Curriculum Development 2: CUD 502
- Adendorff, M, Mafanya, Z, Blignaut, S
- Authors: Adendorff, M , Mafanya, Z , Blignaut, S
- Date: 2009-11
- Subjects: Education -- Curriculum
- Language: English
- Type: Examination paper
- Identifier: vital:17325 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1010174
- Description: Examination on Curriculum Development 2: CUD 502, November 2009.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2009-11
- Authors: Adendorff, M , Mafanya, Z , Blignaut, S
- Date: 2009-11
- Subjects: Education -- Curriculum
- Language: English
- Type: Examination paper
- Identifier: vital:17325 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1010174
- Description: Examination on Curriculum Development 2: CUD 502, November 2009.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2009-11
Curriculum Development 1: CUD 501
- Authors: Adendorff, M , Blignaut, S
- Date: 2009-11
- Subjects: Education -- Curriculum
- Language: English
- Type: Examination paper
- Identifier: vital:17324 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1010172
- Description: Examination on Curriculum Development 1: CUD 501, November 2009.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2009-11
- Authors: Adendorff, M , Blignaut, S
- Date: 2009-11
- Subjects: Education -- Curriculum
- Language: English
- Type: Examination paper
- Identifier: vital:17324 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1010172
- Description: Examination on Curriculum Development 1: CUD 501, November 2009.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2009-11
Marine anti-malarial isonitriles : a synthetic and computational study
- Authors: Adendorff, Matthew Ralph
- Date: 2011 , 2010-05-17
- Subjects: Isocyanides , Isocyanates , Marine pharmacology , Antimalarials , Antimalarials -- Development , Drug development
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4398 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006674 , Isocyanides , Isocyanates , Marine pharmacology , Antimalarials , Antimalarials -- Development , Drug development
- Description: The development of Plasmodium falciparum malarial resistance to the current armoury of anti-malarial drugs requires the development of new treatments to help combat this disease. The marine environment is a well established source of potential pharmaceuticals. Of interest to us are isonitrile, isocyanate and isothiocyanate compounds isolated from marine sponges and molluscs which have exhibited nano-molar anti-plasmodial activities. Through quantitative structure-activity relation studies (QSAR), a literature precedent exists for a pseudoreceptor model from which a pharmacophore for the design of novel anti-malarial agents was proposed. The current theory suggests that these marine compounds exert their inhibitory action through interfering with the heme detoxification pathway in P. falciparum. We propose that the computational methods used to draw detailed conclusions about the mode of action of these marine compounds were inadequate. This thesis addresses this problem using contemporary computational methodologies and seeks to propose a more robust method for the rational design of new anti-malarial drug compounds that inhibit heme polymerization to hemozoin. In order to investigate the interactions of the marine compounds with their heme targets, a series of modern computational procedures were formulated, validated and then applied to theoretical systems. The validations of these algorithms, before their application to the marine compound-heme systems, were achieved through two case studies. The first was used to investigate the applicability of the statistical docking algorithm AutoDock to be used for the exploration of conformational space around the heme target. A theoretical P. falciparum 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (PfDXR) enzyme model, constructed by the Biochemistry Department at Rhodes University, provided the ideal model to validate the AutoDock program. The protein model was accordingly subjected to rigorous docking simulations with over 30 different ligand molecules using the AutoDock algorithm which allowed for the docking algorithm’s limitations to be ascertained and improved upon. This investigation facilitated the successful validation of the protein model, which can now be used for the rational design of new PfDXR-inhibiting anti-plasmodial compounds, as well as enabling us to propose an improvement of the docking algorithm for application to the heme systems. The second case study was used to investigate the applicability of an ab initio molecular dynamics algorithm for simulation of bond breaking/forming events between the marine compounds and their heme target. This validation involved the exploration of intermolecular interactions in a naturally occurring nonoligomeric zipper using the Car-Parrinello Molecular Dynamics (CPMD) method. This study allowed us to propose a model for the intermolecular forces responsible for zipper self-assembly and showcased the CPMD method’s abilities to simulate and predict bond forming/breaking events. Data from the computational analyses suggested that the interactions between marine isonitriles, isocyanates and isothiocyanates occur through bond-less electrostatic attractions rather than through formal intermolecular bonds as had been previously suggested. Accordingly, a simple bicyclic tertiary isonitrile (5.14) was synthesized using Kitano et al’s relatively underutilized isonitrile synthetic method for the conversion of tertiary alcohols to their corresponding isonitriles. This compound’s potential for heme detoxification inhibition was then explored in vitro via the pyridine-hemochrome assay. The assay data suggested that the synthesized isonitrile was capable of inhibiting heme polymerization in a similar fashion to the known inhibitor chloroquine. Attempts to synthesize tricyclic analogues of 5.14 were unsuccessful and highlighted the limitation of Kitano et al’s isonitrile synthetic methodology.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Adendorff, Matthew Ralph
- Date: 2011 , 2010-05-17
- Subjects: Isocyanides , Isocyanates , Marine pharmacology , Antimalarials , Antimalarials -- Development , Drug development
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4398 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006674 , Isocyanides , Isocyanates , Marine pharmacology , Antimalarials , Antimalarials -- Development , Drug development
- Description: The development of Plasmodium falciparum malarial resistance to the current armoury of anti-malarial drugs requires the development of new treatments to help combat this disease. The marine environment is a well established source of potential pharmaceuticals. Of interest to us are isonitrile, isocyanate and isothiocyanate compounds isolated from marine sponges and molluscs which have exhibited nano-molar anti-plasmodial activities. Through quantitative structure-activity relation studies (QSAR), a literature precedent exists for a pseudoreceptor model from which a pharmacophore for the design of novel anti-malarial agents was proposed. The current theory suggests that these marine compounds exert their inhibitory action through interfering with the heme detoxification pathway in P. falciparum. We propose that the computational methods used to draw detailed conclusions about the mode of action of these marine compounds were inadequate. This thesis addresses this problem using contemporary computational methodologies and seeks to propose a more robust method for the rational design of new anti-malarial drug compounds that inhibit heme polymerization to hemozoin. In order to investigate the interactions of the marine compounds with their heme targets, a series of modern computational procedures were formulated, validated and then applied to theoretical systems. The validations of these algorithms, before their application to the marine compound-heme systems, were achieved through two case studies. The first was used to investigate the applicability of the statistical docking algorithm AutoDock to be used for the exploration of conformational space around the heme target. A theoretical P. falciparum 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (PfDXR) enzyme model, constructed by the Biochemistry Department at Rhodes University, provided the ideal model to validate the AutoDock program. The protein model was accordingly subjected to rigorous docking simulations with over 30 different ligand molecules using the AutoDock algorithm which allowed for the docking algorithm’s limitations to be ascertained and improved upon. This investigation facilitated the successful validation of the protein model, which can now be used for the rational design of new PfDXR-inhibiting anti-plasmodial compounds, as well as enabling us to propose an improvement of the docking algorithm for application to the heme systems. The second case study was used to investigate the applicability of an ab initio molecular dynamics algorithm for simulation of bond breaking/forming events between the marine compounds and their heme target. This validation involved the exploration of intermolecular interactions in a naturally occurring nonoligomeric zipper using the Car-Parrinello Molecular Dynamics (CPMD) method. This study allowed us to propose a model for the intermolecular forces responsible for zipper self-assembly and showcased the CPMD method’s abilities to simulate and predict bond forming/breaking events. Data from the computational analyses suggested that the interactions between marine isonitriles, isocyanates and isothiocyanates occur through bond-less electrostatic attractions rather than through formal intermolecular bonds as had been previously suggested. Accordingly, a simple bicyclic tertiary isonitrile (5.14) was synthesized using Kitano et al’s relatively underutilized isonitrile synthetic method for the conversion of tertiary alcohols to their corresponding isonitriles. This compound’s potential for heme detoxification inhibition was then explored in vitro via the pyridine-hemochrome assay. The assay data suggested that the synthesized isonitrile was capable of inhibiting heme polymerization in a similar fashion to the known inhibitor chloroquine. Attempts to synthesize tricyclic analogues of 5.14 were unsuccessful and highlighted the limitation of Kitano et al’s isonitrile synthetic methodology.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Educated mother-tongue South African English: A corpus approach
- Adendorff, Ralph, de Klerk, Vivian A, de Vos, Mark, Hunt, Sally, Simango, Ronald, Todd, Louise, Niesler, Thomas
- Authors: Adendorff, Ralph , de Klerk, Vivian A , de Vos, Mark , Hunt, Sally , Simango, Ronald , Todd, Louise , Niesler, Thomas
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124352 , vital:35597 , https://doi.org/10.1080/10228190608566261
- Description: South Africa is anecdotally known for its complex system of speech varieties correlating with variables such as ethnicity, first language, class and education. These intuitions (e.g. Lass 1990) require further investigation, especially in the context of a changing South Africa where language variety plays a key role in identifying social, economic and ethnic group membership. Thus, in this research, the extent to which these variables play a role in variety is explored using a corpus approach (the nature of class and race in the corpus is discussed more fully later in the article). The corpus project, focusing primarily on accent, has been undertaken by members of the Department of English Language and Linguistics at Rhodes University in South Africa, collaborating with staff from the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering from Stellenbosch University, South Africa. A corpus (the first of its kind) is being compiled, comprising the speech of educated, white, mother-tongue speakers of South African English (as distinct from Afrikaans English, Indian English, and the second language (L2) varieties of English used by speakers of indigenous African languages), and data collection is well under way. This short article aims to describe the aims of the project, and the methodological approach which underpins it, as well as to highlight some of the more problematic aspects of the research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Adendorff, Ralph , de Klerk, Vivian A , de Vos, Mark , Hunt, Sally , Simango, Ronald , Todd, Louise , Niesler, Thomas
