Investigation of the bioconversion of constituents of olive effluents for the production of valuable chemical compounds
- Authors: Notshe, Thandiwe Loretta
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Phenols , Sewage -- Purification , Effluent quality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4078 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007446 , Phenols , Sewage -- Purification , Effluent quality
- Description: Olive mill wastewater is produced in large quantities during the production of olive oil and olive production effluents are produced during the processing of olives. This project was planned to find a use for constituents found in olive production wastewater. The task was carried out by first characterizing the olive effluents, then screening microorganisms for growth in the effluents and reduction of the pollutant properties of the effluents. An investigation into the biotransformation of aromatic compounds present in the effluents into useful chemicals, was carried out. The olive production effluents were collected from different stages in the process for treating olive wastewater, viz, a fermentation tank (FB), the surface of a digester (LV) and an evaporation pond (SO). The three effluents were characterized by investigating their phenolic composition. Protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, hydroxyphenyl acetic acid, coumaric acid and ferulic acid were identified in an olive effluent, FB, using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and High perfomance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Hydroxyphenyl acetic acid constitutes almost 60% of the organics in olive effluent FB. Five bacteria, namely RU-LV1; RU-FBI and RU-FB2; RU-SOI and RU-S02, were isolated from the olive effluents LV, FB and SO respectively. These isolates were found to be halotolerant and were able to grow over a broad temperature and pH range, with the maximum temperature and pH for growth being 28°C and pH 7 respectively. A range of microorganisms were evaluated for their ability to grow and reduce the total phenolic content of the olive effluents. Among these Neurospora crassa showed the highest potential for the biological reduction of total phenolics in olive effluents. Approximately 70% of the total phenolic content was removed by N. crassa. Trametes verscilor, Pseudomonas putida strains, RU-KMI and RU-KM3s, and the bacteria isolated from olive effluents could also degrade the total phenolic content of olive effluents, but to a lesser extent. The ability of the five bacterial isolates to grow and degrade aromatic compounds was assessed by growing them in medium with standard aromatic compounds. RU-L V1 degraded 96%, 100%, 73% and 100% of caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, p-coumaric acid and vanillic acid respectively. The other isolates degraded caffeic acid and protocatechuic acid, but their ability to degraded p-coumaric acid and vanillic acid was found to be lesser than the ability of RU-LV1 to degrade the same aromatic compounds. Whole cells of RU-LV1 degraded vanillic acid but no metabolic products were observed on HPLC analysis. Resting cells, French pressed extract, cell free extracts and cell debris from RU-LV1 cells induced with vanillic acid degraded vanillic acid, ferulic acid and vanillin at rates higher than those obtained from non-induced cultures. No products were observed during the degradation of vanillic acid. Ferulic acid was converted into vanillic acid by French pressed extract, cell free extract and cell debris of RU-LV1. The maximum yield of vanillic acid as a product (0 .23 mM, 50 %yield) was obtained when cell free extracts of RU-LVI, grown in glucose and induced by vanillic acid, were used for the degradation of 0.4 mM ferulic acid. Vanillin was rapidly converted into vanillic acid by resting cells, cell free extracts and French pressed extract of RU-LVI. Using molecular techniques, the similarity ranking of the RU-LVI 16S rRNA gene and its clone showed a high similarity to Corynebacterium glutamicum and Corynebacterium acedopltilum. The rapid degradation of vanillin to vanillic acid suggests that extracts from RU-LV1 degrade ferulic acid into vanillin which is immediately oxidized to vanillic acid. Vanillic acid is also considered as a high value chemical. This project has a potential of producing useful chemicals from cheap substrates that can be found in olive effluents. , KMBT_363
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Notshe, Thandiwe Loretta
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Phenols , Sewage -- Purification , Effluent quality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4078 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007446 , Phenols , Sewage -- Purification , Effluent quality
- Description: Olive mill wastewater is produced in large quantities during the production of olive oil and olive production effluents are produced during the processing of olives. This project was planned to find a use for constituents found in olive production wastewater. The task was carried out by first characterizing the olive effluents, then screening microorganisms for growth in the effluents and reduction of the pollutant properties of the effluents. An investigation into the biotransformation of aromatic compounds present in the effluents into useful chemicals, was carried out. The olive production effluents were collected from different stages in the process for treating olive wastewater, viz, a fermentation tank (FB), the surface of a digester (LV) and an evaporation pond (SO). The three effluents were characterized by investigating their phenolic composition. Protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, hydroxyphenyl acetic acid, coumaric acid and ferulic acid were identified in an olive effluent, FB, using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and High perfomance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Hydroxyphenyl acetic acid constitutes almost 60% of the organics in olive effluent FB. Five bacteria, namely RU-LV1; RU-FBI and RU-FB2; RU-SOI and RU-S02, were isolated from the olive effluents LV, FB and SO respectively. These isolates were found to be halotolerant and were able to grow over a broad temperature and pH range, with the maximum temperature and pH for growth being 28°C and pH 7 respectively. A range of microorganisms were evaluated for their ability to grow and reduce the total phenolic content of the olive effluents. Among these Neurospora crassa showed the highest potential for the biological reduction of total phenolics in olive effluents. Approximately 70% of the total phenolic content was removed by N. crassa. Trametes verscilor, Pseudomonas putida strains, RU-KMI and RU-KM3s, and the bacteria isolated from olive effluents could also degrade the total phenolic content of olive effluents, but to a lesser extent. The ability of the five bacterial isolates to grow and degrade aromatic compounds was assessed by growing them in medium with standard aromatic compounds. RU-L V1 degraded 96%, 100%, 73% and 100% of caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, p-coumaric acid and vanillic acid respectively. The other isolates degraded caffeic acid and protocatechuic acid, but their ability to degraded p-coumaric acid and vanillic acid was found to be lesser than the ability of RU-LV1 to degrade the same aromatic compounds. Whole cells of RU-LV1 degraded vanillic acid but no metabolic products were observed on HPLC analysis. Resting cells, French pressed extract, cell free extracts and cell debris from RU-LV1 cells induced with vanillic acid degraded vanillic acid, ferulic acid and vanillin at rates higher than those obtained from non-induced cultures. No products were observed during the degradation of vanillic acid. Ferulic acid was converted into vanillic acid by French pressed extract, cell free extract and cell debris of RU-LV1. The maximum yield of vanillic acid as a product (0 .23 mM, 50 %yield) was obtained when cell free extracts of RU-LVI, grown in glucose and induced by vanillic acid, were used for the degradation of 0.4 mM ferulic acid. Vanillin was rapidly converted into vanillic acid by resting cells, cell free extracts and French pressed extract of RU-LVI. Using molecular techniques, the similarity ranking of the RU-LVI 16S rRNA gene and its clone showed a high similarity to Corynebacterium glutamicum and Corynebacterium acedopltilum. The rapid degradation of vanillin to vanillic acid suggests that extracts from RU-LV1 degrade ferulic acid into vanillin which is immediately oxidized to vanillic acid. Vanillic acid is also considered as a high value chemical. This project has a potential of producing useful chemicals from cheap substrates that can be found in olive effluents. , KMBT_363
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
An analysis of how to improve customer relations in local government with particular reference to the Buffalo City Municipality in East London
- Authors: Ntsikeni, Zukiswa
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Customer relations -- South Africa -- East London , Municipal officials and employees -- Training of , Customer services -- South Africa -- East London , Municipal government -- South Africa -- Buffalo City Municipality , Local government -- South Africa -- Buffalo City Municipality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:10917 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/76 , Customer relations -- South Africa -- East London , Municipal officials and employees -- Training of , Customer services -- South Africa -- East London , Municipal government -- South Africa -- Buffalo City Municipality , Local government -- South Africa -- Buffalo City Municipality
- Description: The research was conducted to address the low service levels offered by Buffalo City Municipality. In the past Council has received numerous customer complaints to this effect, via correspondence and verbal communication to council delegates and officials. The executive head of the municipality has requested a turn around of this appalling situation. The aim of this research was to gain insight and meaning to the existing problem in an attempt to correct it. This was accomplished by identifying the problem, and then by introducing sub-problems to the main problem for practical and relevant solutions. The research was extended to cover the East London and King Williams Town Local Councils. This was undertaken through personal interviews with the Buffalo City Municipality staff, management, Salga officials and non-profit organisations that were involved in community research on service levels and delivery in local government for this region. Literature was reviewed on methods of improving customer relations in both the public and private sectors. Local and international best practices were analysed to benchmark against successful practices worldwide. Information relevant to Buffalo City’s scenario has been presented in this study, from the identification of effective customer relation practices, followed by the roles and skills required by management. In addition to the personal interviews conducted, a two-page questionnaire was compiled based on integrated information from literature reviewed on best practices, and staff and management input. The questionnaire formed part of the empirical study. Results of the study were critically analysed and revealed three main areas of urgent importance. These are: effective communication, the establishment of a customer care policy and procedures together with training and development. These are effectively achievable after the placement of staff. The study was concluded with a practical and applicable detailed programme of intervention.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Ntsikeni, Zukiswa
