Secondary effects of oral contraceptives
- Authors: Yuen, E Ho
- Date: 1978
- Subjects: Oral contraceptives , Oral contraceptives -- Side effects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3847 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012296
- Description: Norethynodrel, a common progestin in oral contraceptives, produces in female rats several significant physiological, cytological and biochemical changes at dose levels of 1 mg and 20 mg per kg: 1) a relative increase in liver mass 2) modification of appearance and extent of the endoplasmic reticulum 3) augmentation of the protein content of the liver 4) increase of the level of cytochrome P- 450 in the liver as determined by : a) difference spectroscopy b) increases in biotransformation of aniline and aminopyrine in vitro and c) reduction of sleeping times of rats dosed with phenobarbital The significance of these findings becomes evident when it is realized that norethynodrel affects and is affected by the same enzyme system which oxidizes medicaments in general in the body: induction of cytochrome P-450 by administration of norethynodrel may interfere with the action of other drugs . Ethinyl estradiol alone showed none of the inductive effects. At high dose levels (20 mg per kg) both norethynodrel and ethinyl estradiol caused a marked inhibition of growth of the animals, producing a net loss of body mass over the 30- day experimental period. Electron micrographic evidence implies that there is also a lowering of glycogen content and a chemical change in the lipids of adrenocortical and liver cells accompanying the use of these agents.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1978
- Authors: Yuen, E Ho
- Date: 1978
- Subjects: Oral contraceptives , Oral contraceptives -- Side effects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3847 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012296
- Description: Norethynodrel, a common progestin in oral contraceptives, produces in female rats several significant physiological, cytological and biochemical changes at dose levels of 1 mg and 20 mg per kg: 1) a relative increase in liver mass 2) modification of appearance and extent of the endoplasmic reticulum 3) augmentation of the protein content of the liver 4) increase of the level of cytochrome P- 450 in the liver as determined by : a) difference spectroscopy b) increases in biotransformation of aniline and aminopyrine in vitro and c) reduction of sleeping times of rats dosed with phenobarbital The significance of these findings becomes evident when it is realized that norethynodrel affects and is affected by the same enzyme system which oxidizes medicaments in general in the body: induction of cytochrome P-450 by administration of norethynodrel may interfere with the action of other drugs . Ethinyl estradiol alone showed none of the inductive effects. At high dose levels (20 mg per kg) both norethynodrel and ethinyl estradiol caused a marked inhibition of growth of the animals, producing a net loss of body mass over the 30- day experimental period. Electron micrographic evidence implies that there is also a lowering of glycogen content and a chemical change in the lipids of adrenocortical and liver cells accompanying the use of these agents.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1978
Negotiated cultural influence : a qualitative study of second year Chinese students at Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University in 2007 with specific reference to internet usage
- Authors: Yu, Yuanyuan
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Internet in education , Internet -- Social aspects , Students, Foreign -- South Africa , Computer networks -- Social aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:8375 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/801 , Internet in education , Internet -- Social aspects , Students, Foreign -- South Africa , Computer networks -- Social aspects
- Description: This study aims to investigate the possible influence of Western culture on second-year Chinese students at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU) in 2007 by focusing on their Internet usage. Roland Robertson’s theory of glocalization is employed as the theoretical framework in this study. The research design is qualitative in nature. Individual semi-structured interviews are the method of collecting research data while a thematic analysis is the means of analysing and interpreting the research data. The sample comprises twelve second-year Chinese students who are studying at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU) in 2007 and have access to the Internet. This study has found that Western culture has exerted multi-faceted influences on the Chinese students through their Internet usage, and that they always negotiate such influences by selecting, adapting and appropriating what is useful in Western culture in an eclectic manner.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Yu, Yuanyuan
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Internet in education , Internet -- Social aspects , Students, Foreign -- South Africa , Computer networks -- Social aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:8375 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/801 , Internet in education , Internet -- Social aspects , Students, Foreign -- South Africa , Computer networks -- Social aspects
- Description: This study aims to investigate the possible influence of Western culture on second-year Chinese students at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU) in 2007 by focusing on their Internet usage. Roland Robertson’s theory of glocalization is employed as the theoretical framework in this study. The research design is qualitative in nature. Individual semi-structured interviews are the method of collecting research data while a thematic analysis is the means of analysing and interpreting the research data. The sample comprises twelve second-year Chinese students who are studying at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU) in 2007 and have access to the Internet. This study has found that Western culture has exerted multi-faceted influences on the Chinese students through their Internet usage, and that they always negotiate such influences by selecting, adapting and appropriating what is useful in Western culture in an eclectic manner.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
Measurement of the bulk flow and transport characteristics of selected fractured rock aquifer systems in South Africa: a case study of the Balfour Formation in the Eastern Cape Province
- Authors: Yu, Liuji
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Aquifers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Groundwater -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Water well drilling -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sedimentary structures -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Formations (Geology) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Geology)
- Identifier: vital:11522 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/415 , Aquifers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Groundwater -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Water well drilling -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sedimentary structures -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Formations (Geology) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: Hydrogeologists have faced serious challenges worldwide in the characterization of fractured rock aquifers due to the heterogeneous nature of the imbedded geology. The bulk flow parameters in the Karoo strata in South Africa are specifically uncertain since most models are based on homogenous block systems. As part of a WRC research project, entitled “Measurement of the bulk flow and transport characteristics of selected fractured rock aquifer systems in South Africa”, this study focuses on the characterization, borehole drilling, flow parameter measurements and groundwater quality assessment of the Balfour Formation in the Beaufort Group of the Karoo Supergroup in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, which is seriously heterogeneous in deposition and has also been largely neglected as drilling targets for groundwater. The Balfour Formation comprises mostly mudstone, shale and sandstone, formed in a braided and meandering river system. In addition to the heterogeneous deposition, the flow pathways in this aquifer system are not fully understood due to lack of actual measurement data. The methods used in this study include field mapping, site characterization, borehole drilling, and pumping and tracer testing in order to obtain the borehole yield, aquifer transmissivity, storativity and groundwater flow velocity. In addition, the groundwater chemistry was also studied to determine quality for use and possible connectivity with the nearby Tyume River and to determine potential sources of groundwater contamination. The results obtained include: 1) The study area is predominantly mudstone/shale with thin layers and lenses of siltstone and sandstone, which are interbedded; 2) Two boreholes were successfully drilled, which had yields in excess of 10 l/s in four water levels (at 7, 22, 54 and 65 m); 3) The estimated average transmissivity is 246 m 2/day according to the recovery test; 4) The estimated seepage velocity is 120 m/day according to tracer tests in the aquifer between the two boreholes which are 5 m apart; and 5) The water chemical type is the combination of HCO3-, Cl-and SO42- , which is distinguishable from that of the Tyume river; 6) There is no evidence for groundwater recharge to the deep aquifers from the Tyume river, based on the differences of the water chemistry; 7) The elements Ca, Cl, Na and C are distributed more than 90% as free ion species in BH2 borehole water; and 8) The groundwater in BH2 borehole is undersaturated (negative SI) with respect to some minerals (for example: anhydrite, fluorite, gypsum and halite), oversaturated (positive SI) with respect to some minerals (for example: aragonite, calcite and dolomite). It is concluded that there is a great potential to obtain drilling targets for high yielding boreholes in the sedimentary rocks of the Balfour Formation in the Karoo Supergroup.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Yu, Liuji
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Aquifers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Groundwater -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Water well drilling -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sedimentary structures -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Formations (Geology) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Geology)