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124352 , vital:35597 , https://doi.org/10.1080/10228190608566261
- Description: South Africa is anecdotally known for its complex system of speech varieties correlating with variables such as ethnicity, first language, class and education. These intuitions (e.g. Lass 1990) require further investigation, especially in the context of a changing South Africa where language variety plays a key role in identifying social, economic and ethnic group membership. Thus, in this research, the extent to which these variables play a role in variety is explored using a corpus approach (the nature of class and race in the corpus is discussed more fully later in the article). The corpus project, focusing primarily on accent, has been undertaken by members of the Department of English Language and Linguistics at Rhodes University in South Africa, collaborating with staff from the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering from Stellenbosch University, South Africa. A corpus (the first of its kind) is being compiled, comprising the speech of educated, white, mother-tongue speakers of South African English (as distinct from Afrikaans English, Indian English, and the second language (L2) varieties of English used by speakers of indigenous African languages), and data collection is well under way. This short article aims to describe the aims of the project, and the methodological approach which underpins it, as well as to highlight some of the more problematic aspects of the research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
A best practice model for international Financial feasibility in property Development
- Authors: Adendorff, Ryan Gregg
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Built environment , Real estate development
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59348 , vital:62073
- Description: Property development is a sector which provides economic benefits to many countries worldwide. Such economic benefits are employment provision and GDP contribution to the economy. Interestingly, financial feasibility is one of the tools that can be used to ensure property development projects’ success. It has been therefore recognised that some of the property development entrepreneurs lack financial feasibility know-how which could position their property development businesses into a competitive edge and sustainability in this continuous fluctuating property market. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the key factors and variable that drive financial feasibility in property development and generate a financial feasibility model which can be used by property development entrepreneurs to analyse the financial feasibility of property development projects. Based on the aim of this study, an extended review of the literature relating to property business, property development, demand planning and risk management within the built environment discipline was conducted in identifying factors affecting the perceived success of financial feasibility for property development projects internationally. The research reviewed literature in the property development industry by identifying the variables for profitability, outside advice, trend analysis and real estate strategies. The research methodology approach that was used for this study, a qualitative explanatory multi-case study where embedded unit of analysis and valuable insight was provided for the success of financial feasibility in property development internationally. Semistructured interviews were conducted with various industry experts as indicated below: • Project Manager at Property Company; • Project Manager at developer; • Development Manager; • Owner of Property Group; • Part time lecturer at NMU Built Environment; • Development consulting company CEO; vi • Trustgro Developments (Pty) Ltd: Managing Director; • Tswaranang Consulting – Managing Director; • Capelo Development Company (Property Development) Director; and • NMBM - Senior Director: Land Planning and Management. The interview questions and primary and secondary propositions were defined together with the validity and reliability of the research. The purpose of the qualitative research was to unravel key factors that determine the perceived success of international financial feasibility of property development projects. Replication logic was used to generalise the results and the findings of this research effort suggested that the following variables emerging from qualitative themes, positively influences the perceived success of the financial feasibility in property development projects: profitability, risk management, outside advice, trend analysis, property cycles and demand planning. The implication arising from this study is that the perceived success of international financial feasibility in property development projects has the following positive influencing factors: profitability, risk management, outside (specialist) advice, trends analysis, property cycles and demand planning which must be considered by property developers and investors to ensure the success of their property development interventions. The curriculum of property development and real estate management practice should equally take into account the afore-mentioned factors. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment, and Technology, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Adendorff, Ryan Gregg
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Built environment , Real estate development
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59348 , vital:62073
- Description: Property development is a sector which provides economic benefits to many countries worldwide. Such economic benefits are employment provision and GDP contribution to the economy. Interestingly, financial feasibility is one of the tools that can be used to ensure property development projects’ success. It has been therefore recognised that some of the property development entrepreneurs lack financial feasibility know-how which could position their property development businesses into a competitive edge and sustainability in this continuous fluctuating property market. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the key factors and variable that drive financial feasibility in property development and generate a financial feasibility model which can be used by property development entrepreneurs to analyse the financial feasibility of property development projects. Based on the aim of this study, an extended review of the literature relating to property business, property development, demand planning and risk management within the built environment discipline was conducted in identifying factors affecting the perceived success of financial feasibility for property development projects internationally. The research reviewed literature in the property development industry by identifying the variables for profitability, outside advice, trend analysis and real estate strategies. The research methodology approach that was used for this study, a qualitative explanatory multi-case study where embedded unit of analysis and valuable insight was provided for the success of financial feasibility in property development internationally. Semistructured interviews were conducted with various industry experts as indicated below: • Project Manager at Property Company; • Project Manager at developer; • Development Manager; • Owner of Property Group; • Part time lecturer at NMU Built Environment; • Development consulting company CEO; vi • Trustgro Developments (Pty) Ltd: Managing Director; • Tswaranang Consulting – Managing Director; • Capelo Development Company (Property Development) Director; and • NMBM - Senior Director: Land Planning and Management. The interview questions and primary and secondary propositions were defined together with the validity and reliability of the research. The purpose of the qualitative research was to unravel key factors that determine the perceived success of international financial feasibility of property development projects. Replication logic was used to generalise the results and the findings of this research effort suggested that the following variables emerging from qualitative themes, positively influences the perceived success of the financial feasibility in property development projects: profitability, risk management, outside advice, trend analysis, property cycles and demand planning. The implication arising from this study is that the perceived success of international financial feasibility in property development projects has the following positive influencing factors: profitability, risk management, outside (specialist) advice, trends analysis, property cycles and demand planning which must be considered by property developers and investors to ensure the success of their property development interventions. The curriculum of property development and real estate management practice should equally take into account the afore-mentioned factors. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment, and Technology, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
Risk factors associated with developing asthma and tuberculosis: a case study of a hospital, Lagos Nigeria
- Authors: Adeniji, Tolulope Olubunmi
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Asthma -- Nigeria -- Epidemiology , Diseases -- Risk factors -- Nigeria
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13216 , vital:39616
- Description: The purpose of the study is to assess risk factors associated with developing asthma and tuberculosis. Methodology: A quantitative study was conducted on 133 randomly selected tuberculosis respondents, 91 of whom were suffering from TB at the time of the study. 120 respondents were also selected randomly for asthma of which 82 were asthmatic. Data were collected by using a self-structured questionnaire. The statistical analysis was done with the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS, version 18) using the descriptive statistics and logistic regression model. Results: Findings from the study show that a large percentage of the participants for both diseases were male, and the carriers of the diseases were also mostly male. Amongst the factors assessed, smoking, a weak immune system and a history of contact with tuberculosis infected persons were factors independently associated with developing tuberculosis. In the case of asthma, family history, smoking and exposure to allergen irritants were the factors independently associated with developing the disease. Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for increasing awareness through information, education and communication to address the risk factors of tuberculosis and asthma in order to decrease the rate of outspread. Recommendations: Factors triggering asthma among humans should be avoided. Since tuberculosis can be contracted through person to person contact, proper sanitation and regular medical attention are advocated for safeguarding personal and public health.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Adeniji, Tolulope Olubunmi
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Asthma -- Nigeria -- Epidemiology , Diseases -- Risk factors -- Nigeria
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13216 , vital:39616