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Customer relations -- South Africa -- East London , Municipal officials and employees -- Training of , Customer services -- South Africa -- East London , Municipal government -- South Africa -- Buffalo City Municipality , Local government -- South Africa -- Buffalo City Municipality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:10917 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/76 , Customer relations -- South Africa -- East London , Municipal officials and employees -- Training of , Customer services -- South Africa -- East London , Municipal government -- South Africa -- Buffalo City Municipality , Local government -- South Africa -- Buffalo City Municipality
- Description: The research was conducted to address the low service levels offered by Buffalo City Municipality. In the past Council has received numerous customer complaints to this effect, via correspondence and verbal communication to council delegates and officials. The executive head of the municipality has requested a turn around of this appalling situation. The aim of this research was to gain insight and meaning to the existing problem in an attempt to correct it. This was accomplished by identifying the problem, and then by introducing sub-problems to the main problem for practical and relevant solutions. The research was extended to cover the East London and King Williams Town Local Councils. This was undertaken through personal interviews with the Buffalo City Municipality staff, management, Salga officials and non-profit organisations that were involved in community research on service levels and delivery in local government for this region. Literature was reviewed on methods of improving customer relations in both the public and private sectors. Local and international best practices were analysed to benchmark against successful practices worldwide. Information relevant to Buffalo City’s scenario has been presented in this study, from the identification of effective customer relation practices, followed by the roles and skills required by management. In addition to the personal interviews conducted, a two-page questionnaire was compiled based on integrated information from literature reviewed on best practices, and staff and management input. The questionnaire formed part of the empirical study. Results of the study were critically analysed and revealed three main areas of urgent importance. These are: effective communication, the establishment of a customer care policy and procedures together with training and development. These are effectively achievable after the placement of staff. The study was concluded with a practical and applicable detailed programme of intervention.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
Secretariate report - Mobilise and invest for a sustainable cadre development
- NUM
- Authors: NUM
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: NUM
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149517 , vital:38860
- Description: Three years ago this Province under the banner of the Western Cape National Union of Mineworkers gathered in this constitutional structure, the Regional conference under the slogan “Develop Leadership to Advance Socialism”. That conference then declared and adopted a comprehensive programme of action to take forward that Regional conference declaration. That the regional committee should and within the broad framework of the declaration ensure that the NUM in a regional context fight for better working conditions of our members. That the RC develops concrete programmes for the broader structures and membership to understand and ultimately be implemented at those levels. This conference has to deal with the assessment of the progress made during this period under review. Within the context of contestation forward mobility is ensured that seeks to help build the working class leadership which is ultimately or essentially political leadership. Worker control is one of the key founding principles of our union which will be better understood and implemented when we are to begin to find synergy between the worker leadership and the intellectual capacity within our organisation. This report will deal with the different chapters as identified. This report will also deal with our participation in COSATU structures as well as lack of cohesiveness between branch leaders and general membership and also the possible fear to engage. We will also try and attempt to discuss the lack of information flow from our structures to the broader membership. As we engage this report, let us try to use our organisational tools to resolve the problems facing our region and in particular the branches and as a result find suitable solutions to build and strengthen the organisation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: NUM
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: NUM
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149517 , vital:38860
- Description: Three years ago this Province under the banner of the Western Cape National Union of Mineworkers gathered in this constitutional structure, the Regional conference under the slogan “Develop Leadership to Advance Socialism”. That conference then declared and adopted a comprehensive programme of action to take forward that Regional conference declaration. That the regional committee should and within the broad framework of the declaration ensure that the NUM in a regional context fight for better working conditions of our members. That the RC develops concrete programmes for the broader structures and membership to understand and ultimately be implemented at those levels. This conference has to deal with the assessment of the progress made during this period under review. Within the context of contestation forward mobility is ensured that seeks to help build the working class leadership which is ultimately or essentially political leadership. Worker control is one of the key founding principles of our union which will be better understood and implemented when we are to begin to find synergy between the worker leadership and the intellectual capacity within our organisation. This report will deal with the different chapters as identified. This report will also deal with our participation in COSATU structures as well as lack of cohesiveness between branch leaders and general membership and also the possible fear to engage. We will also try and attempt to discuss the lack of information flow from our structures to the broader membership. As we engage this report, let us try to use our organisational tools to resolve the problems facing our region and in particular the branches and as a result find suitable solutions to build and strengthen the organisation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
Genetic characterization of conspecific populations of Tilapia Sparrmanii (A.Smith 1840) in the dolomitic sinkholes and springs of the North-West Province (South Africa), and their comparison to Tilapia Guinasana (Trewavas 1936)
- Authors: Nxomani, Clifford David
- Date: 2002
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4079 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007452
- Description: This study was undertaken to investigate the genetic relationships of allopatric populations of the cichlid fish, Tilapia sparrmanii (A. Smith 1840) inhabiting the sinkholes and springs of the North West Province, South Africa. It also examined the genetic relationships of T sparrmanii to its polychromatic sister species, Tilapia guinasana (Trewavas 1936) which is endemic to the Guinas sinkhole in Namibia. Finally, the study investigated whether there is a genetic basis for T guinasana's colour polymorphism. The research was prompted by the concern of conservation authorities about the possible loss of unique fauna given the high demand for use of the subterranean waters for agricultural, domestic and industrial purposes. Such demands have the potential to drain these habitats. Further concerns related to habitat destruction and the introduction of alien species in the ecosystems inhabited by both fish species. Three approaches were adopted in attempting to answer the above questions. First was the investigation of Sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS)-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) of total cellular proteins as a fast and relatively inexpensive indicator of genetic relatedness between the fish populations. Secondly, genetic differentiation between the T sparrmanii populations and its relationship to T guinasana were assayed using restriction endonuclease analysis of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-amplified regions of the cytochrome b gene and the d-Ioop of mitochondrial DNA, coupled with Temperature Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (TGGE) analysis of the same regions. The third approach involved the use of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting of the populations ofT sparrmanii as an indicator of genetic differentiation between them. RAPD fingerprinting was further used to investigate the genetic relationships between T sparrmanii and T guinasana and to probe the genetic basis of the polychromatism of the latter. SDS-PAGE did not reveal any genetic differentiation between the T sparrmanii populations, nor could the analysis detect variation within them. It however clearly distinguished at a species level between T sparrmanii and T guinasana as well as between these and other fish species, thus indicating its possible utility as an indicator of genetic relatedness at a species level. Mitochondrial studies employing the Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-amplified cytochrome b (1.1 kb) and d-Ioop regions (0.9 kb) with six and five restriction enzymes respectively, failed to reveal genetic differences within and between the allopatric populations. TGGE of500 bp of the d-Ioop and 400 bp of the 12sRNA PCR-amplified fragments did not reveal any differences between the populations of T. sparrmanii, nor did the analysis reveal any differences between T. sparrmanii and T. guinasana. The lack of differentiation between the T. sparrmanii populations by these mitochondrial Dna analysis techniques, despite habitat fragmentation, indicated a recent origin of the populations from a common ancestral population. Failure to distinguish between T. sparrmanii and T. guinasana may be related to the sensitivity of the techniques utilized. RAPD fingerprinting analysis indicated that the populations are genetically differentiated from each other. Using a measure of coefficient of variation, the population with the highest variation was the Wondergat population (13.99%), followed by the Klerkskraal popUlation (8.29%), the Malmani and Marico Oog populations (each with 5.88%) and the least variation (4.95 and 4.83%) was with the Amalinda and Molopo Oog populations respectively. This high degree of intra population similarity points to the fact that this differentiation is still confined within the limits of con specificity. The genetic distances between all of the T. sparrmanii populations across all primers ranged from 0.09 to 0.234 and averaged 0.146, a value that falls in the upper end of conspecific population differentiation. Such results indicate populational sub-division below the species level. RAPD fingerprinting therefore proved more sensitive than protein or mitochondrial studies. The differentiation it detected between the populations is a reflection of their adaptation to local conditions of the unique ecosystems they inhabit. A comparison with a subset of primers between T. guinasana and T. sparrmanii confirmed the separate species status of the former from the latter. The mean genetic distance between the T. sparrmanii populations was 0.136, compared to that between T. sparrmanii and T. guinasana which was found to be 0.374. Statistical analysis of the difference between the mean genetic distances indicated significance with 95% confidence. The polychromatism of T guinasana was investigated to determine whether there were significant differences between its five colour morphs. RAPD fingerprinting indicated with 95% confidence that there were significant differences between the colour forms based on the genetic distances computed between them. These genetic differences appeared to correlate with the observed assortative mating between the colour forms of the species. The manifestation of the polychromatism at sexual maturity in T guinasana probably indicates that colouration plays an important role in the breeding process. The genetic uniqueness shown here between the populations of T sparrmanii and the colour forms of T guinasana indicate for protective measures to be put in place if the genetic resources of the isolated fish populations are to be preserved. These must be coupled with a thorough assessment of the temporal and spatial distribution of genetic variability of the populations as a guide to a long-term management strategy for the fish populations and the ecosystems they inhabit. This study therefore has shown that the allopatric populations of T sparrmanii in the sinkholes and springs of the North-West Province are genetically unique, as well as show that the colour forms of T guinasana are genetically distinct.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Nxomani, Clifford David
