to fully participate in IGR processes has the potential to play a central role in improving infrastructure sector. Without effective and efficient implementation of IGR in the South African public sector, the transformation of the infrastructure sector will continue to menace many local government departments. Given the critics levelled against the processes involved in IGR, the qualitative and method was used as an investigative method to gain a deeper understanding of IGR cluster systems and its general contribution on infrastructural development. The findings showed a general consensus on the importance of the concept of IGR and its potential in ensuring that stakeholders come up with efficient ways to improve the infrastructure sector. Evidence also showed that the main components of infrastructure such as electricity, housing, water and sanitation and roads are still facing challenges and there are backlogs despite the efforts by all the three spheres of government to ensure that the collaborate in improving the sector. This knowledge allows the adoption of a bottom-up approach to IGR cluster system in the South African local government sector. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-11
- Authors: Mkosana, Luvo
- Date: 2022-11
- Subjects: Infrastructure (Economics) -- South Africa , Public administration -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26841 , vital:66035
- Description: This research is focused on the premise that intergovernmental relations cluster system can be a precondition for improving the state of infrastructure in Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality. It follows, logically, that engaging stakeholders in all the three spheres of government and allowing them to fully participate in IGR processes has the potential to play a central role in improving infrastructure sector. Without effective and efficient implementation of IGR in the South African public sector, the transformation of the infrastructure sector will continue to menace many local government departments. Given the critics levelled against the processes involved in IGR, the qualitative and method was used as an investigative method to gain a deeper understanding of IGR cluster systems and its general contribution on infrastructural development. The findings showed a general consensus on the importance of the concept of IGR and its potential in ensuring that stakeholders come up with efficient ways to improve the infrastructure sector. Evidence also showed that the main components of infrastructure such as electricity, housing, water and sanitation and roads are still facing challenges and there are backlogs despite the efforts by all the three spheres of government to ensure that the collaborate in improving the sector. This knowledge allows the adoption of a bottom-up approach to IGR cluster system in the South African local government sector. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-11