- Description: The purpose of the study is to assess risk factors associated with developing asthma and tuberculosis. Methodology: A quantitative study was conducted on 133 randomly selected tuberculosis respondents, 91 of whom were suffering from TB at the time of the study. 120 respondents were also selected randomly for asthma of which 82 were asthmatic. Data were collected by using a self-structured questionnaire. The statistical analysis was done with the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS, version 18) using the descriptive statistics and logistic regression model. Results: Findings from the study show that a large percentage of the participants for both diseases were male, and the carriers of the diseases were also mostly male. Amongst the factors assessed, smoking, a weak immune system and a history of contact with tuberculosis infected persons were factors independently associated with developing tuberculosis. In the case of asthma, family history, smoking and exposure to allergen irritants were the factors independently associated with developing the disease. Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for increasing awareness through information, education and communication to address the risk factors of tuberculosis and asthma in order to decrease the rate of outspread. Recommendations: Factors triggering asthma among humans should be avoided. Since tuberculosis can be contracted through person to person contact, proper sanitation and regular medical attention are advocated for safeguarding personal and public health.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Analysis of the security and reliability of packet transmission in Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) : a case study of Malicious Packet drop attack
- Adeniji, Victor Oluwatobiloba
- Authors: Adeniji, Victor Oluwatobiloba
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Wireless communication systems Mobile communication systems
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Computer Science
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/17450 , vital:40969
- Description: Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are known for possessing good attributes such as low up-front cost, easy network maintenance, and reliable service coverage. This has largely made them to be adopted in various areas such as; school campus networks, community networking, pervasive healthcare, office and home automation, emergency rescue operations and ubiquitous wireless networks. The routing nodes are equipped with self-organized and self-configuring capabilities. The routing mechanisms of WMNs depend on the collaboration of all participating nodes for reliable network performance. However, it has been noted that most routing algorithms proposed for WMNs in the last few years are designed with the assumption that all the participating nodes will collaboratively be involved in relaying the data packets originated from a source to a multi-hop destination. Such design approach exposes WMNs to vulnerability such as malicious packet drop attack. Therefore, it is imperative to design and implement secure and reliable packet routing mechanisms to mitigate this type of attack. While there are works that have attempted to implement secure routing approach, the findings in this research unearthed that further research works are required to improve the existing secure routing in order to provide more secure and reliable packet transmission in WMNs, in the event of denial of service (DoS) attacks such black hole malicious pack drop attack. This study further presents an analysis of the impact of the black hole malicious packet drop attack with other influential factors in WMNs. In the study, NS-3 simulator was used with AODV as the routing protocol. The results show that the packet delivery ratio and throughput of WMN under attack decreases sharply as compared to WMN free from attack.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Adeniji, Victor Oluwatobiloba
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Wireless communication systems Mobile communication systems
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Computer Science
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/17450 , vital:40969
- Description: Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are known for possessing good attributes such as low up-front cost, easy network maintenance, and reliable service coverage. This has largely made them to be adopted in various areas such as; school campus networks, community networking, pervasive healthcare, office and home automation, emergency rescue operations and ubiquitous wireless networks. The routing nodes are equipped with self-organized and self-configuring capabilities. The routing mechanisms of WMNs depend on the collaboration of all participating nodes for reliable network performance. However, it has been noted that most routing algorithms proposed for WMNs in the last few years are designed with the assumption that all the participating nodes will collaboratively be involved in relaying the data packets originated from a source to a multi-hop destination. Such design approach exposes WMNs to vulnerability such as malicious packet drop attack. Therefore, it is imperative to design and implement secure and reliable packet routing mechanisms to mitigate this type of attack. While there are works that have attempted to implement secure routing approach, the findings in this research unearthed that further research works are required to improve the existing secure routing in order to provide more secure and reliable packet transmission in WMNs, in the event of denial of service (DoS) attacks such black hole malicious pack drop attack. This study further presents an analysis of the impact of the black hole malicious packet drop attack with other influential factors in WMNs. In the study, NS-3 simulator was used with AODV as the routing protocol. The results show that the packet delivery ratio and throughput of WMN under attack decreases sharply as compared to WMN free from attack.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The role of custodial grandparents in psychosocial well-being of adolescents from single parents in Buffalo City Municipality of Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Adenike,Folorunsho Fausat
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Grandparents as parents Grandparent and child Grandparenting
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD(Social Work)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/17943 , vital:41994
- Description: It has been a historical norm in African societies for children to leave in the homes of caregivers. Among these caregivers are the grandparents, who are from time immemorial, being a pillar of support to their children in caring for their grandchildren. Against this background, the study assesses custodial the role of grandparents in the psychosocial well-being of adolescent children from single parents' homes in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The study was guided theoretically by Role and Ryff's psychosocial well-being theories. Four sets of participants totaling 323 gathered using a mixed-method approach comprised of 150 adolescents and 136 custodial grandparents through questionnaires, 30 single parents, through in-depth interviews, and seven social workers through focus group discussions. The study utilized a multi-stage sampling technique to select adolescents and their grandparents, a purposive sampling technique for single parents, and a convenient sampling technique for social workers. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, while the qualitative data were categorized manually into themes and subthemes. Findings indicated a correlation between the attainment of the adolescent children's psychosocial well-being and the effectiveness of the custodial grandparents' role. More also, the challenges encountered by custodial grandparents do affect the attainment of the psychosocial well-being of adolescent children. Furthermore, finding from the study revealed that non-governmental organizations in the municipality were not rendering social support for the custodial grandparents. Finally, the child-support grant received by poor grandparents is grossly inadequate to meet up with the astronomical needs of the adolescent children. The study concluded that custodial grandparents' social support is an effective mechanism in meeting adolescent children's psychosocial well-being. Several recommendations were made from the conclusions to various stakeholders and proposed a responsive conceptual grand-parenting model to cater for effective parenting.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Adenike,Folorunsho Fausat
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Grandparents as parents Grandparent and child Grandparenting
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD(Social Work)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/17943 , vital:41994
- Description: It has been a historical norm in African societies for children to leave in the homes of caregivers. Among these caregivers are the grandparents, who are from time immemorial, being a pillar of support to their children in caring for their grandchildren. Against this background, the study assesses custodial the role of grandparents in the psychosocial well-being of adolescent children from single parents' homes in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The study was guided theoretically by Role and Ryff's psychosocial well-being theories. Four sets of participants totaling 323 gathered using a mixed-method approach comprised of 150 adolescents and 136 custodial grandparents through questionnaires, 30 single parents, through in-depth interviews, and seven social workers through focus group discussions. The study utilized a multi-stage sampling technique to select adolescents and their grandparents, a purposive sampling technique for single parents, and a convenient sampling technique for social workers. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, while the qualitative data were categorized manually into themes and subthemes. Findings indicated a correlation between the attainment of the adolescent children's psychosocial well-being and the effectiveness of the custodial grandparents' role. More also, the challenges encountered by custodial grandparents do affect the attainment of the psychosocial well-being of adolescent children. Furthermore, finding from the study revealed that non-governmental organizations in the municipality were not rendering social support for the custodial grandparents. Finally, the child-support grant received by poor grandparents is grossly inadequate to meet up with the astronomical needs of the adolescent children. The study concluded that custodial grandparents' social support is an effective mechanism in meeting adolescent children's psychosocial well-being. Several recommendations were made from the conclusions to various stakeholders and proposed a responsive conceptual grand-parenting model to cater for effective parenting.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
A management model for human settlements: a case study of Nigeria and South Africa
- Authors: Adeniran, Adeleye Ayoade
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Human settlements -- Nigeria , Human settlements -- South Africa Sustainable development
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45985 , vital:39403