- Identifier: vital:11522 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/415 , Aquifers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Groundwater -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Water well drilling -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sedimentary structures -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Formations (Geology) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: Hydrogeologists have faced serious challenges worldwide in the characterization of fractured rock aquifers due to the heterogeneous nature of the imbedded geology. The bulk flow parameters in the Karoo strata in South Africa are specifically uncertain since most models are based on homogenous block systems. As part of a WRC research project, entitled “Measurement of the bulk flow and transport characteristics of selected fractured rock aquifer systems in South Africa”, this study focuses on the characterization, borehole drilling, flow parameter measurements and groundwater quality assessment of the Balfour Formation in the Beaufort Group of the Karoo Supergroup in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, which is seriously heterogeneous in deposition and has also been largely neglected as drilling targets for groundwater. The Balfour Formation comprises mostly mudstone, shale and sandstone, formed in a braided and meandering river system. In addition to the heterogeneous deposition, the flow pathways in this aquifer system are not fully understood due to lack of actual measurement data. The methods used in this study include field mapping, site characterization, borehole drilling, and pumping and tracer testing in order to obtain the borehole yield, aquifer transmissivity, storativity and groundwater flow velocity. In addition, the groundwater chemistry was also studied to determine quality for use and possible connectivity with the nearby Tyume River and to determine potential sources of groundwater contamination. The results obtained include: 1) The study area is predominantly mudstone/shale with thin layers and lenses of siltstone and sandstone, which are interbedded; 2) Two boreholes were successfully drilled, which had yields in excess of 10 l/s in four water levels (at 7, 22, 54 and 65 m); 3) The estimated average transmissivity is 246 m 2/day according to the recovery test; 4) The estimated seepage velocity is 120 m/day according to tracer tests in the aquifer between the two boreholes which are 5 m apart; and 5) The water chemical type is the combination of HCO3-, Cl-and SO42- , which is distinguishable from that of the Tyume river; 6) There is no evidence for groundwater recharge to the deep aquifers from the Tyume river, based on the differences of the water chemistry; 7) The elements Ca, Cl, Na and C are distributed more than 90% as free ion species in BH2 borehole water; and 8) The groundwater in BH2 borehole is undersaturated (negative SI) with respect to some minerals (for example: anhydrite, fluorite, gypsum and halite), oversaturated (positive SI) with respect to some minerals (for example: aragonite, calcite and dolomite). It is concluded that there is a great potential to obtain drilling targets for high yielding boreholes in the sedimentary rocks of the Balfour Formation in the Karoo Supergroup.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
The spatial evolution of the chemotaxis proteins of the Bacillus subtilis group
- Yssel, Anna Elizabeth Johanna
- Authors: Yssel, Anna Elizabeth Johanna
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Chemotaxis , Bacillus subtilis , Bacillus (Bacteria) , Homology (Biology) , Plants -- Microbiology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4027 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004087 , Chemotaxis , Bacillus subtilis , Bacillus (Bacteria) , Homology (Biology) , Plants -- Microbiology
- Description: The aim of this work was to study spatial evolution of the chemotaxis proteins of a group of plant-associated soil-dwelling bacteria vernacularly referred to as the B. subtilis group. This was achieved by creating homology models for the chemotaxis proteins if a suitable template was available, and by analysing the selective forces (positive, purifying or neutral) acting upon the chemotaxis proteins. Chemotaxis is the phenomenon in which bacteria direct their movement towards more favourable conditions, and is critical for processes such as obtaining nutrients, escaping toxic compounds, host colonization and bio-film formation. Members of the B. subtilis group exhibit different preferences for certain host plants, and it is therefore feasible that their chemotactic machinery are fine-tuned to respond optimally to the conditions of the various niches that the strains inhabit. Homology models were inferred for the plant growth promoting B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42 proteins CheB, CheC, CheD, CheR, CheW and CheY. The interactions between: CheC-CheD, the P1 and P2 domains of CheA with CheY and CheB, and the P4 and P5 domains of CheA with CheW were also modelled. The hydrophobic interactions contributing to intra- and inter-protein contacts were analysed. The models of the interactions between CheB and the various domains of CheA are of particular interest, because to date no structures have been solved that show an interaction between a histidine kinase (such as CheA) and a multidomain response regulator (such as CheB). Furthermore, evidence that phospho-CheB may inhibit the formation of phospho-CheY by competitively binding to the P2 domain of CheA is also presented. Proteins were analysed to determine if individual amino acid sites are under positive, neutral or purifying selection. The Methyl Accepting Chemotaxis Proteins (MCPs), CheA and CheV were also analyzed, but due to a lack of suitable templates, no homology models were constructed. Site-specific positive and purifying selection were estimated by comparing the ratios of non-synonymous to synonymous substitutions at each site in the sequences for the chemotaxis proteins as well as for the receptors McpA, McpB, and McpC. Homology models were coloured according to intensity of selective forces. It was found that the chemotaxis proteins of member of the B. subtilis group are under strong evolutionary constraints, hence it is unlikely that positive selection in these proteins are responsible for the differences in habitat preference that these organism exhibit.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Yssel, Anna Elizabeth Johanna
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Chemotaxis , Bacillus subtilis , Bacillus (Bacteria) , Homology (Biology) , Plants -- Microbiology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4027 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004087 , Chemotaxis , Bacillus subtilis , Bacillus (Bacteria) , Homology (Biology) , Plants -- Microbiology
- Description: The aim of this work was to study spatial evolution of the chemotaxis proteins of a group of plant-associated soil-dwelling bacteria vernacularly referred to as the B. subtilis group. This was achieved by creating homology models for the chemotaxis proteins if a suitable template was available, and by analysing the selective forces (positive, purifying or neutral) acting upon the chemotaxis proteins. Chemotaxis is the phenomenon in which bacteria direct their movement towards more favourable conditions, and is critical for processes such as obtaining nutrients, escaping toxic compounds, host colonization and bio-film formation. Members of the B. subtilis group exhibit different preferences for certain host plants, and it is therefore feasible that their chemotactic machinery are fine-tuned to respond optimally to the conditions of the various niches that the strains inhabit. Homology models were inferred for the plant growth promoting B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42 proteins CheB, CheC, CheD, CheR, CheW and CheY. The interactions between: CheC-CheD, the P1 and P2 domains of CheA with CheY and CheB, and the P4 and P5 domains of CheA with CheW were also modelled. The hydrophobic interactions contributing to intra- and inter-protein contacts were analysed. The models of the interactions between CheB and the various domains of CheA are of particular interest, because to date no structures have been solved that show an interaction between a histidine kinase (such as CheA) and a multidomain response regulator (such as CheB). Furthermore, evidence that phospho-CheB may inhibit the formation of phospho-CheY by competitively binding to the P2 domain of CheA is also presented. Proteins were analysed to determine if individual amino acid sites are under positive, neutral or purifying selection. The Methyl Accepting Chemotaxis Proteins (MCPs), CheA and CheV were also analyzed, but due to a lack of suitable templates, no homology models were constructed. Site-specific positive and purifying selection were estimated by comparing the ratios of non-synonymous to synonymous substitutions at each site in the sequences for the chemotaxis proteins as well as for the receptors McpA, McpB, and McpC. Homology models were coloured according to intensity of selective forces. It was found that the chemotaxis proteins of member of the B. subtilis group are under strong evolutionary constraints, hence it is unlikely that positive selection in these proteins are responsible for the differences in habitat preference that these organism exhibit.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
The design of a eucalyptus furniture manufacturing facility in Hogsback, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Yspeert, Hymie
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Furniture industry and trade -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MArch
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23727 , vital:30614
- Description: The purpose of this research is to investigate the tectonic poten¬tial of Eucalyptus. This is done by using the design of a furniture manufacturing facility in Hogsback as a scenario through which the tectonic potential of Eucalyptus can be explored. Eucalyptus as a material for investigation was chosen because, in the context of South Africa, Eucalyptus is listed as an invasive alien species which poses certain ecological problems to our ecosystems. Yet it is known as a versatile building material. The research is qualitative and empirical in nature and takes the form of pure research. The research was done by conducting site visits and through exploratory artworks and tectonic models (sculptures), as well as by reviewing relevant literature and conducting precedent studies based thereon. It was found that the tectonic potential of Eucalyptus rests in the ma¬terial’s great structural strength, compared to its weight. The factory type proved to be suitable building type through which to investigate the tectonics of Eucalyptus given its functional and architectural concern regarding structure and tectonics. The context of Hogsback added depth to the architectural challenge in requiring a response to climatic conditions, which can vary with vast extremes and can change within a short period of time. The practical implication of this research is that Eucalyptus has great potential in the making of architecture. It therefore warrants further investigation into the material’s structural properties which, thus far, has not been widely researched. This has become more of a necessity due to the fact that it is increasingly becoming more popular as an alternative to commercial species such as pine or other wood species used in the building construction.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Yspeert, Hymie
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Furniture industry and trade -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MArch
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23727 , vital:30614