- Date: 2002
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4079 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007452
- Description: This study was undertaken to investigate the genetic relationships of allopatric populations of the cichlid fish, Tilapia sparrmanii (A. Smith 1840) inhabiting the sinkholes and springs of the North West Province, South Africa. It also examined the genetic relationships of T sparrmanii to its polychromatic sister species, Tilapia guinasana (Trewavas 1936) which is endemic to the Guinas sinkhole in Namibia. Finally, the study investigated whether there is a genetic basis for T guinasana's colour polymorphism. The research was prompted by the concern of conservation authorities about the possible loss of unique fauna given the high demand for use of the subterranean waters for agricultural, domestic and industrial purposes. Such demands have the potential to drain these habitats. Further concerns related to habitat destruction and the introduction of alien species in the ecosystems inhabited by both fish species. Three approaches were adopted in attempting to answer the above questions. First was the investigation of Sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS)-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) of total cellular proteins as a fast and relatively inexpensive indicator of genetic relatedness between the fish populations. Secondly, genetic differentiation between the T sparrmanii populations and its relationship to T guinasana were assayed using restriction endonuclease analysis of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-amplified regions of the cytochrome b gene and the d-Ioop of mitochondrial DNA, coupled with Temperature Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (TGGE) analysis of the same regions. The third approach involved the use of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting of the populations ofT sparrmanii as an indicator of genetic differentiation between them. RAPD fingerprinting was further used to investigate the genetic relationships between T sparrmanii and T guinasana and to probe the genetic basis of the polychromatism of the latter. SDS-PAGE did not reveal any genetic differentiation between the T sparrmanii populations, nor could the analysis detect variation within them. It however clearly distinguished at a species level between T sparrmanii and T guinasana as well as between these and other fish species, thus indicating its possible utility as an indicator of genetic relatedness at a species level. Mitochondrial studies employing the Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-amplified cytochrome b (1.1 kb) and d-Ioop regions (0.9 kb) with six and five restriction enzymes respectively, failed to reveal genetic differences within and between the allopatric populations. TGGE of500 bp of the d-Ioop and 400 bp of the 12sRNA PCR-amplified fragments did not reveal any differences between the populations of T. sparrmanii, nor did the analysis reveal any differences between T. sparrmanii and T. guinasana. The lack of differentiation between the T. sparrmanii populations by these mitochondrial Dna analysis techniques, despite habitat fragmentation, indicated a recent origin of the populations from a common ancestral population. Failure to distinguish between T. sparrmanii and T. guinasana may be related to the sensitivity of the techniques utilized. RAPD fingerprinting analysis indicated that the populations are genetically differentiated from each other. Using a measure of coefficient of variation, the population with the highest variation was the Wondergat population (13.99%), followed by the Klerkskraal popUlation (8.29%), the Malmani and Marico Oog populations (each with 5.88%) and the least variation (4.95 and 4.83%) was with the Amalinda and Molopo Oog populations respectively. This high degree of intra population similarity points to the fact that this differentiation is still confined within the limits of con specificity. The genetic distances between all of the T. sparrmanii populations across all primers ranged from 0.09 to 0.234 and averaged 0.146, a value that falls in the upper end of conspecific population differentiation. Such results indicate populational sub-division below the species level. RAPD fingerprinting therefore proved more sensitive than protein or mitochondrial studies. The differentiation it detected between the populations is a reflection of their adaptation to local conditions of the unique ecosystems they inhabit. A comparison with a subset of primers between T. guinasana and T. sparrmanii confirmed the separate species status of the former from the latter. The mean genetic distance between the T. sparrmanii populations was 0.136, compared to that between T. sparrmanii and T. guinasana which was found to be 0.374. Statistical analysis of the difference between the mean genetic distances indicated significance with 95% confidence. The polychromatism of T guinasana was investigated to determine whether there were significant differences between its five colour morphs. RAPD fingerprinting indicated with 95% confidence that there were significant differences between the colour forms based on the genetic distances computed between them. These genetic differences appeared to correlate with the observed assortative mating between the colour forms of the species. The manifestation of the polychromatism at sexual maturity in T guinasana probably indicates that colouration plays an important role in the breeding process. The genetic uniqueness shown here between the populations of T sparrmanii and the colour forms of T guinasana indicate for protective measures to be put in place if the genetic resources of the isolated fish populations are to be preserved. These must be coupled with a thorough assessment of the temporal and spatial distribution of genetic variability of the populations as a guide to a long-term management strategy for the fish populations and the ecosystems they inhabit. This study therefore has shown that the allopatric populations of T sparrmanii in the sinkholes and springs of the North-West Province are genetically unique, as well as show that the colour forms of T guinasana are genetically distinct.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
Permaculture as an aspect of environmental learning: an investigation into secondary school communities in Zimbabwe
- Authors: Nyika, Mugove Walter
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Permaculture -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- Zimbabwe Land use -- Zimbabwe Land use -- Environmental aspects -- Zimbabwe Agriculture -- Zimbabwe Sustainable agriculture -- Zimbabawe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1960 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008447
- Description: The Schools and Colleges Permaculture (SCOPE) Programme in Zimbabwe has developed a process for use by schools in planning for the sustainable management of their land. The process is called Integrated Land-Use Design (ILUD) and is based on Permaculture principles. The ILUD process has so far been implemented in 54 pilot schools where it has been used to facilitate the re-design of the school grounds through the active participation of the students, staff and parents. The aim of this research was to investigate what environmental learning takes place during the implementation of the ILUD process and related activities, with a view to informing the improvement of the process. The research was conducted within the interpretive paradigm with particular use being made of the Symbolic Interactionist theoretical framework to explore the social situations in which the ILUD process has been applied. A purposive sample of two schools and five form 4 (grade 11) pupils from each school was selected for the study. The main data collection method was the structured interview. Other data were collected from nonparticipant observations and the analysis of documents, particularly photographs. The data was analysed using the constant comparative method. The findings point towards a significant contribution from the Permaculture activities to the environmental knowledge, environmental management skills and the positive environmental attitudes of the pupils. The work done at the two schools indicates the usefulness of the ILUD process as a tool for environmental action in the schools but its application in the communities was found to be limited by constraints such as lack of resources and the limited capacity of teachers to work in the field of adult education and training. It is recommended that Permaculture should be integrated into the secondary school curriculum if the momentum of the progress made so far is to be maintained. The SCOPE Programme itself needs to be strengthened for its work with communities. There is, for example, a need for adult education and training methods if the introduction of ILUD to the communities is to be successful.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Nyika, Mugove Walter
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Permaculture -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- Zimbabwe Land use -- Zimbabwe Land use -- Environmental aspects -- Zimbabwe Agriculture -- Zimbabwe Sustainable agriculture -- Zimbabawe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1960 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008447