- Description: Persistent depreciating human settlements is a global challenge, particularly in developing countries and this challenge contributes to the continuously increasing housing gap, despite several novel policies and programmes. Although there is a dearth of research-based literature on human settlements management, studies show that property management, Facility Management, housing management and urban management impact the sustainability of all these built environment milieus which form part of the human settlements’ sub-components. This research aimed at altering the afore-said challenge by exploring the management of human settlements in Nigeria and in South Africa. Philosophically, the research is pragmatic, and it rests on positivist deductive reasoning. The methods used for data collection include a review of literature, collection of archival records, and empirical studies of purposively selected professionals and stakeholders involved in human settlements’ management in Nigeria and in South Africa. The findings indicate that existing human settlements in the case studies are “good” and “acceptable” with the majority adopting an outsourced method of management. Furthermore, the lack of maintenance records, the deficiency in policy monitoring and the training of management and maintenance personnel were the three highest ranking factors indicated to be affecting human settlements management. Moreover, an inhabitant’s income, the time available for management, professional expertise and technology employed for management are recognised as the critical sustainability sub-factors affecting human settlement management. The factor analysis established ownership, human resource and capital, social, legal, technology, economic, physical and environmental factors as vital and very significant in achieving sustainable management of human settlements. The study recommends the professionalisation of the field of human settlements as well as a formulation of management policy among others. The study developed a management model for human settlements, and it advocates that human settlements managers, owners and organisations should apply the model in this study, to improve their human settlement management practices, so as to achieve sustainability, and in essence, Sustainable Development Goal 11. It is hoped that the suggested management model will influence human settlement policy development and review, the designing of human settlement management programmes including the framework for their ongoing monitoring and evaluation. The study furthermore contributes to the development of housing and human settlement curricula and evolving human settlement research in both developed and developing countries.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Adeniran, Adeleye Ayoade
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Human settlements -- Nigeria , Human settlements -- South Africa Sustainable development
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45985 , vital:39403
- Description: Persistent depreciating human settlements is a global challenge, particularly in developing countries and this challenge contributes to the continuously increasing housing gap, despite several novel policies and programmes. Although there is a dearth of research-based literature on human settlements management, studies show that property management, Facility Management, housing management and urban management impact the sustainability of all these built environment milieus which form part of the human settlements’ sub-components. This research aimed at altering the afore-said challenge by exploring the management of human settlements in Nigeria and in South Africa. Philosophically, the research is pragmatic, and it rests on positivist deductive reasoning. The methods used for data collection include a review of literature, collection of archival records, and empirical studies of purposively selected professionals and stakeholders involved in human settlements’ management in Nigeria and in South Africa. The findings indicate that existing human settlements in the case studies are “good” and “acceptable” with the majority adopting an outsourced method of management. Furthermore, the lack of maintenance records, the deficiency in policy monitoring and the training of management and maintenance personnel were the three highest ranking factors indicated to be affecting human settlements management. Moreover, an inhabitant’s income, the time available for management, professional expertise and technology employed for management are recognised as the critical sustainability sub-factors affecting human settlement management. The factor analysis established ownership, human resource and capital, social, legal, technology, economic, physical and environmental factors as vital and very significant in achieving sustainable management of human settlements. The study recommends the professionalisation of the field of human settlements as well as a formulation of management policy among others. The study developed a management model for human settlements, and it advocates that human settlements managers, owners and organisations should apply the model in this study, to improve their human settlement management practices, so as to achieve sustainability, and in essence, Sustainable Development Goal 11. It is hoped that the suggested management model will influence human settlement policy development and review, the designing of human settlement management programmes including the framework for their ongoing monitoring and evaluation. The study furthermore contributes to the development of housing and human settlement curricula and evolving human settlement research in both developed and developing countries.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Computational studies, synthesis and characterization of ruthenium (ii) anticancer complexes
- Authors: Adeniyi, Adebayo Azeez
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Chemistry)
- Identifier: vital:11338 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1015577
- Description: This thesis is centred on the application of Ru-based complexes as a promising alternative to cis-platin in cancer chemotherapy. Cis-platin is known to be the most prescribed chemotherapy which has more than 70% application in cancer cases especially the testicular cancer. An insight is provided in Chapter One and Two into the literatures reports on the application of Ru(II)-based complexes in cancer chemotherapy. In order to address some of the pressing challenges in rational design of Ru-based anticancer complexes, section 3.3 and 3.4 deal with efforts to elucidate the complication of their chemistry and instability while in section 3.5 efforts are made to find solution to the lack of proper knowledge of their targets using different theoretical approaches as presented in Chapter Three. In addition to the theoretical study, this thesis also comprises of the synthesis of the bis-pyrazole derivatives type of ligands and the derivatives of their Ru(II)-based complexes as provided in Chapter Four and Five respectively. Also the computational methods were used to elucidate the structural and spectroscopic properties of the synthesised ligands and their Ru(II)-based complexes. The geometrical and electronic properties are studied in relation to the stability and the reported anticancer activities of Ru(II)-based complexes in section 3.3. In subsection 3.3.1, several quantum properties including the natural energy decomposition analysis (NEDA) and quantum theory of atoms in a molecule (QTAIM) are computed on three models of RAPTA-C complexes using DFT with hybrid functional and basis set with ECP and without ECP. The higher stability of Carbo-RAPTA-C and Oxalo-RAPTA-C over RAPTA-C comes from the lower exchange repulsion and higher polarization contributions to their stability which gives insight into experimental observation. A similar study was carried out in subsection 3.3.2 on half-sandwich Ru(II)-based anticancer complexes with 6-toluene and 6-trifluorotoluene.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Adeniyi, Adebayo Azeez
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Chemistry)
- Identifier: vital:11338 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1015577
- Description: This thesis is centred on the application of Ru-based complexes as a promising alternative to cis-platin in cancer chemotherapy. Cis-platin is known to be the most prescribed chemotherapy which has more than 70% application in cancer cases especially the testicular cancer. An insight is provided in Chapter One and Two into the literatures reports on the application of Ru(II)-based complexes in cancer chemotherapy. In order to address some of the pressing challenges in rational design of Ru-based anticancer complexes, section 3.3 and 3.4 deal with efforts to elucidate the complication of their chemistry and instability while in section 3.5 efforts are made to find solution to the lack of proper knowledge of their targets using different theoretical approaches as presented in Chapter Three. In addition to the theoretical study, this thesis also comprises of the synthesis of the bis-pyrazole derivatives type of ligands and the derivatives of their Ru(II)-based complexes as provided in Chapter Four and Five respectively. Also the computational methods were used to elucidate the structural and spectroscopic properties of the synthesised ligands and their Ru(II)-based complexes. The geometrical and electronic properties are studied in relation to the stability and the reported anticancer activities of Ru(II)-based complexes in section 3.3. In subsection 3.3.1, several quantum properties including the natural energy decomposition analysis (NEDA) and quantum theory of atoms in a molecule (QTAIM) are computed on three models of RAPTA-C complexes using DFT with hybrid functional and basis set with ECP and without ECP. The higher stability of Carbo-RAPTA-C and Oxalo-RAPTA-C over RAPTA-C comes from the lower exchange repulsion and higher polarization contributions to their stability which gives insight into experimental observation. A similar study was carried out in subsection 3.3.2 on half-sandwich Ru(II)-based anticancer complexes with 6-toluene and 6-trifluorotoluene.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Skills for communicating severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 result to patients and/or relatives
- Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent, Kayembe, Dominique K
- Authors: Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent , Kayembe, Dominique K
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: COVID-19 Structured model Medical consultation Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7236 , vital:53095 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4102/safp.v63i1.5221"
- Description: Clinicians notify positive results of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 polymerase chain reaction to patients and/or relatives, whilst short message service (SMS) has been adopted as a means of disseminating negative results. Therefore, clinicians should be adequately equipped to provide telephonic consultation whilst delivering a positive test result to patients. The news of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) test result often invokes fear of impending death in patients, especially the elderlies and those with comorbidities. In addition, several survivors have reported persistent symptoms and COVID-19-related stigma, which precludes them from immediate re-integration into their workplaces. Consequently, COVID-19 results are perceived as bad news by the members of the public. This article justifies why COVID-19 test results are bad news and also discusses the notification steps to follow when delivering COVID-19 results, whilst also addressing patients’ immediate concerns. The article concludes by highlighting an important safety net for COVID-19 patients and the attending clinician.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent , Kayembe, Dominique K
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: COVID-19 Structured model Medical consultation Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7236 , vital:53095 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4102/safp.v63i1.5221"
- Description: Clinicians notify positive results of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 polymerase chain reaction to patients and/or relatives, whilst short message service (SMS) has been adopted as a means of disseminating negative results. Therefore, clinicians should be adequately equipped to provide telephonic consultation whilst delivering a positive test result to patients. The news of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) test result often invokes fear of impending death in patients, especially the elderlies and those with comorbidities. In addition, several survivors have reported persistent symptoms and COVID-19-related stigma, which precludes them from immediate re-integration into their workplaces. Consequently, COVID-19 results are perceived as bad news by the members of the public. This article justifies why COVID-19 test results are bad news and also discusses the notification steps to follow when delivering COVID-19 results, whilst also addressing patients’ immediate concerns. The article concludes by highlighting an important safety net for COVID-19 patients and the attending clinician.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Management approach of patients with violent and aggressive behaviour in a district hospital setting in South Africa
- Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent, Puzi, Ntandazo
- Authors: Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent , Puzi, Ntandazo
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: mental health Emergency medical services violennce Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7284 , vital:53108 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4102/safp.v63i1.5393"
- Description: Background: Given the physical and mental health consequences of tobacco use amongst individuals with mental illness, it was imperative to assess the burden of tobacco use in this population. Aim: This study examined the patterns and factors associated with tobacco use in individuals attending the outpatient unit. Setting: Cecilia Makiwane Hospital Mental Health Department in Eastern Cape province, South Africa. Methods: Lifetime (ever use) use and current use of any tobacco products were examined in a cross-sectional study of 390 individuals between March and June 2020. A logistic regression was fitted to determine the correlates of lifetime and current use of any tobacco products. Results: The rates of ever use and current use of tobacco products were 59.4% and 44.6%, respectively. Of the participants interviewed, lifetime tobacco use was more prevalent amongst individuals with schizophrenia (67.9%) and cannabis-induced disorders (97.3%) and lower in those with major depressive disorders (36.1%) and bipolar and related disorders (43.5%). Men were six times more likely to have ever used or currently use tobacco products in comparison to women. Also, those who had a salaried job or owned a business were over three times more likely to have ever used or currently use tobacco products compared with those receiving government social grants. Conclusions: The prevalence of tobacco use in this study was significantly higher than the general population in the Eastern Cape. Therefore, smoking prevention and cessation interventions targeted at the general population should target this often neglected sub-population in the region. Keywords: aggressive and violent behaviour; assisted user; emergency centres; involuntary user; Mental Health Care Act.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent , Puzi, Ntandazo
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: mental health Emergency medical services violennce Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7284 , vital:53108 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4102/safp.v63i1.5393"
- Description: Background: Given the physical and mental health consequences of tobacco use amongst individuals with mental illness, it was imperative to assess the burden of tobacco use in this population. Aim: This study examined the patterns and factors associated with tobacco use in individuals attending the outpatient unit. Setting: Cecilia Makiwane Hospital Mental Health Department in Eastern Cape province, South Africa. Methods: Lifetime (ever use) use and current use of any tobacco products were examined in a cross-sectional study of 390 individuals between March and June 2020. A logistic regression was fitted to determine the correlates of lifetime and current use of any tobacco products. Results: The rates of ever use and current use of tobacco products were 59.4% and 44.6%, respectively. Of the participants interviewed, lifetime tobacco use was more prevalent amongst individuals with schizophrenia (67.9%) and cannabis-induced disorders (97.3%) and lower in those with major depressive disorders (36.1%) and bipolar and related disorders (43.5%). Men were six times more likely to have ever used or currently use tobacco products in comparison to women. Also, those who had a salaried job or owned a business were over three times more likely to have ever used or currently use tobacco products compared with those receiving government social grants. Conclusions: The prevalence of tobacco use in this study was significantly higher than the general population in the Eastern Cape. Therefore, smoking prevention and cessation interventions targeted at the general population should target this often neglected sub-population in the region. Keywords: aggressive and violent behaviour; assisted user; emergency centres; involuntary user; Mental Health Care Act.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Beyond health care providers’recommendations: understandinginfluences on infant feeding choices ofwomen with HIV in the Eastern Cape,South Africa
- Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent, Ajayi, Anthony Idowu, Issah, Moshood, Owolabi, Eyitayo Omolara, Ter Goon, Daniel, Avramovic, Gordana, Lambert, John
- Authors: Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent , Ajayi, Anthony Idowu , Issah, Moshood , Owolabi, Eyitayo Omolara , Ter Goon, Daniel , Avramovic, Gordana , Lambert, John
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Africa Infant Feeding Sub-sahara
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6063 , vital:45109 , https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-019-0201-5
- Description: Background: Despite the array of studies on infant feeding practices of HIV-infected women, gaps still exist in the understanding of the underlying reasons for their infant feeding choices. Potential for behavioural change exists, especially in the light of the 2016 updated World Health Organization guideline on HIV and infant feeding. The aim of this paper is to determine the rate of adoption of exclusive breastfeeding in this cohort, examine the determinants of infant feeding choices of HIV-infected women and assess the underlying reasons for these choices. Methods: This was a mixed methods study conducted between September 2015 and May 2016. It analyses the quantitative and qualitative data of 1662 peripartum women enrolled in the East London Prospective Cohort Study across three large maternity services in the Eastern Cape. Women with HIV reported their preferred choices of infant feeding. In addition, participants explained the underlying reasons for their choices. Descriptive and inferential statistics summarised the quantitative data, while thematic content analysis was performed on qualitative data. Results: Of the 1662 women with complete responses, 80.3% opted to exclusively breastfeed their babies. In the adjusted model, up to grade 12 education level (AOR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.14, 2.86), rural/peri-urban residence (AOR:1.44; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.96), alcohol use (AOR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.25, 2.18), negative or unknown HIV status at booking (AOR:1.85; 95% CI:1.27, 2.70), currently married (AOR:1.43; 95% CI:1.01, 2.02) and WHO Clinical Stage 2–4 (AOR:1.77; 95% CI: 1.15, 2.72) were significantly associated with the decision to exclusively breastfeed. Health care providers’ recommendations, perceived benefits of breastfeeding, unaffordability of formula feeding, and coercion were the underlying reasons for wanting to breastfeed; while work/school-related demands, breast-related issues, and fear of infecting the baby influenced their decision to formula feed. Conclusion: The majority of HIV-infected women chose to breastfeed their babies in the Eastern Cape. Following up on these women to ensure they breastfeed exclusively, while also addressing their possible concerns, could be an important policy intervention. Future studies should focus on how early infant feeding decisions change over time, as well as the health outcomes for mother and child. Keywords: Exclusive breastfeeding, Infant feeding practice, infant formula feeding, HIV-infected peripartum women, South Africa, WHO guideline
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent , Ajayi, Anthony Idowu , Issah, Moshood , Owolabi, Eyitayo Omolara , Ter Goon, Daniel , Avramovic, Gordana , Lambert, John
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Africa Infant Feeding Sub-sahara
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6063 , vital:45109 , https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-019-0201-5
- Description: Background: Despite the array of studies on infant feeding practices of HIV-infected women, gaps still exist in the understanding of the underlying reasons for their infant feeding choices. Potential for behavioural change exists, especially in the light of the 2016 updated World Health Organization guideline on HIV and infant feeding. The aim of this paper is to determine the rate of adoption of exclusive breastfeeding in this cohort, examine the determinants of infant feeding choices of HIV-infected women and assess the underlying reasons for these choices. Methods: This was a mixed methods study conducted between September 2015 and May 2016. It analyses the quantitative and qualitative data of 1662 peripartum women enrolled in the East London Prospective Cohort Study across three large maternity services in the Eastern Cape. Women with HIV reported their preferred choices of infant feeding. In addition, participants explained the underlying reasons for their choices. Descriptive and inferential statistics summarised the quantitative data, while thematic content analysis was performed on qualitative data. Results: Of the 1662 women with complete responses, 80.3% opted to exclusively breastfeed their babies. In the adjusted model, up to grade 12 education level (AOR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.14, 2.86), rural/peri-urban residence (AOR:1.44; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.96), alcohol use (AOR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.25, 2.18), negative or unknown HIV status at booking (AOR:1.85; 95% CI:1.27, 2.70), currently married (AOR:1.43; 95% CI:1.01, 2.02) and WHO Clinical Stage 2–4 (AOR:1.77; 95% CI: 1.15, 2.72) were significantly associated with the decision to exclusively breastfeed. Health care providers’ recommendations, perceived benefits of breastfeeding, unaffordability of formula feeding, and coercion were the underlying reasons for wanting to breastfeed; while work/school-related demands, breast-related issues, and fear of infecting the baby influenced their decision to formula feed. Conclusion: The majority of HIV-infected women chose to breastfeed their babies in the Eastern Cape. Following up on these women to ensure they breastfeed exclusively, while also addressing their possible concerns, could be an important policy intervention. Future studies should focus on how early infant feeding decisions change over time, as well as the health outcomes for mother and child. Keywords: Exclusive breastfeeding, Infant feeding practice, infant formula feeding, HIV-infected peripartum women, South Africa, WHO guideline
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Genetic diversity, resistance profile of HIV and risk assessment of mother-to-child transmission in pregnant women on anti-retroviral therapy in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent
- Date: 2018-12
- Subjects: Antiretroviral agents , AIDS (Disease) in infants
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19817 , vital:43254
- Description: Despite the initiation of life-long ART in HIV-infected pregnant women, the rate and determinants of infant HIV transmission are not known, especially in the poor resource settings of the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Maternal anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is crucial for elimination of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV. However, the inevitable risks of emergence of HIV drug resistance poses significant threat to achieving this goal of HIV-free generation and keeping mothers alive. Also, it is unclear if women with high viral load at delivery have acquired clinically relevant mutations, which could confer resistance to the ART, thus, further increasing the risks of motherto- child transmission of HIV-drug resistance strains. In addition to the gaps identified in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) context, the understanding of regional epidemics is crucial to the broader epidemiological profiling of HIV infections in the country. Despite the rapid influx of foreign nationals to South African and Eastern Cape Province, there has not been any molecular epidemiological studies profiling the HIV diversity in the Eastern Cape. , Thesis (PhD) (Microbiology) -- University of Fort Hare, 2018