- Description: The purpose of this research is to investigate the tectonic poten¬tial of Eucalyptus. This is done by using the design of a furniture manufacturing facility in Hogsback as a scenario through which the tectonic potential of Eucalyptus can be explored. Eucalyptus as a material for investigation was chosen because, in the context of South Africa, Eucalyptus is listed as an invasive alien species which poses certain ecological problems to our ecosystems. Yet it is known as a versatile building material. The research is qualitative and empirical in nature and takes the form of pure research. The research was done by conducting site visits and through exploratory artworks and tectonic models (sculptures), as well as by reviewing relevant literature and conducting precedent studies based thereon. It was found that the tectonic potential of Eucalyptus rests in the ma¬terial’s great structural strength, compared to its weight. The factory type proved to be suitable building type through which to investigate the tectonics of Eucalyptus given its functional and architectural concern regarding structure and tectonics. The context of Hogsback added depth to the architectural challenge in requiring a response to climatic conditions, which can vary with vast extremes and can change within a short period of time. The practical implication of this research is that Eucalyptus has great potential in the making of architecture. It therefore warrants further investigation into the material’s structural properties which, thus far, has not been widely researched. This has become more of a necessity due to the fact that it is increasingly becoming more popular as an alternative to commercial species such as pine or other wood species used in the building construction.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The role of African leadership values in achieving employee engagement in firms
- Authors: Yoyo, Vuyisa
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Leadership -- Africa , Management -- Moral and ethical aspects Employee motivation Business ethics -- Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13392 , vital:27181
- Description: Firms have been largely characterised by competition and this necessitates that organisations leverage on their own competitive advantage in order to stay relevant to their customers. This is applicable to organisations whether they sell products or render services. Employees become key in assisting organisations to ensure that they deliver quality services or products to these customers, as they are mostly the ones that liaise with these customers. Employee engagement becomes an important factor that needs to be understood together with the leadership values that can be utilised to increase employee engagement. Understanding the role of leadership values in achieving employee engagement is essential as this will assist management to practise and encourage the implementation of these values in their organisations. The aim of this study to assist organisations to improve employee engagement by investigating the leadership values that influence the increase in employee engagement. This study is specifically looking at investigating the role that African Values in Leadership (AVL), as measured by communalism, cooperativeness, selflessness and collectivism, play in the achievement of employee engagement in firms. An empirical study, consisting of a mail survey was conducted amongst 109 employees of the State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in the Eastern Cape Province. The purpose of the study was to investigate the extent and leadership determinants of employee engagement in the SOEs. The key findings indicated that AVL played a vital role in achieving employee engagement. Important values that were found to be significant in increasing employee engagement were selflessness, collectivism and cooperativeness. Furthermore recommendations were made to management to ensure that they encourage employees to practise AVL and also lead by examples through modelling these values to foster employee engagement in SOEs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Yoyo, Vuyisa
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Leadership -- Africa , Management -- Moral and ethical aspects Employee motivation Business ethics -- Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13392 , vital:27181
- Description: Firms have been largely characterised by competition and this necessitates that organisations leverage on their own competitive advantage in order to stay relevant to their customers. This is applicable to organisations whether they sell products or render services. Employees become key in assisting organisations to ensure that they deliver quality services or products to these customers, as they are mostly the ones that liaise with these customers. Employee engagement becomes an important factor that needs to be understood together with the leadership values that can be utilised to increase employee engagement. Understanding the role of leadership values in achieving employee engagement is essential as this will assist management to practise and encourage the implementation of these values in their organisations. The aim of this study to assist organisations to improve employee engagement by investigating the leadership values that influence the increase in employee engagement. This study is specifically looking at investigating the role that African Values in Leadership (AVL), as measured by communalism, cooperativeness, selflessness and collectivism, play in the achievement of employee engagement in firms. An empirical study, consisting of a mail survey was conducted amongst 109 employees of the State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in the Eastern Cape Province. The purpose of the study was to investigate the extent and leadership determinants of employee engagement in the SOEs. The key findings indicated that AVL played a vital role in achieving employee engagement. Important values that were found to be significant in increasing employee engagement were selflessness, collectivism and cooperativeness. Furthermore recommendations were made to management to ensure that they encourage employees to practise AVL and also lead by examples through modelling these values to foster employee engagement in SOEs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
A review of the implementation of the CAPS Life Skills curriculum training, as a recontextualising process, in engaging teachers in environmental education in two districts of the Eastern Cape Province
- Authors: Yoyo, Sindiswa
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Life skills Study and teaching (Continuing education) South Africa Eastern Cape , Environmental education Curricula South Africa Eastern Cape , Teachers In-service training South Africa Eastern Cape , Curriculum change South Africa Eastern Cape , Teachers Education (Continuing education) South Africa Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/61767 , vital:28057
- Description: This study examines how the implementation of CAPS Life Skills curriculum training (as a recontextualising process) is engaging teachers in environmental education. The research was centred on training manuals for Life Skills (Official Recontextualisation Field) and their use in CAPS training at district level in two Eastern Cape sites of recontextualisation (Professional Recontextualisation Field). During the training, teachers developed lesson plans that were reviewed and group interviews were conducted on the training process and its outcomes. The manuals, training process, lesson plans and interview transcripts were analysed for evidence of environmental education, notably content, teaching and learning methods and assessment strategies. Bernstein’s (1990) framework of the pedagogic device underpins this study. Here the concept of the relay is key for tracking the "relay” of the content, teaching and learning methods and assessment strategies through the processes of recontextualisation into the lesson plans for the field of production. During the process of de-location and relocation, gaps are created and this study sought to track and probe patterns of omissions that took place during the relay process in two cases of training. The review of the in-service training course process of recontextualisation and its cascading approach exposed challenges of omission as it became clear that at each level of the recontextualisation process, gaps were apparent. The study highlighted how the 3-5 day workshop process reviewed was not a robust model for professional development. It was not effective and changes in the mode of delivery and processes of support that reach into curriculum practice in the context of the school are recommended. The study concludes that there is a need for continuous professional development as teachers need ongoing support especially for a "new” curriculum like CAPS that is content driven.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Yoyo, Sindiswa
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Life skills Study and teaching (Continuing education) South Africa Eastern Cape , Environmental education Curricula South Africa Eastern Cape , Teachers In-service training South Africa Eastern Cape , Curriculum change South Africa Eastern Cape , Teachers Education (Continuing education) South Africa Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/61767 , vital:28057
- Description: This study examines how the implementation of CAPS Life Skills curriculum training (as a recontextualising process) is engaging teachers in environmental education. The research was centred on training manuals for Life Skills (Official Recontextualisation Field) and their use in CAPS training at district level in two Eastern Cape sites of recontextualisation (Professional Recontextualisation Field). During the training, teachers developed lesson plans that were reviewed and group interviews were conducted on the training process and its outcomes. The manuals, training process, lesson plans and interview transcripts were analysed for evidence of environmental education, notably content, teaching and learning methods and assessment strategies. Bernstein’s (1990) framework of the pedagogic device underpins this study. Here the concept of the relay is key for tracking the "relay” of the content, teaching and learning methods and assessment strategies through the processes of recontextualisation into the lesson plans for the field of production. During the process of de-location and relocation, gaps are created and this study sought to track and probe patterns of omissions that took place during the relay process in two cases of training. The review of the in-service training course process of recontextualisation and its cascading approach exposed challenges of omission as it became clear that at each level of the recontextualisation process, gaps were apparent. The study highlighted how the 3-5 day workshop process reviewed was not a robust model for professional development. It was not effective and changes in the mode of delivery and processes of support that reach into curriculum practice in the context of the school are recommended. The study concludes that there is a need for continuous professional development as teachers need ongoing support especially for a "new” curriculum like CAPS that is content driven.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
A predictive biogeography of selected alien plant invaders in South Africa
- Authors: Youthed, Jennifer Gay
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Alien plants -- South Africa , Biogeography -- South Africa , Acacia -- South Africa , Acacia mearnsii -- South Africa , Opuntia ficus-indica -- South Africa , Solanum -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4846 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005522 , Alien plants -- South Africa , Biogeography -- South Africa , Acacia -- South Africa , Acacia mearnsii -- South Africa , Opuntia ficus-indica -- South Africa , Solanum -- South Africa