- Description: The Schools and Colleges Permaculture (SCOPE) Programme in Zimbabwe has developed a process for use by schools in planning for the sustainable management of their land. The process is called Integrated Land-Use Design (ILUD) and is based on Permaculture principles. The ILUD process has so far been implemented in 54 pilot schools where it has been used to facilitate the re-design of the school grounds through the active participation of the students, staff and parents. The aim of this research was to investigate what environmental learning takes place during the implementation of the ILUD process and related activities, with a view to informing the improvement of the process. The research was conducted within the interpretive paradigm with particular use being made of the Symbolic Interactionist theoretical framework to explore the social situations in which the ILUD process has been applied. A purposive sample of two schools and five form 4 (grade 11) pupils from each school was selected for the study. The main data collection method was the structured interview. Other data were collected from nonparticipant observations and the analysis of documents, particularly photographs. The data was analysed using the constant comparative method. The findings point towards a significant contribution from the Permaculture activities to the environmental knowledge, environmental management skills and the positive environmental attitudes of the pupils. The work done at the two schools indicates the usefulness of the ILUD process as a tool for environmental action in the schools but its application in the communities was found to be limited by constraints such as lack of resources and the limited capacity of teachers to work in the field of adult education and training. It is recommended that Permaculture should be integrated into the secondary school curriculum if the momentum of the progress made so far is to be maintained. The SCOPE Programme itself needs to be strengthened for its work with communities. There is, for example, a need for adult education and training methods if the introduction of ILUD to the communities is to be successful.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
Some insights on the gap
- O'Donoghue, Rob, Lotz-Sisitka, Heila
- Authors: O'Donoghue, Rob , Lotz-Sisitka, Heila
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/182720 , vital:43856 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620220145410"
- Description: In our response to 'Mind the gap' by Kollmuss and Agyeman (2002) we review contemporary pro-environmental behaviour research and perspectives. We apply a social processes vantage point to reveal a blindness to the historical origins of these perspectives. Through drawing on a case in an African context, we illuminate the way in which experts in institutional contexts come to etch instrumental perspectives, and thus we probe the limitations of instrumentalist assumptions associated with pro-environmental behaviour research and perspectives. We also point to ideological blind spots and blockages that persist in disallowing social politics and history to illuminate the complexities of human social habitus, and we reveal some of the complexities that have been set aside in the Kollmuss and Agyeman article.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: O'Donoghue, Rob , Lotz-Sisitka, Heila
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/182720 , vital:43856 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620220145410"
- Description: In our response to 'Mind the gap' by Kollmuss and Agyeman (2002) we review contemporary pro-environmental behaviour research and perspectives. We apply a social processes vantage point to reveal a blindness to the historical origins of these perspectives. Through drawing on a case in an African context, we illuminate the way in which experts in institutional contexts come to etch instrumental perspectives, and thus we probe the limitations of instrumentalist assumptions associated with pro-environmental behaviour research and perspectives. We also point to ideological blind spots and blockages that persist in disallowing social politics and history to illuminate the complexities of human social habitus, and we reveal some of the complexities that have been set aside in the Kollmuss and Agyeman article.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
The development of a model for the assessment of the subject entrepreneurship and business management at the N4 level using an outcomes based education approach
- Authors: Olivier, Marina
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Curriculum-based assessment -- South Africa , Competency-based education
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10781 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/86 , Curriculum-based assessment -- South Africa , Competency-based education
- Description: The focus of this study is on assessment in an Outcomes Based Education environment. The question arises as to how assessment of Entrepreneurship and Business Management-N4 can be changed to suit an Outcomes Based Education approach. Action research was used as the research methodology and the findings were reported as case studies. A sample of three colleges in the Eastern Cape was chosen to take part in the study. Only two modules of the Entrepreneurship and Business Management-N4 syllabus were adapted to suit an Outcomes Based Education approach, as the students still had to write the normal external examination at the end of the semester as required by the Department of Education. In the first two cycles the participants implemented Outcomes Based Education in the classroom using only the resources available at the college for the old education system. During the third cycle the researcher implemented Outcomes Based Education in the classroom under the same circumstances, but with the advantage that the researcher benefited from the reflections of the first two cycles. In order for assessment to meet the requirements of an Outcomes Based Education approach, it was necessary to change teaching practices as well. Important aspects such as group work, new assessment methods, the role of resource materials and the training of lecturers were included in the study. At the end of the third cycle a model for the assessment of Entrepreneurship and Business Management-N4 was developed. Recommendations on aspects such as students, lecturers, resources and assessment were made.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Olivier, Marina
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Curriculum-based assessment -- South Africa , Competency-based education
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10781 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/86 , Curriculum-based assessment -- South Africa , Competency-based education
- Description: The focus of this study is on assessment in an Outcomes Based Education environment. The question arises as to how assessment of Entrepreneurship and Business Management-N4 can be changed to suit an Outcomes Based Education approach. Action research was used as the research methodology and the findings were reported as case studies. A sample of three colleges in the Eastern Cape was chosen to take part in the study. Only two modules of the Entrepreneurship and Business Management-N4 syllabus were adapted to suit an Outcomes Based Education approach, as the students still had to write the normal external examination at the end of the semester as required by the Department of Education. In the first two cycles the participants implemented Outcomes Based Education in the classroom using only the resources available at the college for the old education system. During the third cycle the researcher implemented Outcomes Based Education in the classroom under the same circumstances, but with the advantage that the researcher benefited from the reflections of the first two cycles. In order for assessment to meet the requirements of an Outcomes Based Education approach, it was necessary to change teaching practices as well. Important aspects such as group work, new assessment methods, the role of resource materials and the training of lecturers were included in the study. At the end of the third cycle a model for the assessment of Entrepreneurship and Business Management-N4 was developed. Recommendations on aspects such as students, lecturers, resources and assessment were made.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
A description of spatial and temporal aspects of the lifecycle of chokka squid Loligo vulgaris reynaudii on the inshore spawning grounds and Agulhas bank off the South Coast of South Africa
- Authors: Olyott, Leonard James Henry
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Squids -- South Africa , Loliginidae -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5253 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005096 , Squids -- South Africa , Loliginidae -- South Africa
- Description: The chokka squid, Loligo vulgaris reynaudii, is a commercially important species supporting a large, high-value export fishery for South Africa. This study reviewed its population dynamics and reproductive biology. Biological information collected on biannual research cruises from September 1986 to April 1999 on the Agulhas Bank as well as information from commercial vessels operating in the inshore environment collected between April 1988 and July 1989 and again between June 1999 and May 2000 were analysed. Size ranges of juveniles, subadults and adults were calculated and used to determine seasonal distribution and abundance patterns. Based on Gonadosomatic Indices (GSI) and percentages of mature squid in each month, two peak reproductive seasons in summer and winter were identified although mature squid were present all year round. Seasonal peaks in sex ratio were also apparent with males outnumbering females by up to 4:1 in the peak-breeding season. The size at which squid matured, demonstrated both spatial and temporal patterns. Squid caught in spring matured at a smaller size than squid caught in autumn and at successively smaller sizes from west to east across the Agulhas Bank. Size at maturity was highly variable especially in males where “sneaker males” were evident in both seasons. Length-to-weight linear regression revealed significant differences between maturity stages and between sexes. Females demonstrated steeper length-to-weight regression slopes than males in the peak-breeding seasons. Aspects of squid biology pertinent to fishery management were highlighted as well as potential areas where research should be directed in order to develop future stock assessment models.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Olyott, Leonard James Henry
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Squids -- South Africa , Loliginidae -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5253 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005096 , Squids -- South Africa , Loliginidae -- South Africa
- Description: The chokka squid, Loligo vulgaris reynaudii, is a commercially important species supporting a large, high-value export fishery for South Africa. This study reviewed its population dynamics and reproductive biology. Biological information collected on biannual research cruises from September 1986 to April 1999 on the Agulhas Bank as well as information from commercial vessels operating in the inshore environment collected between April 1988 and July 1989 and again between June 1999 and May 2000 were analysed. Size ranges of juveniles, subadults and adults were calculated and used to determine seasonal distribution and abundance patterns. Based on Gonadosomatic Indices (GSI) and percentages of mature squid in each month, two peak reproductive seasons in summer and winter were identified although mature squid were present all year round. Seasonal peaks in sex ratio were also apparent with males outnumbering females by up to 4:1 in the peak-breeding season. The size at which squid matured, demonstrated both spatial and temporal patterns. Squid caught in spring matured at a smaller size than squid caught in autumn and at successively smaller sizes from west to east across the Agulhas Bank. Size at maturity was highly variable especially in males where “sneaker males” were evident in both seasons. Length-to-weight linear regression revealed significant differences between maturity stages and between sexes. Females demonstrated steeper length-to-weight regression slopes than males in the peak-breeding seasons. Aspects of squid biology pertinent to fishery management were highlighted as well as potential areas where research should be directed in order to develop future stock assessment models.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