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018-12
- Authors: Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent
- Date: 2018-12
- Subjects: Antiretroviral agents , AIDS (Disease) in infants
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19817 , vital:43254
- Description: Despite the initiation of life-long ART in HIV-infected pregnant women, the rate and determinants of infant HIV transmission are not known, especially in the poor resource settings of the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Maternal anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is crucial for elimination of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV. However, the inevitable risks of emergence of HIV drug resistance poses significant threat to achieving this goal of HIV-free generation and keeping mothers alive. Also, it is unclear if women with high viral load at delivery have acquired clinically relevant mutations, which could confer resistance to the ART, thus, further increasing the risks of motherto- child transmission of HIV-drug resistance strains. In addition to the gaps identified in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) context, the understanding of regional epidemics is crucial to the broader epidemiological profiling of HIV infections in the country. Despite the rapid influx of foreign nationals to South African and Eastern Cape Province, there has not been any molecular epidemiological studies profiling the HIV diversity in the Eastern Cape. , Thesis (PhD) (Microbiology) -- University of Fort Hare, 2018
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018-12
Genetic diversity, resistance profile of hiv and risk assessment of mother-to-child transmission in pregnant women on antiretroviral therapy in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Antiretroviral agents , HIV infections -- Treatment -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/15120 , vital:40183
- Description: Despite the initiation of life-long ART in HIV-infected pregnant women, the rate and determinants of infant HIV transmission are not known, especially in the poor resource settings of the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Maternal anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is crucial for elimination of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV. However, the inevitable risks of emergence of HIV drug resistance poses significant threat to achieving this goal of HIV-free generation and keeping mothers alive. Also, it is unclear if women with high viral load at delivery have acquired clinically relevant mutations, which could confer resistance to the ART, thus, further increasing the risks of motherto-child transmission of HIV-drug resistance strains. In addition to the gaps identified in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) context, the understanding of regional epidemics is crucial to the broader epidemiological profiling of HIV infections in the country. Despite the rapid influx of foreign nationals to South African and Eastern Cape Province, there has not been any molecular epidemiological studies profiling the HIV diversity in the Eastern Cape.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Antiretroviral agents , HIV infections -- Treatment -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/15120 , vital:40183
- Description: Despite the initiation of life-long ART in HIV-infected pregnant women, the rate and determinants of infant HIV transmission are not known, especially in the poor resource settings of the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Maternal anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is crucial for elimination of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV. However, the inevitable risks of emergence of HIV drug resistance poses significant threat to achieving this goal of HIV-free generation and keeping mothers alive. Also, it is unclear if women with high viral load at delivery have acquired clinically relevant mutations, which could confer resistance to the ART, thus, further increasing the risks of motherto-child transmission of HIV-drug resistance strains. In addition to the gaps identified in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) context, the understanding of regional epidemics is crucial to the broader epidemiological profiling of HIV infections in the country. Despite the rapid influx of foreign nationals to South African and Eastern Cape Province, there has not been any molecular epidemiological studies profiling the HIV diversity in the Eastern Cape.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Nanohybrid electrocatalyst based on cobalt phthalocyanine-carbon nanotube-reduced graphene oxide for ultrasensitive detection of glucose in human saliva
- Adeniyi, Omotayo, Nwahara, Nnamdi, Mwanza, Daniel, Nyokong, Tebello, Mashazi, Philani N
- Authors: Adeniyi, Omotayo , Nwahara, Nnamdi , Mwanza, Daniel , Nyokong, Tebello , Mashazi, Philani N
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/231356 , vital:49880 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2021.130723"
- Description: The current diabetes management systems require collecting blood samples via an invasive and painful finger pricking leading to the formation of callus, scarring and loss of sensibility to patients due to continuous monitoring. Therefore, a non-invasive and painless method of determining glucose levels would be desirable to diabetes patients who need constant monitoring. Saliva glucose measurement is a non-invasive alternative for diabetes management. A highly sensitive, stable, and selective non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor that can accurately quantify saliva glucose is required. A single-walled carbon nanotube/reduced graphene oxide/cobalt phthalocyanines nanohybrid modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE-SWCNT/rGO/CoPc) has been fabricated for the non-enzymatic determination of glucose in human saliva. The SWCNT/rGO/CoPc was characterized using various spectroscopic, microscopic, and electrochemical techniques. The synergistic effect between SWCNT, rGO, and CoPc facilitated excellent electron transfer process that improved the sensor sensitivity. The GCE-SWCNT/rGO/CoPc sensor exhibited two linear responses in the 0.30 μM to 0.50 mM and 0.50–5.0 mM glucose concentration ranges, and the detection limit was 0.12 μM. The sensor had an excellent saliva glucose detection sensitivity of 992.4 μA·mM−1·cm−2 and high specificity for glucose in the presence of other coexisting analytes. In addition, it showed good storage stability, reusability, and a fast response time of about 1.2 s. The GCE-SWCNT/rGO/CoPc nanohybrid electrode showed excellent potential for developing accurate, non-invasive, and painless glucose sensing.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Adeniyi, Omotayo , Nwahara, Nnamdi , Mwanza, Daniel , Nyokong, Tebello , Mashazi, Philani N
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/231356 , vital:49880 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2021.130723"
- Description: The current diabetes management systems require collecting blood samples via an invasive and painful finger pricking leading to the formation of callus, scarring and loss of sensibility to patients due to continuous monitoring. Therefore, a non-invasive and painless method of determining glucose levels would be desirable to diabetes patients who need constant monitoring. Saliva glucose measurement is a non-invasive alternative for diabetes management. A highly sensitive, stable, and selective non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor that can accurately quantify saliva glucose is required. A single-walled carbon nanotube/reduced graphene oxide/cobalt phthalocyanines nanohybrid modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE-SWCNT/rGO/CoPc) has been fabricated for the non-enzymatic determination of glucose in human saliva. The SWCNT/rGO/CoPc was characterized using various spectroscopic, microscopic, and electrochemical techniques. The synergistic effect between SWCNT, rGO, and CoPc facilitated excellent electron transfer process that improved the sensor sensitivity. The GCE-SWCNT/rGO/CoPc sensor exhibited two linear responses in the 0.30 μM to 0.50 mM and 0.50–5.0 mM glucose concentration ranges, and the detection limit was 0.12 μM. The sensor had an excellent saliva glucose detection sensitivity of 992.4 μA·mM−1·cm−2 and high specificity for glucose in the presence of other coexisting analytes. In addition, it showed good storage stability, reusability, and a fast response time of about 1.2 s. The GCE-SWCNT/rGO/CoPc nanohybrid electrode showed excellent potential for developing accurate, non-invasive, and painless glucose sensing.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Potential latitudinal variation in orodigestive tract cancers in Africa
- Adeola, H A, Adefuye, A O, Jimoh, S A
- Authors: Adeola, H A , Adefuye, A O , Jimoh, S A
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/5280 , vital:44428 , http://www.samj.org.za/index.php/samj/article/view/12259
- Description: Background. Previous studies have alluded to a causal relationship between pathological entities and geographical variations, but there is a paucity of studies from Africa discussing the effect of latitudinal variation on orodigestive cancers in this region. It seems plausible that the burden of orodigestive cancer would differ as a result of variations in diet, cultural habits, climate and environmental conditions down the length of Africa. Objectives. To analyse regional variations in prevalence, incidence and mortality data in the global cancer statistics database (GLOBOCAN 2012) curated by the World Health Organization and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Basic descriptive statistical tools were used to depict regional variations in cancer morbidity and mortality. Methods. Data on 13 African countries between longitude 20⁰ and 30⁰ east and latitude 35⁰ north and 35⁰ south were examined for variation in age-standardised orodigestive cancer prevalence, incidence and mortality. Possible regional causes for orodigestive tract cancer development were investigated. Data on lip and oral cavity, oesophageal, gastric, colorectal, liver, gallbladder and pancreatic cancers in the 13 countries were compared. Results. Our empirical findings from this preliminary study support the notion that the incidence and prevalence of orodigestive cancers vary within Africa. This effect may be due to environmental, economic, political and possibly genetic factors. Conclusions. Considering the heterogeneity of the above factors across Africa, disbursement of funding for cancer research and therapy in Africa should be focused in terms of regional variations to make best use of the fiscal allocation by African governments, non-governmental organisations and international agencies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Adeola, H A , Adefuye, A O , Jimoh, S A
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/5280 , vital:44428 , http://www.samj.org.za/index.php/samj/article/view/12259