- Description: Five techniques were used to predict the potential biogeography of the four alien plant species, Acacia longifolia, Acacia mearnsii, Opuntia ficus-indica and Solanum sisymbrifolium. Prediction was based on five environmental factors, median annual rainfall, co-efficient of variation for rainfall, mean monthly maximum temperature for January, mean monthly minimum temperature for July and elevation. A geographical information system was used to manage the data and produce the predictive maps. The models were constructed with presence and absence data and then validated by means of an independent data set and chisquared tests. Of the five models used, three (the range, principal components analysis and discriminant function analysis) were linear while the other two (artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic) were non-linear. The two non-linear techniques were chosen as a plant's response to its environment is commonly assumed to be non-linear. However, these two techniques did not offer significant advantages over the linear methods. The principal components analysis was particularly useful in ascertaining the variables that were important in determining the distribution of each species. Artifacts on the predictive maps were also proved useful for this purpose. The techniques that produced the most statistically accurate validation results were the artificial neural networks (77% correct median prediction rate) and the discriminant function analysis (71% correct median prediction rate) while the techniques that performed the worst were the range and the fuzzy classification. The artificial neural network, discriminant function analysis and principal component analysis techniques all show great potential as predictive distribution models.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1997
- Authors: Youthed, Jennifer Gay
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Alien plants -- South Africa , Biogeography -- South Africa , Acacia -- South Africa , Acacia mearnsii -- South Africa , Opuntia ficus-indica -- South Africa , Solanum -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4846 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005522 , Alien plants -- South Africa , Biogeography -- South Africa , Acacia -- South Africa , Acacia mearnsii -- South Africa , Opuntia ficus-indica -- South Africa , Solanum -- South Africa
- Description: Five techniques were used to predict the potential biogeography of the four alien plant species, Acacia longifolia, Acacia mearnsii, Opuntia ficus-indica and Solanum sisymbrifolium. Prediction was based on five environmental factors, median annual rainfall, co-efficient of variation for rainfall, mean monthly maximum temperature for January, mean monthly minimum temperature for July and elevation. A geographical information system was used to manage the data and produce the predictive maps. The models were constructed with presence and absence data and then validated by means of an independent data set and chisquared tests. Of the five models used, three (the range, principal components analysis and discriminant function analysis) were linear while the other two (artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic) were non-linear. The two non-linear techniques were chosen as a plant's response to its environment is commonly assumed to be non-linear. However, these two techniques did not offer significant advantages over the linear methods. The principal components analysis was particularly useful in ascertaining the variables that were important in determining the distribution of each species. Artifacts on the predictive maps were also proved useful for this purpose. The techniques that produced the most statistically accurate validation results were the artificial neural networks (77% correct median prediction rate) and the discriminant function analysis (71% correct median prediction rate) while the techniques that performed the worst were the range and the fuzzy classification. The artificial neural network, discriminant function analysis and principal component analysis techniques all show great potential as predictive distribution models.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1997
Designing and implementing a new pulsar timer for the Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory
- Authors: Youthed, Andrew David
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Astronomical observatories , Radio astronomy , Pulsars , Astronomical instruments , Reduced instruction set computers , Random access memory
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5458 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005243 , Astronomical observatories , Radio astronomy , Pulsars , Astronomical instruments , Reduced instruction set computers , Random access memory
- Description: This thesis outlines the design and implementation of a single channel, dual polarization pulsar timing instrument for the Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory (HartRAO). The new timer is designed to be an improved, temporary replacement for the existing device which has been in operation for over 20 years. The existing device is no longer reliable and is di±cult to maintain. The new pulsar timer is designed to provide improved functional- ity, higher sampling speed, greater pulse resolution, more °exibility and easier maintenance over the existing device. The new device is also designed to keeping changes to the observation system to a minimum until a full de-dispersion timer can be implemented at theobservatory. The design makes use of an 8-bit Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) micro-processor with external Random Access Memory (RAM). The instrument includes an IEEE-488 subsystem for interfacing the pulsar timer to the observation computer system. The microcontroller software is written in assembler code to ensure optimal loop execution speed and deterministic code execution for the system. The design path is discussed and problems encountered during the design process are highlighted. Final testing of the new instrument indicates an improvement in the sam- pling rate of 13.6 times and a significant reduction in 60Hz interference over the existing instrument.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Youthed, Andrew David
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Astronomical observatories , Radio astronomy , Pulsars , Astronomical instruments , Reduced instruction set computers , Random access memory
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5458 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005243 , Astronomical observatories , Radio astronomy , Pulsars , Astronomical instruments , Reduced instruction set computers , Random access memory
- Description: This thesis outlines the design and implementation of a single channel, dual polarization pulsar timing instrument for the Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory (HartRAO). The new timer is designed to be an improved, temporary replacement for the existing device which has been in operation for over 20 years. The existing device is no longer reliable and is di±cult to maintain. The new pulsar timer is designed to provide improved functional- ity, higher sampling speed, greater pulse resolution, more °exibility and easier maintenance over the existing device. The new device is also designed to keeping changes to the observation system to a minimum until a full de-dispersion timer can be implemented at theobservatory. The design makes use of an 8-bit Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) micro-processor with external Random Access Memory (RAM). The instrument includes an IEEE-488 subsystem for interfacing the pulsar timer to the observation computer system. The microcontroller software is written in assembler code to ensure optimal loop execution speed and deterministic code execution for the system. The design path is discussed and problems encountered during the design process are highlighted. Final testing of the new instrument indicates an improvement in the sam- pling rate of 13.6 times and a significant reduction in 60Hz interference over the existing instrument.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
Coega industrial development zone as a catalyst for development in NMBM
- Authors: Younouss, Sanda Oumarou
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Industrial development projects -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Industrial development projects -- South Africa Economic development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/36162 , vital:33901
- Description: It is common for countries to adopt growth-targeted strategies to address poverty and as a result, achieve development. South Africa is not an exception and that is the reason for implementing the industrial development zone (IDZ) programme, intended to achieve growth through exports. As part of this programme, the country established five IDZs, each of which operates in specific investment sectors. The economy of the Eastern Cape is experiencing difficulties in terms of unemployment, low wages and a declining population and the migration out of the Eastern Cape is due to limited job opportunities and low wages. The four largest economic sectors in the province are manufacturing, construction, agriculture and mining. The Coega IDZ (CIDZ) is located in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa and operates in six investment sectors, namely automotive, agro-processing and aqua farming, chemical manufacturing, business process outsourcing, energy and metals. This research investigated the contribution of the CIDZ as a tool for development in the Eastern Cape and South Africa. It further investigates its contribution to the development of the Eastern Cape in the event of its expansion across three additional investment sectors, namely electronics, clothing and furniture. With the aim of conducting a proper assessment of their contribution, the strengths and weaknesses of these three investment sectors were elucidated. Additionally, the research described the operation of four special economic zones (SEZs), namely the Zarqa Free Zone, the Jebel Ali Free Zone, the East London Industrial Development Zone (ELIDZ) and the Coega Industrial Development Zone (CIDZ). The research methodology used was that of a descriptive study (literature-based). The research revealed that there is a need to add these three investment sectors to the CIDZ in order to develop the Eastern Cape, as they have the potential to meet the challenges that the province is facing. The research led to a number of recommendations inspired by the SEZs presented in the descriptive study, to improve the contribution of the CIDZ to the development of the Eastern Cape.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Younouss, Sanda Oumarou
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Industrial development projects -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Industrial development projects -- South Africa Economic development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/36162 , vital:33901
- Description: It is common for countries to adopt growth-targeted strategies to address poverty and as a result, achieve development. South Africa is not an exception and that is the reason for implementing the industrial development zone (IDZ) programme, intended to achieve growth through exports. As part of this programme, the country established five IDZs, each of which operates in specific investment sectors. The economy of the Eastern Cape is experiencing difficulties in terms of unemployment, low wages and a declining population and the migration out of the Eastern Cape is due to limited job opportunities and low wages. The four largest economic sectors in the province are manufacturing, construction, agriculture and mining. The Coega IDZ (CIDZ) is located in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa and operates in six investment sectors, namely automotive, agro-processing and aqua farming, chemical manufacturing, business process outsourcing, energy and metals. This research investigated the contribution of the CIDZ as a tool for development in the Eastern Cape and South Africa. It further investigates its contribution to the development of the Eastern Cape in the event of its expansion across three additional investment sectors, namely electronics, clothing and furniture. With the aim of conducting a proper assessment of their contribution, the strengths and weaknesses of these three investment sectors were elucidated. Additionally, the research described the operation of four special economic zones (SEZs), namely the Zarqa Free Zone, the Jebel Ali Free Zone, the East London Industrial Development Zone (ELIDZ) and the Coega Industrial Development Zone (CIDZ). The research methodology used was that of a descriptive study (literature-based). The research revealed that there is a need to add these three investment sectors to the CIDZ in order to develop the Eastern Cape, as they have the potential to meet the challenges that the province is facing. The research led to a number of recommendations inspired by the SEZs presented in the descriptive study, to improve the contribution of the CIDZ to the development of the Eastern Cape.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The effect of global e-commerce on taxation legislation and the permanent establishment concept in South Africa