Voltammetric detection of vitamin B1 at carbon paste electrodes and its determination in tablets
- Oni, Joshua, Westbroek, Philippe, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Oni, Joshua , Westbroek, Philippe , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/289692 , vital:56663 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-4109(200209)14"
- Description: The voltammetric behavior of vitamin B1 in alkaline medium at carbon paste electrode (CPE) is discussed. A method based on cyclic voltammetry for the determination of vitamin B1 at carbon paste electrode modified with manganese phthalocyanine (MnPc-CPE) is presented. In pH 10 buffer, the modified electrode showed catalytic activity towards the oxidation of vitamin B1 by considerably increasing the oxidation current of one of the observed waves compared to the oxidation current obtained at an unmodified electrode. The modified electrode was stable towards the determination of vitamin B1 compared to the unmodified electrode that is completely poisoned after a few scans. A linear relationship between the oxidation current and the concentration of vitamin B1 in solution was observed. The detection limit for vitamin B1 at the modified electrode was of the order of 10−5 mol dm−3. Commercial vitamin B1 tablets were analyzed using the modified electrodes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Oni, Joshua , Westbroek, Philippe , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/289692 , vital:56663 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-4109(200209)14"
- Description: The voltammetric behavior of vitamin B1 in alkaline medium at carbon paste electrode (CPE) is discussed. A method based on cyclic voltammetry for the determination of vitamin B1 at carbon paste electrode modified with manganese phthalocyanine (MnPc-CPE) is presented. In pH 10 buffer, the modified electrode showed catalytic activity towards the oxidation of vitamin B1 by considerably increasing the oxidation current of one of the observed waves compared to the oxidation current obtained at an unmodified electrode. The modified electrode was stable towards the determination of vitamin B1 compared to the unmodified electrode that is completely poisoned after a few scans. A linear relationship between the oxidation current and the concentration of vitamin B1 in solution was observed. The detection limit for vitamin B1 at the modified electrode was of the order of 10−5 mol dm−3. Commercial vitamin B1 tablets were analyzed using the modified electrodes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
Voltammetric detection of vitamin B1 at carbon paste electrodes and its determination in tablets
- Oni, Joshua, Westbroek, Philippe, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Oni, Joshua , Westbroek, Philippe , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/289678 , vital:56662 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-4109(200209)14"
- Description: The voltammetric behavior of vitamin B1 in alkaline medium at carbon paste electrode (CPE) is discussed. A method based on cyclic voltammetry for the determination of vitamin B1 at carbon paste electrode modified with manganese phthalocyanine (MnPc-CPE) is presented. In pH 10 buffer, the modified electrode showed catalytic activity towards the oxidation of vitamin B1 by considerably increasing the oxidation current of one of the observed waves compared to the oxidation current obtained at an unmodified electrode. The modified electrode was stable towards the determination of vitamin B1 compared to the unmodified electrode that is completely poisoned after a few scans. A linear relationship between the oxidation current and the concentration of vitamin B1 in solution was observed. The detection limit for vitamin B1 at the modified electrode was of the order of 10−5 mol dm−3. Commercial vitamin B1 tablets were analyzed using the modified electrodes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Oni, Joshua , Westbroek, Philippe , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/289678 , vital:56662 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-4109(200209)14"
- Description: The voltammetric behavior of vitamin B1 in alkaline medium at carbon paste electrode (CPE) is discussed. A method based on cyclic voltammetry for the determination of vitamin B1 at carbon paste electrode modified with manganese phthalocyanine (MnPc-CPE) is presented. In pH 10 buffer, the modified electrode showed catalytic activity towards the oxidation of vitamin B1 by considerably increasing the oxidation current of one of the observed waves compared to the oxidation current obtained at an unmodified electrode. The modified electrode was stable towards the determination of vitamin B1 compared to the unmodified electrode that is completely poisoned after a few scans. A linear relationship between the oxidation current and the concentration of vitamin B1 in solution was observed. The detection limit for vitamin B1 at the modified electrode was of the order of 10−5 mol dm−3. Commercial vitamin B1 tablets were analyzed using the modified electrodes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
Spectrophotometric and electrochemical studies of the interaction between iron (II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine and histamine
- Oni, Joshua, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Oni, Joshua , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/289629 , vital:56657 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424602000233"
- Description: The interaction between iron(II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine ([FeIITSPc]4+) and histamine results in the oxidation of the central metal by oxygen in the former, with the formation of a complex denoted as [(His)FeIIITSPc]3− (where His = histamine). The rate constant for the formation of the complex is kf = 2.41 × 10−2dm3.mol−1.s−1 and an equilibrium constant of 6.3 dm3.mol-1 was obtained. The oxidation state of the central metal of [FeIITSPc]4− before and after the coordination of histamine is confirmed by spectroelectrochemistry. Further electrochemical oxidation of this [(His)FeIIITsPc]3− derivative results in a metal-based process proposed to involve an FeIV phthalocyanine species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Oni, Joshua , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/289629 , vital:56657 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424602000233"
- Description: The interaction between iron(II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine ([FeIITSPc]4+) and histamine results in the oxidation of the central metal by oxygen in the former, with the formation of a complex denoted as [(His)FeIIITSPc]3− (where His = histamine). The rate constant for the formation of the complex is kf = 2.41 × 10−2dm3.mol−1.s−1 and an equilibrium constant of 6.3 dm3.mol-1 was obtained. The oxidation state of the central metal of [FeIITSPc]4− before and after the coordination of histamine is confirmed by spectroelectrochemistry. Further electrochemical oxidation of this [(His)FeIIITsPc]3− derivative results in a metal-based process proposed to involve an FeIV phthalocyanine species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
Detection of neurotransmitters using metallophthalocyanines as electrocatalysts
- Authors: Oni, Joshua Idowu
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Neurotransmitters Electrochemistry
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4435 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007470
- Description: Some metallophthalocyanine complexes were synthesized and their catalytic activities towards the detection and quantification of the neurotransmitters dopamine, serotonin and histamine were investigated. The study of the possible interaction between these transmitter substances and the metallophthalocyanine complexes was undertaken. Dopamine, serotonin and histamine formed complexes with Iron (II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine. The rate and equilibrium constants obtained for the coordination are in the range of values reported in the literature for ligand coordination to iron phthalocyanine complexes. Carbon paste electrodes of millimetric diameters modified with Iron (II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine exhibited good electro catalytic activity towards the detection and analysis of dopamine and serotonin while at the same time eliminated the problem of interference posed by ascorbic acid in the electrochemical analysis of neurotransmitters. A detection limit of the order of 10-6 mol dm-3 was obtained for both dopamine and serotonin at the modified electrodes. Carbon paste ultra micro electrodes modified with iron (II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine were also used for the detection of dopamine and serotonin as well as the simultaneous determination of dopamine and ascorbic acid in a mixture. The detection limit obtained for dopamine at the ultra microelectrode was 4.2xlO-7 mol dm-3 The electrode kinetics of vitamin BI as well as the stability of the electrode towards its determination was improved upon by modifying carbon paste electrodes with manganese phthalocyanine. The modified electrodes were used for the analysis of vitamin BI in tablets.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Oni, Joshua Idowu
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Neurotransmitters Electrochemistry
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4435 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007470
- Description: Some metallophthalocyanine complexes were synthesized and their catalytic activities towards the detection and quantification of the neurotransmitters dopamine, serotonin and histamine were investigated. The study of the possible interaction between these transmitter substances and the metallophthalocyanine complexes was undertaken. Dopamine, serotonin and histamine formed complexes with Iron (II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine. The rate and equilibrium constants obtained for the coordination are in the range of values reported in the literature for ligand coordination to iron phthalocyanine complexes. Carbon paste electrodes of millimetric diameters modified with Iron (II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine exhibited good electro catalytic activity towards the detection and analysis of dopamine and serotonin while at the same time eliminated the problem of interference posed by ascorbic acid in the electrochemical analysis of neurotransmitters. A detection limit of the order of 10-6 mol dm-3 was obtained for both dopamine and serotonin at the modified electrodes. Carbon paste ultra micro electrodes modified with iron (II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine were also used for the detection of dopamine and serotonin as well as the simultaneous determination of dopamine and ascorbic acid in a mixture. The detection limit obtained for dopamine at the ultra microelectrode was 4.2xlO-7 mol dm-3 The electrode kinetics of vitamin BI as well as the stability of the electrode towards its determination was improved upon by modifying carbon paste electrodes with manganese phthalocyanine. The modified electrodes were used for the analysis of vitamin BI in tablets.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
Imaging the metaphysical in contemporary art practice : a comparative study of intertextuality, poststructuralism and metaphysical symbolism
- Authors: Opperman, J. A.