- Description: Background. Previous studies have alluded to a causal relationship between pathological entities and geographical variations, but there is a paucity of studies from Africa discussing the effect of latitudinal variation on orodigestive cancers in this region. It seems plausible that the burden of orodigestive cancer would differ as a result of variations in diet, cultural habits, climate and environmental conditions down the length of Africa. Objectives. To analyse regional variations in prevalence, incidence and mortality data in the global cancer statistics database (GLOBOCAN 2012) curated by the World Health Organization and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Basic descriptive statistical tools were used to depict regional variations in cancer morbidity and mortality. Methods. Data on 13 African countries between longitude 20⁰ and 30⁰ east and latitude 35⁰ north and 35⁰ south were examined for variation in age-standardised orodigestive cancer prevalence, incidence and mortality. Possible regional causes for orodigestive tract cancer development were investigated. Data on lip and oral cavity, oesophageal, gastric, colorectal, liver, gallbladder and pancreatic cancers in the 13 countries were compared. Results. Our empirical findings from this preliminary study support the notion that the incidence and prevalence of orodigestive cancers vary within Africa. This effect may be due to environmental, economic, political and possibly genetic factors. Conclusions. Considering the heterogeneity of the above factors across Africa, disbursement of funding for cancer research and therapy in Africa should be focused in terms of regional variations to make best use of the fiscal allocation by African governments, non-governmental organisations and international agencies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Factors affecting adherence to antiretroviral therapy among pregnant women in theEastern Cape, South Africa
- Adeola, H A, Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent, Ajayi, Anthony Idowu, Goon, Daniel Ter, Owolabi, Eyitayo Omolara, Eboh, Alfred, Lambert, John
- Authors: Adeola, H A , Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent , Ajayi, Anthony Idowu , Goon, Daniel Ter , Owolabi, Eyitayo Omolara , Eboh, Alfred , Lambert, John
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/5272 , vital:44427 , https://neuro.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/29653510/Factors_affecting_adherence_to_antiretroviral_therapy_among_pregnant_women_in_the_Eastern_Cape_South_Africa_
- Description: Background:Context-specific factors influence adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among pregnant womenliving with HIV. Gaps exist in the understanding of the reasons for the variable outcomes of the prevention ofmother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programme at the health facility level in South Africa. This study examinedadherence levels and reasons for non-adherence during pregnancy in a cohort of parturient women enrolled in thePMTCT programme in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.Methods:This was a mixed-methods study involving 1709 parturient women in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Weconducted a multi-centre retrospective analysis of the mother-infant pair in the PMTCT electronic database in 2016.Semi-structured interviews of purposively selected parturient women with self-reported poor adherence (n= 177)were conducted to gain understanding of the main barriers to adherence. Binary logistic regression was used todetermine the independent predictors of ART non-adherence.Results:A high proportion (69.0%) of women reported perfect adherence. In the logistic regression analysis, afteradjusting for confounding factors, marital status, cigarette smoking, alcohol use and non-disclosure to a family memberwere the independent predictors of non-adherence. Analysis of the qualitative data revealed that drug-related side-effects, being away from home, forgetfulness, non-disclosure, stigma and work-related demand were among the mainreasons for non-adherence to ART.Conclusions:Non-adherence to the antiretroviral therapy among pregnant women in this setting is associated withlifestyle behaviours, HIV-related stigma and ART side-effects. In order to eliminate mother-to-child transmission of HIV,clinicians need to screen for these factors at every antenatal clinic visit.Keywords:Adherence, Non-adherence, HIV, Antiretroviral therapy, Elimination of mother-to-child transmission,Prevention of mother-to-child transmission, Stigma, South Africa
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Adeola, H A , Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent , Ajayi, Anthony Idowu , Goon, Daniel Ter , Owolabi, Eyitayo Omolara , Eboh, Alfred , Lambert, John
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/5272 , vital:44427 , https://neuro.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/29653510/Factors_affecting_adherence_to_antiretroviral_therapy_among_pregnant_women_in_the_Eastern_Cape_South_Africa_
- Description: Background:Context-specific factors influence adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among pregnant womenliving with HIV. Gaps exist in the understanding of the reasons for the variable outcomes of the prevention ofmother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programme at the health facility level in South Africa. This study examinedadherence levels and reasons for non-adherence during pregnancy in a cohort of parturient women enrolled in thePMTCT programme in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.Methods:This was a mixed-methods study involving 1709 parturient women in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Weconducted a multi-centre retrospective analysis of the mother-infant pair in the PMTCT electronic database in 2016.Semi-structured interviews of purposively selected parturient women with self-reported poor adherence (n= 177)were conducted to gain understanding of the main barriers to adherence. Binary logistic regression was used todetermine the independent predictors of ART non-adherence.Results:A high proportion (69.0%) of women reported perfect adherence. In the logistic regression analysis, afteradjusting for confounding factors, marital status, cigarette smoking, alcohol use and non-disclosure to a family memberwere the independent predictors of non-adherence. Analysis of the qualitative data revealed that drug-related side-effects, being away from home, forgetfulness, non-disclosure, stigma and work-related demand were among the mainreasons for non-adherence to ART.Conclusions:Non-adherence to the antiretroviral therapy among pregnant women in this setting is associated withlifestyle behaviours, HIV-related stigma and ART side-effects. In order to eliminate mother-to-child transmission of HIV,clinicians need to screen for these factors at every antenatal clinic visit.Keywords:Adherence, Non-adherence, HIV, Antiretroviral therapy, Elimination of mother-to-child transmission,Prevention of mother-to-child transmission, Stigma, South Africa
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Omics-based molecular techniques in oral pathology centred cancer: prospect and challenges in Africa
- Adeola, Henry A., Soyele, Olujide.O., Adefuye, Anthonio O., Jimoh, Sikiru A., Butali, Azeez
- Authors: Adeola, Henry A. , Soyele, Olujide.O. , Adefuye, Anthonio O. , Jimoh, Sikiru A. , Butali, Azeez
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Eastern Cape, South Africa Oral mucosa--Cancer Oral Pathology Cancer Computer File
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/5857 , vital:44658 , https://DOI10.1186/s12935-017-0432-8
- Description: Background:The completion of the human genome project and the accomplished milestones in the human proteome project; as well as the progress made so far in computational bioinformatics and “big data” processing have contributed immensely to individualized/personalized medicine in the developed world.Main body:At the dawn of precision medicine, various omics-based therapies and bioengineering can now be applied accurately for the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and risk stratification of cancer in a manner that was hitherto not thought possible. The widespread introduction of genomics and other omics-based approaches into the postgraduate training curriculum of diverse medical and dental specialties, including pathology has improved the proficiency of practitioners in the use of novel molecular signatures in patient management. In addition, intricate details about disease disparity among different human populations are beginning to emerge. This would facilitate the use of tailor-made novel theranostic methods based on emerging molecular evidences.Conclusion:In this review, we examined the challenges and prospects of using currently available omics-based technologies vis-à-vis oral pathology as well as prompt cancer diagnosis and treatment in a resource limited setting.Keywords:Omics-based, Molecular, Developing world, Oral pathology, Challenges
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Omics-based molecular techniques in oral pathology centred cancer: prospect and challenges in Africa
- Authors: Adeola, Henry A. , Soyele, Olujide.O. , Adefuye, Anthonio O. , Jimoh, Sikiru A. , Butali, Azeez
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Eastern Cape, South Africa Oral mucosa--Cancer Oral Pathology Cancer Computer File
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/5857 , vital:44658 , https://DOI10.1186/s12935-017-0432-8
- Description: Background:The completion of the human genome project and the accomplished milestones in the human proteome project; as well as the progress made so far in computational bioinformatics and “big data” processing have contributed immensely to individualized/personalized medicine in the developed world.Main body:At the dawn of precision medicine, various omics-based therapies and bioengineering can now be applied accurately for the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and risk stratification of cancer in a manner that was hitherto not thought possible. The widespread introduction of genomics and other omics-based approaches into the postgraduate training curriculum of diverse medical and dental specialties, including pathology has improved the proficiency of practitioners in the use of novel molecular signatures in patient management. In addition, intricate details about disease disparity among different human populations are beginning to emerge. This would facilitate the use of tailor-made novel theranostic methods based on emerging molecular evidences.Conclusion:In this review, we examined the challenges and prospects of using currently available omics-based technologies vis-à-vis oral pathology as well as prompt cancer diagnosis and treatment in a resource limited setting.Keywords:Omics-based, Molecular, Developing world, Oral pathology, Challenges
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Agro-morphological characterisation, nitrogen use efficiency and combining ability of quality protein maize (zea mays l.) genotypes for low nitrogen tolerance
- AdeOluwa, Olusola Oluyinka https://orcid.org/ 0000-0003-2145-7141
- Authors: AdeOluwa, Olusola Oluyinka https://orcid.org/ 0000-0003-2145-7141
- Date: 2021-08
- Subjects: Corn -- Quality
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21501 , vital:48855 , http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85032715