- Authors: Young, Nikita Jade
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Electronic commerce , Electronic commerce -- Taxation , Electronic commerce -- South Africa , Taxation -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , South African taxation , E-commerce , Permanent establishment , Foreign business entity
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:876 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001608 , Electronic commerce , Electronic commerce -- Taxation , Electronic commerce -- South Africa , Taxation -- Law and legislation -- South Africa
- Description: The objective of this thesis was to analyse the effect of the increasing popularity of global e-commerce on the South African legislative framework in respect of the taxation of non-resident enterprises, and to propose a possible solution for the taxation of e-commerce, taking into account previous theories. The methodology utilised comprised of a critical analysis of the legal rules relating to the taxation of a foreign entity's business profits by virtue of the application of the permanent establishment principle, its definition and evolution as a conceptual basis for taxation. Furthermore, an in depth evaluation of the various solutions that have already been proposed and, in some cases, implemented was undertaken. It was concluded that the application of the permanent establishment principle is wholly ineffective as a means to levy tax on the e-commerce business profits of a foreign entity as the principle relies too heavily upon a physical intermediary in the source state, whereas e-commerce transactions are conducted on the intangible trading platform of the Internet. In light of the numerous policy proposals advanced over the years, it was concluded that the most feasible and practical solution for the taxation of foreign e-commerce would be the imposition on a foreign entity in South Africa of a low withholding tax on the active business profits in excess of a pre-determined threshold. Key words: South African taxation; e-commerce; foreign business entity; permanent establishment; withholding tax
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Young, Nikita Jade
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Electronic commerce , Electronic commerce -- Taxation , Electronic commerce -- South Africa , Taxation -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , South African taxation , E-commerce , Permanent establishment , Foreign business entity
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:876 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001608 , Electronic commerce , Electronic commerce -- Taxation , Electronic commerce -- South Africa , Taxation -- Law and legislation -- South Africa
- Description: The objective of this thesis was to analyse the effect of the increasing popularity of global e-commerce on the South African legislative framework in respect of the taxation of non-resident enterprises, and to propose a possible solution for the taxation of e-commerce, taking into account previous theories. The methodology utilised comprised of a critical analysis of the legal rules relating to the taxation of a foreign entity's business profits by virtue of the application of the permanent establishment principle, its definition and evolution as a conceptual basis for taxation. Furthermore, an in depth evaluation of the various solutions that have already been proposed and, in some cases, implemented was undertaken. It was concluded that the application of the permanent establishment principle is wholly ineffective as a means to levy tax on the e-commerce business profits of a foreign entity as the principle relies too heavily upon a physical intermediary in the source state, whereas e-commerce transactions are conducted on the intangible trading platform of the Internet. In light of the numerous policy proposals advanced over the years, it was concluded that the most feasible and practical solution for the taxation of foreign e-commerce would be the imposition on a foreign entity in South Africa of a low withholding tax on the active business profits in excess of a pre-determined threshold. Key words: South African taxation; e-commerce; foreign business entity; permanent establishment; withholding tax
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
A critical edition of the Memoirs of Amelia de Henningsen (Notre Mère)
- Authors: Young, Margaret
- Date: 1984
- Subjects: Henningsen family , Henningsen family -- History , Autobiography
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2575 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003067 , Henningsen family , Henningsen family -- History , Autobiography
- Description: The chief purpose in editing the Memoirs of Amelia de Henningsen (Notre Mère) is to place on record the role played by this remarkable woman in laying the foundations of Catholic Education in southern Africa and in the building up of the Catholic Church in the Eastern Vicariate of the Cape of Good Hope and beyond. Emphasis has been placed on her achievements in these fields of labour.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1984
- Authors: Young, Margaret
- Date: 1984
- Subjects: Henningsen family , Henningsen family -- History , Autobiography
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2575 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003067 , Henningsen family , Henningsen family -- History , Autobiography
- Description: The chief purpose in editing the Memoirs of Amelia de Henningsen (Notre Mère) is to place on record the role played by this remarkable woman in laying the foundations of Catholic Education in southern Africa and in the building up of the Catholic Church in the Eastern Vicariate of the Cape of Good Hope and beyond. Emphasis has been placed on her achievements in these fields of labour.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1984
Justifiability as grounds for the review of labour arbitration proceedings
- Authors: Young, Kirsty Leigh
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: South Africa. Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration Mediation and conciliation, Industrial -- South Africa Arbitration, Industrial -- South Africa Arbitration, Industrial -- Law and legislation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: vital:3666 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003070
- Description: This thesis focuses on the review of labour arbitration awards given under the auspices of the following bodies: the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration ("CCMA"), bargaining councils, statutory councils, accredited private agencies and private arbitration tribunals. The general grounds of review applicable to the arbitration awards of each body are set out. Against this background, the case of Carephone (Pty) Ltd v Marcus NO & Others (1998) 19 ILJ 1425 (LAC) is analysed and the principles pertaining to the justifiability test are clarified. The judicial rationale for the application of the test to CCMA arbitration proceedings and criticisms of the test are then examined. Currently the justifiability test applies in the review of CCMA proceedings only, so the judicial reasoning for the rejection of justifiability as a ground for private arbitration review is examined. Three approaches are suggested for the application of the justifiability test in private arbitration review. First it is proposed that the Arbitration Act could be interpreted to include the justifiability test under the statutory review grounds. Failing the acceptance of this approach, the second submission is that arbitration agreements could be interpreted to include an implied term that the arbitrator is under a duty to give justifiable awards. A third suggestion is that the law should be developed by attaching an ex lege term to all arbitration agreements requiring arbitrators to give justifiable awards. In the final chapter, the requirement of justifiability in awards given under the auspices of collective bargaining agents and accredited private agencies highlights the incongruity in applying the justifiability test in CCMA arbitration review and in rejecting this test in private arbitration review.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
- Authors: Young, Kirsty Leigh
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: South Africa. Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration Mediation and conciliation, Industrial -- South Africa Arbitration, Industrial -- South Africa Arbitration, Industrial -- Law and legislation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: vital:3666 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003070
- Description: This thesis focuses on the review of labour arbitration awards given under the auspices of the following bodies: the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration ("CCMA"), bargaining councils, statutory councils, accredited private agencies and private arbitration tribunals. The general grounds of review applicable to the arbitration awards of each body are set out. Against this background, the case of Carephone (Pty) Ltd v Marcus NO & Others (1998) 19 ILJ 1425 (LAC) is analysed and the principles pertaining to the justifiability test are clarified. The judicial rationale for the application of the test to CCMA arbitration proceedings and criticisms of the test are then examined. Currently the justifiability test applies in the review of CCMA proceedings only, so the judicial reasoning for the rejection of justifiability as a ground for private arbitration review is examined. Three approaches are suggested for the application of the justifiability test in private arbitration review. First it is proposed that the Arbitration Act could be interpreted to include the justifiability test under the statutory review grounds. Failing the acceptance of this approach, the second submission is that arbitration agreements could be interpreted to include an implied term that the arbitrator is under a duty to give justifiable awards. A third suggestion is that the law should be developed by attaching an ex lege term to all arbitration agreements requiring arbitrators to give justifiable awards. In the final chapter, the requirement of justifiability in awards given under the auspices of collective bargaining agents and accredited private agencies highlights the incongruity in applying the justifiability test in CCMA arbitration review and in rejecting this test in private arbitration review.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
Examining the influence of extrinsic factors on herbivore assemblage composition in a southern African savanna