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Mind and body , Metaphysics in art
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Fine Art, Painting)
- Identifier: vital:10762 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/101 , Mind and body , Metaphysics in art
- Description: It was then that I decided to investigate how contemporary forms of metaphysical imaging have evolved formally and stylistically. I began to question how such approaches might be informed by current philosophical thought, given that many contemporary theorists have adopted a sceptical view towards metaphysical discourse. This point of contention presented me with the initial challenge of finding an artist whose exploration of metaphysical content is supported by topical philosophical thought. I intended this inquiry to serve as a basis from which to develop my own approach to imaging metaphysical content and to situate it within the context of contemporary thought.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Opperman, J. A.
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Mind and body , Metaphysics in art
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Fine Art, Painting)
- Identifier: vital:10762 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/101 , Mind and body , Metaphysics in art
- Description: It was then that I decided to investigate how contemporary forms of metaphysical imaging have evolved formally and stylistically. I began to question how such approaches might be informed by current philosophical thought, given that many contemporary theorists have adopted a sceptical view towards metaphysical discourse. This point of contention presented me with the initial challenge of finding an artist whose exploration of metaphysical content is supported by topical philosophical thought. I intended this inquiry to serve as a basis from which to develop my own approach to imaging metaphysical content and to situate it within the context of contemporary thought.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
De-scribing the Timaeus: a transgression of the (phal) logocentric convention that discourse has only one form, language
- Authors: Ord, Jennifer
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Discourse analysis , Art -- Philosophy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Fine Art)
- Identifier: vital:10763 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/115 , Discourse analysis , Art -- Philosophy
- Description: Like writing, art making is primarily a means of human expression, a means of communication – both “allow us to categorize our (inner and outer) environment as represented by symbols” (Appignanesi, 1999: 7). Yet it is language in the traditional Western garb of rational, philosophical discourse that has been perceived as the primary means of manifesting knowledge and positing truth, not only regarding the character of human existence, but also the nature of art. This infers the acceptance of both works as literally “truth of things”, and of “a language of reason” that “perfectly represents the real world” (Appignanesi, 1999: 77). Going against the grain of this traditional bias, Jacques Derrida holds that, firstly, “human knowledge is not as controllable or as cogent as Western thinkers would have it”: secondly, that language functions in “subtle and often contradictory ways” thus rendering certainty, truth, and perfect representation ever elusive to us (Lye, 1997: 2); and, thirdly, that “practices of interpretation which include art but are not limited to language, are extended discourses” (Appignanesi, 1999: 79). So, the “work of reason” (or rationalism) in this sense, is no longer the definitive “voice” of authority when it comes to ascribing meaning, proclaiming a message, defining truth, etc. Having the grip of its authority loosened and thus its rigid, imposing borders opened up, the communication of knowledge as a form of “aesthetic fiction” (Megill, 1987: 265) is allowed entry into the rarefied field of philosophical discourse. Moreover, if visual art (one such “aesthetic fiction”) is a process of sign-making, as is written and spoken language; if it therefore constitutes a signifying system, as does written and spoken language (Bal and Bryson in Preziosi, 1998: 242); and, if art is not just about autonomous, in-house formalism, then can it not, in any case, validly offer a form for discourse, albeit a different kind of discourse, a discourse that is not “truth seeking” (Sim, 1992: 33)? Here, the maker of the proposed artwork-asdiscourse would not be attempting to establish the truth or falsity of a philosophical position, but, as Derrida would have it, create a form which, without mimicry, would evocatively allude to Plato, his “deconstructor” and the maker of the proposed artwork. Discourse in this sense, then, would generate “active interpretation… infinite free association” (Megill, 1987: 283), because, as in Derrida’s writing, interpretation no longer aims at “the reconciliation or unification of warring truths (Sim, 1992: 10); in other words, it breaks with the (phal)logocentric tradition of discourse as dialectical and becomes questioning without closure. For visual art to enter the exalted arena of philosophical discourse, it cannot be selfreflexive in the Greenbergian or formalist sense – it has to be about something philosophical and this ‘something’ will be a deconstructive response to Plato’s doctrine of the two worlds in the Timaeus. What I propose presenting, then, is an imagographic rather than (phal)logocentric exposition of philosophical content where the aim is not to shape a certainty or to infer an absolute presence or essence of anything, but rather to suggest traces of the maker of the artwork reading Derrida, reading Plato. The proposed artwork as a response to texts will thus be a “pre-text” of my own endeavour.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Ord, Jennifer
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Discourse analysis , Art -- Philosophy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Fine Art)
- Identifier: vital:10763 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/115 , Discourse analysis , Art -- Philosophy
- Description: Like writing, art making is primarily a means of human expression, a means of communication – both “allow us to categorize our (inner and outer) environment as represented by symbols” (Appignanesi, 1999: 7). Yet it is language in the traditional Western garb of rational, philosophical discourse that has been perceived as the primary means of manifesting knowledge and positing truth, not only regarding the character of human existence, but also the nature of art. This infers the acceptance of both works as literally “truth of things”, and of “a language of reason” that “perfectly represents the real world” (Appignanesi, 1999: 77). Going against the grain of this traditional bias, Jacques Derrida holds that, firstly, “human knowledge is not as controllable or as cogent as Western thinkers would have it”: secondly, that language functions in “subtle and often contradictory ways” thus rendering certainty, truth, and perfect representation ever elusive to us (Lye, 1997: 2); and, thirdly, that “practices of interpretation which include art but are not limited to language, are extended discourses” (Appignanesi, 1999: 79). So, the “work of reason” (or rationalism) in this sense, is no longer the definitive “voice” of authority when it comes to ascribing meaning, proclaiming a message, defining truth, etc. Having the grip of its authority loosened and thus its rigid, imposing borders opened up, the communication of knowledge as a form of “aesthetic fiction” (Megill, 1987: 265) is allowed entry into the rarefied field of philosophical discourse. Moreover, if visual art (one such “aesthetic fiction”) is a process of sign-making, as is written and spoken language; if it therefore constitutes a signifying system, as does written and spoken language (Bal and Bryson in Preziosi, 1998: 242); and, if art is not just about autonomous, in-house formalism, then can it not, in any case, validly offer a form for discourse, albeit a different kind of discourse, a discourse that is not “truth seeking” (Sim, 1992: 33)? Here, the maker of the proposed artwork-asdiscourse would not be attempting to establish the truth or falsity of a philosophical position, but, as Derrida would have it, create a form which, without mimicry, would evocatively allude to Plato, his “deconstructor” and the maker of the proposed artwork. Discourse in this sense, then, would generate “active interpretation… infinite free association” (Megill, 1987: 283), because, as in Derrida’s writing, interpretation no longer aims at “the reconciliation or unification of warring truths (Sim, 1992: 10); in other words, it breaks with the (phal)logocentric tradition of discourse as dialectical and becomes questioning without closure. For visual art to enter the exalted arena of philosophical discourse, it cannot be selfreflexive in the Greenbergian or formalist sense – it has to be about something philosophical and this ‘something’ will be a deconstructive response to Plato’s doctrine of the two worlds in the Timaeus. What I propose presenting, then, is an imagographic rather than (phal)logocentric exposition of philosophical content where the aim is not to shape a certainty or to infer an absolute presence or essence of anything, but rather to suggest traces of the maker of the artwork reading Derrida, reading Plato. The proposed artwork as a response to texts will thus be a “pre-text” of my own endeavour.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
Cyclic voltammetric studies of octabutylthiophthalo-cyaninato-cobalt (II) and its self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on gold electrode
- Ozoemena, Kenneth, Westbroek, Philippe, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Ozoemena, Kenneth , Westbroek, Philippe , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/289567 , vital:56650 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424602000130"
- Description: The synthesis of thiol-derivatized cobalt phthalocyanine complex, 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octa (butylthiophthalocyaninatocobalt(II) (CoOBTPc) is described. Cyclic voltammetric data of this complex in DMF showed five quasi-reversible and reversible, diffusion-controlled redox couples, comprising both the phthalocyanine ring and central metal redox processes. The CoOBTPc complex forms a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on gold electrode. The investigation of the integrity of this SAM, using the established cyclic voltammetric methods in aqueous alkaline solutions, gave evidence about the formation of a stable and easily reproducible monolayer. However, due to its susceptibility to destruction via oxidative and reductive desorptions, its potential application as an electrochemical sensor in alkaline pH is limited to a potential window of between −0.20 and +0.55 V vs Ag/AgCl.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Ozoemena, Kenneth , Westbroek, Philippe , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/289567 , vital:56650 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424602000130"