- Description: Low nitrogen stress tolerant Quality Protein Maize (QPM) genotypes will be of great benefit to farmers for increasing productivity in nitrogen depleted soils in the Eastern Cape (EC) Province, South Africa (SA). The current study evaluated: (i) QPM inbred lines for tolerance to low soil nitrogen, (ii) the Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) of different QPM inbred lines, (iii) the combining ability of QPM genotypes for tolerance to low nitrogen, grain yield, and other agro-morphological traits, and (iv) the agro-morphological characteristics and adaptation of QPM hybrids to environments of different production potential in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Thirty-two white-seeded QPM inbred lines obtained from CIMMYT-Zimbabwe and Quality Seeds (PTY) LTD were evaluated for tolerance to low soil nitrogen stress using two nitrogen (N) treatment levels: 0 kg N ha-1 and 30 kg N ha-1 under both glasshouse and field conditions at the Crop Research farm, University of Fort Hare, in two planting seasons. The study aimed at assessing the response of QPM inbred lines to low N, with a view to identifying low N tolerant types under both glasshouse and field conditions. Shoot length stress tolerance index (SHL STI) indicated lines L23, L29, L27, L13, L16, L17, L31, L14, L18 and L22 to be low soil N tolerant from the glasshouse study. From the field study, low N Stress Tolerance Index (STI) identified inbred lines L23, L31, L26, L28, L25, L29, L32, L4, L6, L3 and L2 as low soil N tolerant. These inbred lines also had high grain yields (GY) in the field under 0 kg N ha-1 (all ranked within the top ten except L2). They also had the potential for stable yields across environments considering their high Yield Stability Index (YSI), Mean Productivity (MP), Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP) and Stress Susceptibility Index (SSI) values. Both the glasshouse and field studies revealed inbred lines L22, L23, L26, L28, L25, L29 and L31 were common to both the glasshouse and field studies as being low soil N tolerant. These thirty-two parental QPM inbred lines were evaluated in the field for their nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) under five different nitrogen levels: 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha-1. The inbred lines studied under 0 kg N ha-1 and 30 kg N ha-1 indicated that N level expressed highly significant differences (P ≤ 0.001) for total nitrogen in biomass (Bio Total N), total nitrogen in grain (G Total N), grain yield (GY), nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and almost all the indices estimated. The top six nutrient use efficient genotypes were L9, L14, L23, L25, L29 and L32 across N levels. However, the best and highest NUE was obtained from the lowest fertilizer dose, 30 kg N ha-1. Highly significant and positive correlation coefficients were found between Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) and yield (+0.9), NUE and NUtE (+0.9), NUE and HI (Harvest Index) (+0.5), NUtE and yield (+0.99), HI and yield (+0.5) and NUtE and HI (+0.5). Thus, NUE, HI and NUtE could be good predictors of yield potential under low N soil conditions. Sixty-four testcross hybrids were generated from crossing these 32 QPM inbred lines with two QPM open pollinated varieties (OPVs) as testers in a line x tester design and were evaluated under 0 kg N ha-1 and 30 kg N ha-1 in the field. The objectives of the experiment were to: (i) identify high yielding hybrids with tolerance to low soil N in the EC; (ii) determine the combining abilities and mode of gene action for various traits under low and high nitrogen conditions; and (iii) group the inbred lines into heterotic groups for future use in the breeding program. Results revealed that under 30 kg N ha-1 (30N) condition, both additive and non-additive gene effects were observed with less importance of non-additive gene action for grain yield. Based on specific combining ability (SCA) effects, hybrids LNC22, LNC31, LOB22, LNC30, LNC29, LOB11, LNC18, LOB30, LOB19 and LNC24 showed outstanding performance under 0 kg N ha-1 (0N) condition with relatively acceptable SCA under 30N for yield. Inbred lines L6 (1.63), L22 (1.74), L29 (1.83) and L30 (1.24) showed positive and significant GCAs for grain yield under 0N. They were identified as the best combiners for grain yield as they were among the top ten performers for GCA under 0N. They can be very useful sources of low N tolerance genes. Two heterotic groups were formed under 0 kg N ha-1 and 30 kg N ha-1 conditions, and they will be useful for future hybrid development in the breeding program. Furthermore, these thirty-two QPM inbred lines were utilised as parental lines to generate seventy-six single cross hybrids. These single cross hybrids were evaluated across three environments of varying production potential in the Eastern Cape (EC), during the 2016/17 and 2017/18 summer seasons. Non-QPM hybrids namely PAN5Q649R and Phb31MO7BR, as well as QPM OPVs OBATANPA and Nelson's Choice were included in these preliminary variety trials (PVTs) as checks. Twenty-five hybrids expressing high values for the Smith – Hazel selection index were identified across sites over years. Among those hybrids were two checks, namely Q16 (PAN5Q649R) and Q33 (Phb31MO7BR). The top five high – yielding hybrids selected based on the selection index were considered to be the most productive, stable and adaptable based on the GGE biplot and AMMI stability values. None of these single cross hybrids over yielded the best hybrid check (Q16) in the current study. A high potential environment, Centane, was the ideal environments for evaluating genotypes in the present study. The studies showed inbred lines L22, L23, L26, L28, L25, L29 and L31 to be low N stress tolerant at 0 kg N ha-1 based on the low N stress tolerance indices under glasshouse and the field conditions; they were also among the top ten grain-yielders under field conditions at 0 kg N ha-1. Also, in the NUE study, they were found to be among the top ten most N-efficient inbred lines under low N soils, under 30 kg N ha-1, and were among the top twenty-four inbred lines with high NUE values across the N levels in the study. Inbred lines L29 and L22 also produced testcross hybrids that were among the top twenty based on GY under 0 kg N ha-1. The testcross hybrids produced from these inbred lines were also among the top twenty-five with outstanding SCA effects for GY. These inbred lines were also parental lines of some of the top twenty- five best hybrids selected based on the Smith – Hazel selection index in the PVT study. Inbred lines L22, L23, L26, L28, L25, L29 and L31 can therefore further be evaluated and used as sources of N-tolerance genes in QPM breeding programs. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-08
- Authors: AdeOluwa, Olusola Oluyinka https://orcid.org/ 0000-0003-2145-7141
- Date: 2021-08
- Subjects: Corn -- Quality
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21501 , vital:48855 , http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85032715
- Description: Low nitrogen stress tolerant Quality Protein Maize (QPM) genotypes will be of great benefit to farmers for increasing productivity in nitrogen depleted soils in the Eastern Cape (EC) Province, South Africa (SA). The current study evaluated: (i) QPM inbred lines for tolerance to low soil nitrogen, (ii) the Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) of different QPM inbred lines, (iii) the combining ability of QPM genotypes for tolerance to low nitrogen, grain yield, and other agro-morphological traits, and (iv) the agro-morphological characteristics and adaptation of QPM hybrids to environments of different production potential in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Thirty-two white-seeded QPM inbred lines obtained from CIMMYT-Zimbabwe and Quality Seeds (PTY) LTD were evaluated for tolerance to low soil nitrogen stress using two nitrogen (N) treatment levels: 0 kg N ha-1 and 30 kg N ha-1 under both glasshouse and field conditions at the Crop Research farm, University of Fort Hare, in two planting seasons. The study aimed at assessing the response of QPM inbred lines to low N, with a view to identifying low N tolerant types under both glasshouse and field conditions. Shoot length stress tolerance index (SHL STI) indicated lines L23, L29, L27, L13, L16, L17, L31, L14, L18 and L22 to be low soil N tolerant from the glasshouse study. From the field study, low N Stress Tolerance Index (STI) identified inbred lines L23, L31, L26, L28, L25, L29, L32, L4, L6, L3 and L2 as low soil N tolerant. These inbred lines also had high grain yields (GY) in the field under 0 kg N ha-1 (all ranked within the top ten except L2). They also had the potential for stable yields across environments considering their high Yield Stability Index (YSI), Mean Productivity (MP), Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP) and Stress Susceptibility Index (SSI) values. Both the glasshouse and field studies revealed inbred lines L22, L23, L26, L28, L25, L29 and L31 were common to both the glasshouse and field studies as being low soil N tolerant. These thirty-two parental QPM inbred lines were evaluated in the field for their nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) under five different nitrogen levels: 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha-1. The inbred lines studied under 0 kg N ha-1 and 30 kg N ha-1 indicated that N level expressed highly significant differences (P ≤ 0.001) for total nitrogen in biomass (Bio Total N), total nitrogen in grain (G Total N), grain yield (GY), nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and almost all the indices estimated. The top six nutrient use efficient genotypes were L9, L14, L23, L25, L29 and L32 across N levels. However, the best and highest NUE was obtained from the lowest fertilizer dose, 30 kg N ha-1. Highly significant and positive correlation coefficients were found between Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) and yield (+0.9), NUE and NUtE (+0.9), NUE and HI (Harvest Index) (+0.5), NUtE and yield (+0.99), HI and yield (+0.5) and NUtE and HI (+0.5). Thus, NUE, HI and NUtE could be good predictors of yield potential under low N soil conditions. Sixty-four testcross hybrids were generated from crossing these 32 QPM inbred lines with two QPM open pollinated varieties (OPVs) as testers in a line x tester design and were evaluated under 0 kg N ha-1 and 30 kg N ha-1 in the field. The objectives of the experiment were to: (i) identify high yielding hybrids with tolerance to low soil N in the EC; (ii) determine the combining abilities and mode of gene action for various traits under low and high nitrogen conditions; and (iii) group the inbred lines into heterotic groups for future use in the breeding program. Results revealed that under 30 kg N ha-1 (30N) condition, both additive and non-additive gene effects were observed with less importance of non-additive gene action for grain yield. Based on specific combining ability (SCA) effects, hybrids LNC22, LNC31, LOB22, LNC30, LNC29, LOB11, LNC18, LOB30, LOB19 and LNC24 showed outstanding performance under 0 kg N ha-1 (0N) condition with relatively acceptable SCA under 30N for yield. Inbred lines L6 (1.63), L22 (1.74), L29 (1.83) and L30 (1.24) showed positive and significant GCAs for grain yield under 0N. They were identified as the best combiners for grain yield as they were among the top ten performers for GCA under 0N. They can be very useful sources of low N tolerance genes. Two heterotic groups were formed under 0 kg N ha-1 and 30 kg N ha-1 conditions, and they will be useful for future hybrid development in the breeding program. Furthermore, these thirty-two QPM inbred lines were utilised as parental lines to generate seventy-six single cross hybrids. These single cross hybrids were evaluated across three environments of varying production potential in the Eastern Cape (EC), during the 2016/17 and 2017/18 summer seasons. Non-QPM hybrids namely PAN5Q649R and Phb31MO7BR, as well as QPM OPVs OBATANPA and Nelson's Choice were included in these preliminary variety trials (PVTs) as checks. Twenty-five hybrids expressing high values for the Smith – Hazel selection index were identified across sites over years. Among those hybrids were two checks, namely Q16 (PAN5Q649R) and Q33 (Phb31MO7BR). The top five high – yielding hybrids selected based on the selection index were considered to be the most productive, stable and adaptable based on the GGE biplot and AMMI stability values. None of these single cross hybrids over yielded the best hybrid check (Q16) in the current study. A high potential environment, Centane, was the ideal environments for evaluating genotypes in the present study. The studies showed inbred lines L22, L23, L26, L28, L25, L29 and L31 to be low N stress tolerant at 0 kg N ha-1 based on the low N stress tolerance indices under glasshouse and the field conditions; they were also among the top ten grain-yielders under field conditions at 0 kg N ha-1. Also, in the NUE study, they were found to be among the top ten most N-efficient inbred lines under low N soils, under 30 kg N ha-1, and were among the top twenty-four inbred lines with high NUE values across the N levels in the study. Inbred lines L29 and L22 also produced testcross hybrids that were among the top twenty based on GY under 0 kg N ha-1. The testcross hybrids produced from these inbred lines were also among the top twenty-five with outstanding SCA effects for GY. These inbred lines were also parental lines of some of the top twenty- five best hybrids selected based on the Smith – Hazel selection index in the PVT study. Inbred lines L22, L23, L26, L28, L25, L29 and L31 can therefore further be evaluated and used as sources of N-tolerance genes in QPM breeding programs. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-08