- Young, Cyanne, Smithwick, Erica
- Authors: Young, Cyanne , Smithwick, Erica
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Herbivores -- Ecology , Ungulates -- Ecology Mammal populations -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/44334 , vital:37154
- Description: Globally, herbivore populations have become threatened by the effects of a growing human population. This has resulted in over-hunting, habitat encroachment, fragmentation and degradation and competition leading to the replacement of wild herbivore populations with livestock. African herbivores, in particular, have experienced a severe decline in abundance and distribution, and vast conservation management efforts are underway to preserve herbivore populations and promote their growth. However, conservation management efforts sometimes have unintended consequences on the abundance and distribution of herbivores as a result of the complex interactions they have with their ecosystem. The aim of this study was to: 1) examine the drivers of herbivore distribution at the Satara section of Kruger National Park (hereafter ‘KNP’) at a landscape scale, to determine assemblage composition under the constraints of different environmental attributes; and 2) examine feeding selection by grazing herbivores of different morpho-physiological characteristics at a patch scale of differing environmental attributes. To achieve this, thirty-six experimental plots were established at three distances from water at Satara, and manipulated by mowing, mowing and fertilising or fertilising only over the course of a year, to account for seasonal effects. Each plot was fitted with a camera trap which ran for five weeks in each sampling season, and the data collected focussed on eleven herbivore species of differing body size, digestive strategy and feeding preference. These species were selected due to their abundance at Satara, and their representation of a variety of morpho-physiological characteristics. To achieve both aims, generalised linear models were used to determine the probability of occurrence of a functional type (for aim 1- Chapter 3), and individual species (for aim 2- Chapter 4). To construct the generalised linear models for Chapter 3, hypotheses about species’ relative distribution and abundance were developed through a literature review of forage and water availability constraints on feeding preference and body size of herbivore biomass at a landscape scale. I expected strong seasonal relationships between vegetation biomass and quality, and biomass of water-dependent herbivores with increasing distance to water. My analyses of herbivore distribution across the region confirmed broad-scale descriptions of interactions between forage requirements and water availability, across a set of species which differ in functional traits, at a landscape scale. In Chapter 4, trends in probability of occurrence by seven grazing herbivore species were determined using camera trap data at a patch scale. My results showed that season was a major determinant of species distribution, especially those which are not obligate grazers or feed exclusively in the 0.5 km to 2 km zone from water. I found that most selective feeding occurred in the late wet season when water would be more evenly distributed across the landscape and forage resources close to water would have had the chance to recover from depletion as a result of dry season use. The collective efforts of this study show that distance from water was a critical determinant of herbivore distribution across the landscape, and that forage utilisation by small mixed-feeders and large grazers in particular, altered significantly across seasons. This has important implications for the provision of artificial water, given that foraging pressure is increased closer to water. Landscape heterogeneity needs to be maintained through efficient water provision, to allow areas of forage reserve to maintained in the dry season, where species are constrained by water availability and forage quality and quantity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Young, Cyanne , Smithwick, Erica
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Herbivores -- Ecology , Ungulates -- Ecology Mammal populations -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/44334 , vital:37154
- Description: Globally, herbivore populations have become threatened by the effects of a growing human population. This has resulted in over-hunting, habitat encroachment, fragmentation and degradation and competition leading to the replacement of wild herbivore populations with livestock. African herbivores, in particular, have experienced a severe decline in abundance and distribution, and vast conservation management efforts are underway to preserve herbivore populations and promote their growth. However, conservation management efforts sometimes have unintended consequences on the abundance and distribution of herbivores as a result of the complex interactions they have with their ecosystem. The aim of this study was to: 1) examine the drivers of herbivore distribution at the Satara section of Kruger National Park (hereafter ‘KNP’) at a landscape scale, to determine assemblage composition under the constraints of different environmental attributes; and 2) examine feeding selection by grazing herbivores of different morpho-physiological characteristics at a patch scale of differing environmental attributes. To achieve this, thirty-six experimental plots were established at three distances from water at Satara, and manipulated by mowing, mowing and fertilising or fertilising only over the course of a year, to account for seasonal effects. Each plot was fitted with a camera trap which ran for five weeks in each sampling season, and the data collected focussed on eleven herbivore species of differing body size, digestive strategy and feeding preference. These species were selected due to their abundance at Satara, and their representation of a variety of morpho-physiological characteristics. To achieve both aims, generalised linear models were used to determine the probability of occurrence of a functional type (for aim 1- Chapter 3), and individual species (for aim 2- Chapter 4). To construct the generalised linear models for Chapter 3, hypotheses about species’ relative distribution and abundance were developed through a literature review of forage and water availability constraints on feeding preference and body size of herbivore biomass at a landscape scale. I expected strong seasonal relationships between vegetation biomass and quality, and biomass of water-dependent herbivores with increasing distance to water. My analyses of herbivore distribution across the region confirmed broad-scale descriptions of interactions between forage requirements and water availability, across a set of species which differ in functional traits, at a landscape scale. In Chapter 4, trends in probability of occurrence by seven grazing herbivore species were determined using camera trap data at a patch scale. My results showed that season was a major determinant of species distribution, especially those which are not obligate grazers or feed exclusively in the 0.5 km to 2 km zone from water. I found that most selective feeding occurred in the late wet season when water would be more evenly distributed across the landscape and forage resources close to water would have had the chance to recover from depletion as a result of dry season use. The collective efforts of this study show that distance from water was a critical determinant of herbivore distribution across the landscape, and that forage utilisation by small mixed-feeders and large grazers in particular, altered significantly across seasons. This has important implications for the provision of artificial water, given that foraging pressure is increased closer to water. Landscape heterogeneity needs to be maintained through efficient water provision, to allow areas of forage reserve to maintained in the dry season, where species are constrained by water availability and forage quality and quantity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
A study of the personal literature written in the Eastern Cape in the nineteenth century
- Authors: Young, Cheryl Ann
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Arkwright, Robert Wigram, 1822 -- Diaries , Armstrong, Frances -- Diaries , Bowker, Thomas Holden, 1807-1885 -- Diaries , Brownlee, James, 1824-1851 -- Diaries , Crealock, John North, 1837-1895 -- Diaries , Flanagan, Arthur Stephen -- Diaries , Hall, Henry, 1815 -- Diaries , Merriman, Nathaniel James, 1809-1881 Diaries , Pigot, Sophia, 1804-1881 -- Diaries , Stretch, Charles Lennox, 1797-1882 -- Diaries , Griffith, Patrick Raymond -- Diaries , Clergy -- South Africa -- Diaries , Diaries -- History and criticism , Soldiers -- South Africa -- Diaries , South African diaries -- History and criticism , Women -- South Africa -- Diaries
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2231 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002274 , Arkwright, Robert Wigram, 1822 -- Diaries , Armstrong, Frances -- Diaries , Bowker, Thomas Holden, 1807-1885 -- Diaries , Brownlee, James, 1824-1851 -- Diaries , Crealock, John North, 1837-1895 -- Diaries , Flanagan, Arthur Stephen -- Diaries , Hall, Henry, 1815 -- Diaries , Merriman, Nathaniel James, 1809-1881 Diaries , Pigot, Sophia, 1804-1881 -- Diaries , Stretch, Charles Lennox, 1797-1882 -- Diaries , Griffith, Patrick Raymond -- Diaries , Clergy -- South Africa -- Diaries , Diaries -- History and criticism , Soldiers -- South Africa -- Diaries , South African diaries -- History and criticism , Women -- South Africa -- Diaries
- Description: The evidence of these diaries, all written in the nineteenth century, reveals the heterogeneous nature of early settler society in the Eastern Cape. Generalizations can only be of the most tenuous kind in such a small sample; but women tend to dwell on the domestic, the men on their public lives, the most reticent about their private lives are the soldiers. There is one diary which can be described as personal; the diarists did not regard their diaries as appropriate repositories of their personal triumphs and failures. The perceptions formed in Britain about the land and people of Africa are not drastically modified upon arrival unless the diarist experiences a prolongued contact with either.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Young, Cheryl Ann
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Arkwright, Robert Wigram, 1822 -- Diaries , Armstrong, Frances -- Diaries , Bowker, Thomas Holden, 1807-1885 -- Diaries , Brownlee, James, 1824-1851 -- Diaries , Crealock, John North, 1837-1895 -- Diaries , Flanagan, Arthur Stephen -- Diaries , Hall, Henry, 1815 -- Diaries , Merriman, Nathaniel James, 1809-1881 Diaries , Pigot, Sophia, 1804-1881 -- Diaries , Stretch, Charles Lennox, 1797-1882 -- Diaries , Griffith, Patrick Raymond -- Diaries , Clergy -- South Africa -- Diaries , Diaries -- History and criticism , Soldiers -- South Africa -- Diaries , South African diaries -- History and criticism , Women -- South Africa -- Diaries
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2231 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002274 , Arkwright, Robert Wigram, 1822 -- Diaries , Armstrong, Frances -- Diaries , Bowker, Thomas Holden, 1807-1885 -- Diaries , Brownlee, James, 1824-1851 -- Diaries , Crealock, John North, 1837-1895 -- Diaries , Flanagan, Arthur Stephen -- Diaries , Hall, Henry, 1815 -- Diaries , Merriman, Nathaniel James, 1809-1881 Diaries , Pigot, Sophia, 1804-1881 -- Diaries , Stretch, Charles Lennox, 1797-1882 -- Diaries , Griffith, Patrick Raymond -- Diaries , Clergy -- South Africa -- Diaries , Diaries -- History and criticism , Soldiers -- South Africa -- Diaries , South African diaries -- History and criticism , Women -- South Africa -- Diaries