- Description: The synthesis of thiol-derivatized cobalt phthalocyanine complex, 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octa (butylthiophthalocyaninatocobalt(II) (CoOBTPc) is described. Cyclic voltammetric data of this complex in DMF showed five quasi-reversible and reversible, diffusion-controlled redox couples, comprising both the phthalocyanine ring and central metal redox processes. The CoOBTPc complex forms a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on gold electrode. The investigation of the integrity of this SAM, using the established cyclic voltammetric methods in aqueous alkaline solutions, gave evidence about the formation of a stable and easily reproducible monolayer. However, due to its susceptibility to destruction via oxidative and reductive desorptions, its potential application as an electrochemical sensor in alkaline pH is limited to a potential window of between −0.20 and +0.55 V vs Ag/AgCl.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
Voltammetric characterization of the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of octabutylthiophthalocyaninatoiron (II)
- Ozoemena,Kenneth, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Ozoemena,Kenneth , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/290419 , vital:56748 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-4686(02)00362-6"
- Description: The fabrication of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octa (butylthio)-phthalocyaninatoiron(II) [FePc(SBu)8] on gold electrode is described. The integrity of the SAM, with respect to its ability to block certain Faradaic processes, is interrogated using cyclic voltammetric experiments in aqueous solutions. The experiments show that this SAM provide an excellent blocking capability to the Faradaic processes emanating from gold surface oxidation, underpotential deposition (UPD) of copper and redox chemistry of Fe(NH4)(SO4)2 in HClO4. It is revealed by cyclic voltammetry that an ill-defined reversible couple of the SAM of FePc(SBu)8 can be greatly improved by a simple repetitive cycling of the modified electrode in a DMF solution containing TBAP within a short space of time (ca. 2 min). This ‘activation’ process provides good information concerning the surface coverage and orientation of the monolayer. The reversible redox wave shows a potential shift of about −57 mV per pH in the pH range of 2–9. A preliminary investigation indicates that FePc(SBu)8-SAM modified gold electrode shows electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of L-cysteine in acidic medium. The monolayer is stable and easily reproducible. However, due to its susceptibility to destruction via oxidative and reductive desorptions, its potential application as an electrochemical sensor would be much better in acidic and neutral than alkaline environments.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Ozoemena,Kenneth , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/290419 , vital:56748 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-4686(02)00362-6"
- Description: The fabrication of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octa (butylthio)-phthalocyaninatoiron(II) [FePc(SBu)8] on gold electrode is described. The integrity of the SAM, with respect to its ability to block certain Faradaic processes, is interrogated using cyclic voltammetric experiments in aqueous solutions. The experiments show that this SAM provide an excellent blocking capability to the Faradaic processes emanating from gold surface oxidation, underpotential deposition (UPD) of copper and redox chemistry of Fe(NH4)(SO4)2 in HClO4. It is revealed by cyclic voltammetry that an ill-defined reversible couple of the SAM of FePc(SBu)8 can be greatly improved by a simple repetitive cycling of the modified electrode in a DMF solution containing TBAP within a short space of time (ca. 2 min). This ‘activation’ process provides good information concerning the surface coverage and orientation of the monolayer. The reversible redox wave shows a potential shift of about −57 mV per pH in the pH range of 2–9. A preliminary investigation indicates that FePc(SBu)8-SAM modified gold electrode shows electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of L-cysteine in acidic medium. The monolayer is stable and easily reproducible. However, due to its susceptibility to destruction via oxidative and reductive desorptions, its potential application as an electrochemical sensor would be much better in acidic and neutral than alkaline environments.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
The new moral order and racism in South Africa post 11 September 2001
- Painter, D, Macleod, Catriona I
- Authors: Painter, D , Macleod, Catriona I
- Date: 2002
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6215 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006266
- Description: In this paper we argue that globalisation imposes on ‘developing’ countries more than an economic order; they find themselves with the moral imperative to align themselves with the West against its Others, increasingly portrayed as Islamic fundamentalists. The 11 September terror attacks in the United States of America have pushed this process to a new level, with the attacks represented as no less than a barbaric attack on ‘civilisation’. Through an analysis of a newspaper article reporting on the disciplining of a Muslim woman in for wearing an Osama Bin Laden t-shirt to work in South Africa, we indicate how this moral representation of the 11 September events and the Islamic Other have unique local effects. In South Africa it creates yet more possibilities for racialising practices to continue without being framed in explicitly racial terms. We further reflect on the implications of these events, and the complex interplay of the global and the local they demonstrate, for critical psychology in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Painter, D , Macleod, Catriona I
- Date: 2002
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6215 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006266
- Description: In this paper we argue that globalisation imposes on ‘developing’ countries more than an economic order; they find themselves with the moral imperative to align themselves with the West against its Others, increasingly portrayed as Islamic fundamentalists. The 11 September terror attacks in the United States of America have pushed this process to a new level, with the attacks represented as no less than a barbaric attack on ‘civilisation’. Through an analysis of a newspaper article reporting on the disciplining of a Muslim woman in for wearing an Osama Bin Laden t-shirt to work in South Africa, we indicate how this moral representation of the 11 September events and the Islamic Other have unique local effects. In South Africa it creates yet more possibilities for racialising practices to continue without being framed in explicitly racial terms. We further reflect on the implications of these events, and the complex interplay of the global and the local they demonstrate, for critical psychology in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
From conflict to negotiation: nature-based development on the South African Wild Coast. Special edition
- Palmer, Robin C G, Timmermans, Herman G, Fay, Derek
- Authors: Palmer, Robin C G , Timmermans, Herman G , Fay, Derek
- Date: 2002
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:543 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011730
- Description: The Rio Earth Summit of 1992 introduced several new approaches to environmental management under the general heading of sustainable development. One of these approaches has forced conservationists to concede that it is no longer feasible or ethical to exlude resident communities from protected areas, as had been the practice for more than a century. The alternative approach highlighting considerations of social justice and economic empowerment, is to recognise that humans are also part of the local ecology, and to find sustainable ways to maintain local livelihoods along with biodiversity. Especially in the global South, resource-dependant communities associated with protected areas had long been subjected to removals or restrictions by the state, and had been forced to modify livelihoods historically dependant on abundant natural resources, usually resulting in their acute impoverishment. Eastern and Southern Africa had been particulr sites of the former protectionist policies and their frequently tragic sequels for communities. Following the Summit much energy has been expended on finding sustainable alternatives to relocation in these regions, particularly new livelihoods linked to ecotourism From Conflict to Negotiation provides a South African case study of the shift from protectionism to sustainable development in the 1990's. Located on the wild coast of the Eastern Cape, Dwesa-Cwebe consists of a nature and marine reserve with eight adjacent resident communities that have historically depended on local forest, grassland and coastal resources. This are has been the focus of one of the earliest efforts in the 'new' South Africa to restore to the Xhosa-speaking residents ownership of the protected area from which they had been excluded for decades. Unusually the resident initiated the process. While others celebrated the advent of the new democracy in South Africa in 1994, the residents of this remote area, whose grieviences had been ignored during the political transition, planned a protest strategy featuring co-ordinated invasions of the protected area. The protest action succeeded to the extent that it gained massive media attention and provoked the special attention of national and regional goverment, non-govermental organizations (NGOs) and academic researchers. An early academic intervention designed to bring the residents and conservationists together was later expanded. Complementing the roles of goverment and NGOs, environmentalists and socio-cultural anthropologists, among others involved in this project, have attempted to address the conundrum of sustainable development policy implementation in a complex setting. From conflict to Negotiation details the findings of this pioneering research project. It is the story of local empowerment regained as confrontation yielded to negotiation and negotiation yielded co-management, local ownership and developmental partnerships. This landmark study will provoke ongoing discussion and research in an exciting new forum of community development.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Palmer, Robin C G , Timmermans, Herman G , Fay, Derek
- Date: 2002
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:543 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011730