- Description: The evidence of these diaries, all written in the nineteenth century, reveals the heterogeneous nature of early settler society in the Eastern Cape. Generalizations can only be of the most tenuous kind in such a small sample; but women tend to dwell on the domestic, the men on their public lives, the most reticent about their private lives are the soldiers. There is one diary which can be described as personal; the diarists did not regard their diaries as appropriate repositories of their personal triumphs and failures. The perceptions formed in Britain about the land and people of Africa are not drastically modified upon arrival unless the diarist experiences a prolongued contact with either.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
Adaptation of the mathematics recovery programme to facilitate progression in the early arithmetic strategies of Grade 2 learners in Zambia
- Authors: Young, Catherine
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- Zambia Arithmetic -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- Zambia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/4977 , vital:20749
- Description: Research indicates that many children finish primary school in Southern Africa still reliant on inefficient counting strategies. This study extends the research of the South African Numeracy Chair project to early mathematics intervention with Grade 2 learners. It investigated the possible adaptation of the Mathematics Recovery programme to facilitate learner progression in early arithmetic strategies. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of adapting the Mathematics Recovery programme for use in a whole class setting, and to research the effectiveness of such an adapted programme. This study also aimed to investigate the extent of the phenomenon of unit counting and other early arithmetic strategies used in the early years in Zambia. This study was conducted from an emergent perspective. A review of the literature indicated that children who become stuck using unit counting face later mathematical difficulties, and that teacher over-emphasis on unit counting in the early years of schooling may be a contributing factor. This study used a qualitative design research methodology that consisted of a preparation phase, teaching experiment and retrospective analysis. The context of this teaching experiment was a seven week after-school intervention with a class of Grade 2 learners aged seven to eight in a rural Zambian primary school. Data collection and analysis focused on video recordings of a sample of 6 learners. The experimental teaching content focused on the Early Arithmetic Strategies aspect of the Mathematics Recovery programme. Although limited by time and research focus, this study found that all learners made some progress in early arithmetic strategies, and indicates that the Mathematics Recovery programme has potential for adaptation for early intervention in whole class teaching to address the mathematical education challenges in Zambia and beyond. This study also found that unit counting predominated in the sample learners, but that strategies were not yet entrenched, indicating this was a suitable age for early intervention. This study makes methodological contributions to a growing body of research into the adaptation of the Mathematics Recovery in Southern African contexts and suggests avenues for possible further research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Young, Catherine
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- Zambia Arithmetic -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- Zambia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/4977 , vital:20749
- Description: Research indicates that many children finish primary school in Southern Africa still reliant on inefficient counting strategies. This study extends the research of the South African Numeracy Chair project to early mathematics intervention with Grade 2 learners. It investigated the possible adaptation of the Mathematics Recovery programme to facilitate learner progression in early arithmetic strategies. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of adapting the Mathematics Recovery programme for use in a whole class setting, and to research the effectiveness of such an adapted programme. This study also aimed to investigate the extent of the phenomenon of unit counting and other early arithmetic strategies used in the early years in Zambia. This study was conducted from an emergent perspective. A review of the literature indicated that children who become stuck using unit counting face later mathematical difficulties, and that teacher over-emphasis on unit counting in the early years of schooling may be a contributing factor. This study used a qualitative design research methodology that consisted of a preparation phase, teaching experiment and retrospective analysis. The context of this teaching experiment was a seven week after-school intervention with a class of Grade 2 learners aged seven to eight in a rural Zambian primary school. Data collection and analysis focused on video recordings of a sample of 6 learners. The experimental teaching content focused on the Early Arithmetic Strategies aspect of the Mathematics Recovery programme. Although limited by time and research focus, this study found that all learners made some progress in early arithmetic strategies, and indicates that the Mathematics Recovery programme has potential for adaptation for early intervention in whole class teaching to address the mathematical education challenges in Zambia and beyond. This study also found that unit counting predominated in the sample learners, but that strategies were not yet entrenched, indicating this was a suitable age for early intervention. This study makes methodological contributions to a growing body of research into the adaptation of the Mathematics Recovery in Southern African contexts and suggests avenues for possible further research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The economic geography of the Union's chicory Industry : past and present
- Authors: Young, Bruce Stratton
- Date: 1959
- Subjects: Chicory -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:4882 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013438
- Description: The motivating force behind this survey and study of a branch of the Union's agricultural industry has been the conviction that detailed case studies of economic activities and their influences on the map of the country are the essential foundation stones on which mature scholars may build a perceptive and valuable economic geography of the Union.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1959
- Authors: Young, Bruce Stratton
- Date: 1959
- Subjects: Chicory -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:4882 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013438
- Description: The motivating force behind this survey and study of a branch of the Union's agricultural industry has been the conviction that detailed case studies of economic activities and their influences on the map of the country are the essential foundation stones on which mature scholars may build a perceptive and valuable economic geography of the Union.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1959
Implementation of integrated quality management systems in selected schools, Cofimvaba education district
- Authors: Yotsi, Melekeli
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Total quality management in education , Total quality management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Teachers -- Quality -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:8283 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1017551
- Description: This study evaluates the implementation of Integrated Quality Management System (IQMS) policy to improve the quality of teaching and learning at schools in the Cofimvaba Education District. IQMS involves the measurement and evaluation of teacher performance for developmental purposes and to reward the best performers in order to improve teaching. A qualitative research approach was adopted and data was collected using questionnaires distributed and retrieved from schools in order to determine educators’ experience of IQMS implementation. The data were then analysed using constant comparative methods. The findings indicate that most participants agreed with the objectives of the policy and felt that it should be retained to evaluate teacher performance for accountability purposes and improved teaching and learning results. The system has the potential to develop educators if is implemented honesty and as long as educators trust the evaluation processes to identify weaknesses and strengths. A key recommendation is that IQMS should be part of the school management team’s responsibilities, which must report quarterly on implementation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Yotsi, Melekeli
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Total quality management in education , Total quality management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Teachers -- Quality -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:8283 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1017551
- Description: This study evaluates the implementation of Integrated Quality Management System (IQMS) policy to improve the quality of teaching and learning at schools in the Cofimvaba Education District. IQMS involves the measurement and evaluation of teacher performance for developmental purposes and to reward the best performers in order to improve teaching. A qualitative research approach was adopted and data was collected using questionnaires distributed and retrieved from schools in order to determine educators’ experience of IQMS implementation. The data were then analysed using constant comparative methods. The findings indicate that most participants agreed with the objectives of the policy and felt that it should be retained to evaluate teacher performance for accountability purposes and improved teaching and learning results. The system has the potential to develop educators if is implemented honesty and as long as educators trust the evaluation processes to identify weaknesses and strengths. A key recommendation is that IQMS should be part of the school management team’s responsibilities, which must report quarterly on implementation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
The oversight role of governing bodies in selected schools in the Upper Xolobe administrative area, Tsomo Magisterial district
- Authors: Yotsi, Bafo Synford
- Date: 20XX
- Subjects: School boards -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape School management and organization -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/11320 , vital:26910