- Description: The Rio Earth Summit of 1992 introduced several new approaches to environmental management under the general heading of sustainable development. One of these approaches has forced conservationists to concede that it is no longer feasible or ethical to exlude resident communities from protected areas, as had been the practice for more than a century. The alternative approach highlighting considerations of social justice and economic empowerment, is to recognise that humans are also part of the local ecology, and to find sustainable ways to maintain local livelihoods along with biodiversity. Especially in the global South, resource-dependant communities associated with protected areas had long been subjected to removals or restrictions by the state, and had been forced to modify livelihoods historically dependant on abundant natural resources, usually resulting in their acute impoverishment. Eastern and Southern Africa had been particulr sites of the former protectionist policies and their frequently tragic sequels for communities. Following the Summit much energy has been expended on finding sustainable alternatives to relocation in these regions, particularly new livelihoods linked to ecotourism From Conflict to Negotiation provides a South African case study of the shift from protectionism to sustainable development in the 1990's. Located on the wild coast of the Eastern Cape, Dwesa-Cwebe consists of a nature and marine reserve with eight adjacent resident communities that have historically depended on local forest, grassland and coastal resources. This are has been the focus of one of the earliest efforts in the 'new' South Africa to restore to the Xhosa-speaking residents ownership of the protected area from which they had been excluded for decades. Unusually the resident initiated the process. While others celebrated the advent of the new democracy in South Africa in 1994, the residents of this remote area, whose grieviences had been ignored during the political transition, planned a protest strategy featuring co-ordinated invasions of the protected area. The protest action succeeded to the extent that it gained massive media attention and provoked the special attention of national and regional goverment, non-govermental organizations (NGOs) and academic researchers. An early academic intervention designed to bring the residents and conservationists together was later expanded. Complementing the roles of goverment and NGOs, environmentalists and socio-cultural anthropologists, among others involved in this project, have attempted to address the conundrum of sustainable development policy implementation in a complex setting. From conflict to Negotiation details the findings of this pioneering research project. It is the story of local empowerment regained as confrontation yielded to negotiation and negotiation yielded co-management, local ownership and developmental partnerships. This landmark study will provoke ongoing discussion and research in an exciting new forum of community development.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
Melatonin protects against copper‐mediated free radical damage
- Parmar, Paresh, Limson, Janice, Nyokong, Tebello, Daya, Santy
- Authors: Parmar, Paresh , Limson, Janice , Nyokong, Tebello , Daya, Santy
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/289617 , vital:56654 , xlink:href=" https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-079X.2002.01859.x"
- Description: Copper is an essential trace element which forms an integral component of many enzymes. While trace amounts of copper are needed to sustain life, excess copper is extremely toxic. Copper has been implicated in various neurodegenerative disorders, such as Wilson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Previous studies showed that melatonin, the principle secretory product of the pineal gland, binds Cupric chloride (Cu2+) and that this may have implications in copper-induced neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, in vitro copper-mediated lipid peroxidation was induced. Melatonin (5 mM) protected against copper-mediated lipid peroxidation in liver homogenates. Electron micrographs of in vivo administered Cu2+ and melatonin show that melatonin affords some protection to rat hepatocytes in the presence of copper. Electrochemical studies performed show that melatonin, in addition to binding Cu2+, may provide protection against copper-mediated free radical damage by binding Cu1+. The findings of these studies provide further evidence for the neuroprotective role of melatonin.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Parmar, Paresh , Limson, Janice , Nyokong, Tebello , Daya, Santy
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/289617 , vital:56654 , xlink:href=" https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-079X.2002.01859.x"
- Description: Copper is an essential trace element which forms an integral component of many enzymes. While trace amounts of copper are needed to sustain life, excess copper is extremely toxic. Copper has been implicated in various neurodegenerative disorders, such as Wilson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Previous studies showed that melatonin, the principle secretory product of the pineal gland, binds Cupric chloride (Cu2+) and that this may have implications in copper-induced neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, in vitro copper-mediated lipid peroxidation was induced. Melatonin (5 mM) protected against copper-mediated lipid peroxidation in liver homogenates. Electron micrographs of in vivo administered Cu2+ and melatonin show that melatonin affords some protection to rat hepatocytes in the presence of copper. Electrochemical studies performed show that melatonin, in addition to binding Cu2+, may provide protection against copper-mediated free radical damage by binding Cu1+. The findings of these studies provide further evidence for the neuroprotective role of melatonin.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
The pursuit of paternal custody
- Authors: Pieterse, Johanna Tyziena
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Custody of children -- South Africa , Paternal custody -- South Africa , Divorced fathers -- South Africa , Father and child -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:3398 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018266
- Description: Issues concerning children may be the most intense and emotive areas of divorce and can lead to spectacular legal battles. Social work practice revealed that it is often the father who leaves the court, stripped of his fatherhood by a court order that only grants him limited access to his own children. Some divorced fathers disengage from their children's lives but there is documented evidence of South African fathers who desire continuity in their relationships with their children after divorce. An interest in these fathers prompted this study. Fathers who challenged maternal custody were selected since it was assumed that their lived experiences would include non-custodial as well as custodial fatherhood. The study was approached from a constructivist position and was further informed by a family systems theory. South African and international literature was perused followed by an exploratory study on the relatively uncharted terrain of paternal custody. A qualitative method was used and one unstructured interview with a schedule was conducted with each of the five respondents who were selected according to non-probability purposive sampling methods. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data was analysed cross-sectionally around certain themes and categories that were extracted from the data. The most significant findings of the study which appear to resemble some earlier national and international findings, are summarised as follows: Some fathers appear to have sound motives for pursuing custody of their children. These fathers, if afforded the opportunity, find fulfilment in parenting their children whom they perceive to be happy and prosperous in their care. There are fathers in whom divorce causes clear and profound signs of distress which appear to be related to the loss of the pre-divorce father I child relationship. The feeling of powerlessness to effect the well-being of their children as they see it was emphasised. Recommendations generated from these findings relate to the elimination of gender bias from custody decisions, including fathers in therapeutic interventions with divorced families and the provision of family courts and mediation services as suggested in the White Paper for Social Welfare. Recommendations for future research are also presented.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Pieterse, Johanna Tyziena
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Custody of children -- South Africa , Paternal custody -- South Africa , Divorced fathers -- South Africa , Father and child -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:3398 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018266
- Description: Issues concerning children may be the most intense and emotive areas of divorce and can lead to spectacular legal battles. Social work practice revealed that it is often the father who leaves the court, stripped of his fatherhood by a court order that only grants him limited access to his own children. Some divorced fathers disengage from their children's lives but there is documented evidence of South African fathers who desire continuity in their relationships with their children after divorce. An interest in these fathers prompted this study. Fathers who challenged maternal custody were selected since it was assumed that their lived experiences would include non-custodial as well as custodial fatherhood. The study was approached from a constructivist position and was further informed by a family systems theory. South African and international literature was perused followed by an exploratory study on the relatively uncharted terrain of paternal custody. A qualitative method was used and one unstructured interview with a schedule was conducted with each of the five respondents who were selected according to non-probability purposive sampling methods. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data was analysed cross-sectionally around certain themes and categories that were extracted from the data. The most significant findings of the study which appear to resemble some earlier national and international findings, are summarised as follows: Some fathers appear to have sound motives for pursuing custody of their children. These fathers, if afforded the opportunity, find fulfilment in parenting their children whom they perceive to be happy and prosperous in their care. There are fathers in whom divorce causes clear and profound signs of distress which appear to be related to the loss of the pre-divorce father I child relationship. The feeling of powerlessness to effect the well-being of their children as they see it was emphasised. Recommendations generated from these findings relate to the elimination of gender bias from custody decisions, including fathers in therapeutic interventions with divorced families and the provision of family courts and mediation services as suggested in the White Paper for Social Welfare. Recommendations for future research are also presented.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002