- Description: The primary aim of this study is to investigate the role of school governing bodies in their oversight role of the implementation of education departmental policies by school principals in selected schools in the Upper Xolobe Administrative Area. According to Clarke (2009: 14), there is no doubt that a school improves when a school’s governors exert their governance oversight authority in a way that promotes the effective use of resources and establishes a climate which encourages teaching and learning. South African schools, especially in rural areas, are still grappling with the challenges of electing effective people into school governing bodies (National Guidelines for School Governing Body Elections, 2012: 6). The Upper Xolobe Administrative Area is a rural traditional authority area under the traditional leadership of a headman who is appointed in line with traditional chieftainship under the supervision of a chief. There is also a democratically elected ward councillor as a political leader. In the area, there are seven General Education and Training (GET) band schools and one Further Education and Training (FET) band school or senior secondary school which offers tuition for grades 10 to 12. There are, therefore eight (8) governing bodies for the eight institutions. The majority of SGB members are not adequately educated. According to Clarke (2009: 1), schools are effective when there is an institutional environment that is conducive to teaching and learning. There is significant research identifying the characteristics of schools where good teaching and learning are evident, where there is a good work ethic and where children are provided with opportunities to develop to their full potential (Clarke, 2009: 1). The challenge for school governors is to see that they perform their governance functions in a way that will create a school environment where these characteristics are evident. The perceptible indications are that against the background of the challenge of the level of education of the majority of the parent members of SGBs, their mandatory term of office which is only three years and a myriad of other environmental challenges, the eight SGBs of the eight institutions in the Upper Xolobe Administrative Area are to grapple with, creating a school environment where the characteristics mentioned might be challenging. Two important principles of the South African Schools’ Act are concerned with inclusivity and decentralisation. Inclusivity means the participation of parents, educators, non-teaching staff, learners, and other people who are willing and able to make contribution to the school. Bringing decision-making closer to the people is desirable, but this in itself will not solve all the problems and challenges faced by school governing bodies. Research has shown that school governing bodies face many problems despite the fact that decisions are made by people closest to the situation (Ramadiro & Vally, 2005: 1). This study intends to investigate the combined effect of the various components constituting the school governing body members of eight schools in the Upper Xolobe Administrative Area in their oversight role of policy implementation by school principals or school managers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 20XX
- Authors: Yotsi, Bafo Synford
- Date: 20XX
- Subjects: School boards -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape School management and organization -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/11320 , vital:26910
- Description: The primary aim of this study is to investigate the role of school governing bodies in their oversight role of the implementation of education departmental policies by school principals in selected schools in the Upper Xolobe Administrative Area. According to Clarke (2009: 14), there is no doubt that a school improves when a school’s governors exert their governance oversight authority in a way that promotes the effective use of resources and establishes a climate which encourages teaching and learning. South African schools, especially in rural areas, are still grappling with the challenges of electing effective people into school governing bodies (National Guidelines for School Governing Body Elections, 2012: 6). The Upper Xolobe Administrative Area is a rural traditional authority area under the traditional leadership of a headman who is appointed in line with traditional chieftainship under the supervision of a chief. There is also a democratically elected ward councillor as a political leader. In the area, there are seven General Education and Training (GET) band schools and one Further Education and Training (FET) band school or senior secondary school which offers tuition for grades 10 to 12. There are, therefore eight (8) governing bodies for the eight institutions. The majority of SGB members are not adequately educated. According to Clarke (2009: 1), schools are effective when there is an institutional environment that is conducive to teaching and learning. There is significant research identifying the characteristics of schools where good teaching and learning are evident, where there is a good work ethic and where children are provided with opportunities to develop to their full potential (Clarke, 2009: 1). The challenge for school governors is to see that they perform their governance functions in a way that will create a school environment where these characteristics are evident. The perceptible indications are that against the background of the challenge of the level of education of the majority of the parent members of SGBs, their mandatory term of office which is only three years and a myriad of other environmental challenges, the eight SGBs of the eight institutions in the Upper Xolobe Administrative Area are to grapple with, creating a school environment where the characteristics mentioned might be challenging. Two important principles of the South African Schools’ Act are concerned with inclusivity and decentralisation. Inclusivity means the participation of parents, educators, non-teaching staff, learners, and other people who are willing and able to make contribution to the school. Bringing decision-making closer to the people is desirable, but this in itself will not solve all the problems and challenges faced by school governing bodies. Research has shown that school governing bodies face many problems despite the fact that decisions are made by people closest to the situation (Ramadiro & Vally, 2005: 1). This study intends to investigate the combined effect of the various components constituting the school governing body members of eight schools in the Upper Xolobe Administrative Area in their oversight role of policy implementation by school principals or school managers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 20XX
Computational design of a smart and efficient control system for a residential air source heat pump water heater
- Authors: Yongoua Nana Joel
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Heat pumps -- Specifications Water heaters Renewable energy sources
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4582 , vital:28435
- Description: An air source heat pump (ASHP) water heater is a renewable and energy efficient hot water heating technology. ASHP water heaters are fast gaining maturity in the South African market and in Africa at large due to their low energy consumption (about 67 percent lower than conventional geysers), relatively low installation and operation cost, their environmental friendly nature and possibly the ease to retrofit with the old inefficient technologies. Furthermore, ASHP water heaters make use of some of the most recent advancement in refrigeration technologies enhancing their performance through a wide range of weather conditions. However, residential ASHP water heaters which come at the tail of a series of highly sophisticated models still harbour primitive control designs. One of such control system is the intermittent (on/off) control whereby the ASHP unit responds to a temperature differential threshold rather than instantaneous temperature fluctuations. Unfortunately, this control method contributes to a rapid deterioration of the compressor and other actuators due to high starting current during transient states and partial loading. Capacity control is a better alterative as it offers a more reliable system’s performance as well as a better protection for the system components. However, the drawbacks of implementing such a technology on residential ASHP water heaters is the initial purchasing cost. We use a systematic approach in this research to circumvent the purchasing cost and complete redesign hysteresis. The first step was centered around a hypothetical analysis of the performance of the heat exchangers in a bid to uncover the weakness during the operation of a residential ASHP water heater. It was observed that at ambient temperatures above 22°C notably during summer and winter afternoons, water only harnesses about 75 percent of the total heat rejected. Furthermore, the actuators keep doing work for about 15-20 minutes even after the heat transfer process has ceased completely. Following these observations, a sequential flow algorithm was developed aimed at matching the consumption point to weather variables like ambient temperature and secondly to most efficiently synchronize actuator components for a better energy management. This novel control method can save up to 58 percent of energy compared to the conventional on/off method during summer afternoons and averagely 20 percent during the rest of the day. It also has the merit to be cost effective as it barely requires no component retrofitting.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Yongoua Nana Joel
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Heat pumps -- Specifications Water heaters Renewable energy sources
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4582 , vital:28435
- Description: An air source heat pump (ASHP) water heater is a renewable and energy efficient hot water heating technology. ASHP water heaters are fast gaining maturity in the South African market and in Africa at large due to their low energy consumption (about 67 percent lower than conventional geysers), relatively low installation and operation cost, their environmental friendly nature and possibly the ease to retrofit with the old inefficient technologies. Furthermore, ASHP water heaters make use of some of the most recent advancement in refrigeration technologies enhancing their performance through a wide range of weather conditions. However, residential ASHP water heaters which come at the tail of a series of highly sophisticated models still harbour primitive control designs. One of such control system is the intermittent (on/off) control whereby the ASHP unit responds to a temperature differential threshold rather than instantaneous temperature fluctuations. Unfortunately, this control method contributes to a rapid deterioration of the compressor and other actuators due to high starting current during transient states and partial loading. Capacity control is a better alterative as it offers a more reliable system’s performance as well as a better protection for the system components. However, the drawbacks of implementing such a technology on residential ASHP water heaters is the initial purchasing cost. We use a systematic approach in this research to circumvent the purchasing cost and complete redesign hysteresis. The first step was centered around a hypothetical analysis of the performance of the heat exchangers in a bid to uncover the weakness during the operation of a residential ASHP water heater. It was observed that at ambient temperatures above 22°C notably during summer and winter afternoons, water only harnesses about 75 percent of the total heat rejected. Furthermore, the actuators keep doing work for about 15-20 minutes even after the heat transfer process has ceased completely. Following these observations, a sequential flow algorithm was developed aimed at matching the consumption point to weather variables like ambient temperature and secondly to most efficiently synchronize actuator components for a better energy management. This novel control method can save up to 58 percent of energy compared to the conventional on/off method during summer afternoons and averagely 20 percent during the rest of the day. It also has the merit to be cost effective as it barely requires no component retrofitting.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017