Chin'ombe. Kukowa wala, 1st movement
- Benson Phiri, Chewa young men, Tracey, Hugh
- Authors: Benson Phiri , Chewa young men , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk music--Africa , Songs, Tumbuka , Tumbuka (African people) , Songs, Chewa , Chewa (African people) , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi Lilongwe f-mw
- Language: Tumbuka , Chewa, Chichewa, Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187254 , vital:44591 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , TR192-04
- Description: The dancers were composed of about 50 young men from the ages of 10 to 20 years. Three dancers pranced in front. A notable feature was the large butterfly bows tied onto the top of the heads of several of the dancers. Muganda dance with Malipenga singing gourds (-11.14-) and two bass drums
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
- Authors: Benson Phiri , Chewa young men , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk music--Africa , Songs, Tumbuka , Tumbuka (African people) , Songs, Chewa , Chewa (African people) , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi Lilongwe f-mw
- Language: Tumbuka , Chewa, Chichewa, Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187254 , vital:44591 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , TR192-04
- Description: The dancers were composed of about 50 young men from the ages of 10 to 20 years. Three dancers pranced in front. A notable feature was the large butterfly bows tied onto the top of the heads of several of the dancers. Muganda dance with Malipenga singing gourds (-11.14-) and two bass drums
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
Malaya
- Witmani Phiri, Chewa young men, Tracey, Hugh
- Authors: Witmani Phiri , Chewa young men , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk music--Africa , Songs, Tumbuka , Tumbuka (African people) , Songs, Chewa , Chewa (African people) , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi Lilongwe f-mw
- Language: Tumbuka , Chewa, Chichewa, Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187263 , vital:44592 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , TR192-05
- Description: "We have no clothes to wear, which is very disappointing. If we work hard we will get money but it will not be enough to buy all the clothes we need." The great economic incentive in many parts of Africa among the young men is fine clothes. Many indeed go to the towns and mines for this primary purpose. Muganda dance with Malipenga singing gourds (-11.14-) and two bass drums
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
- Authors: Witmani Phiri , Chewa young men , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk music--Africa , Songs, Tumbuka , Tumbuka (African people) , Songs, Chewa , Chewa (African people) , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi Lilongwe f-mw
- Language: Tumbuka , Chewa, Chichewa, Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187263 , vital:44592 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , TR192-05
- Description: "We have no clothes to wear, which is very disappointing. If we work hard we will get money but it will not be enough to buy all the clothes we need." The great economic incentive in many parts of Africa among the young men is fine clothes. Many indeed go to the towns and mines for this primary purpose. Muganda dance with Malipenga singing gourds (-11.14-) and two bass drums
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
Mungabe
- hewa women, Composer not specified, Tracey, Hugh
- Authors: hewa women , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi Lilongwe f-mw
- Language: Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/317532 , vital:59950 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP2815-XYZ6335
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
- Authors: hewa women , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi Lilongwe f-mw
- Language: Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/317532 , vital:59950 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP2815-XYZ6335
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
Ndarama zao kusowa
- Benson Phiri, Chewa men, Tracey, Hugh
- Authors: Benson Phiri , Chewa men , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk music--Africa , Songs, Tumbuka , Tumbuka (African people) , Songs, Chewa , Chewa (African people) , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi Lilongwe f-mw
- Language: Tumbuka , Chewa, Chichewa, Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187245 , vital:44589 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , TR192-03
- Description: Melody for the 2nd movement. There are two movements in the Muganda dance, the second is performed with drums only and without the Malipenga gourds. Muganda dance, with 1 Bass drum (rubber beaters), I small bass drum (stick beaters) and Malipenga singing gourds with mirliton (-11.14-)
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
- Authors: Benson Phiri , Chewa men , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk music--Africa , Songs, Tumbuka , Tumbuka (African people) , Songs, Chewa , Chewa (African people) , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi Lilongwe f-mw
- Language: Tumbuka , Chewa, Chichewa, Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187245 , vital:44589 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , TR192-03
- Description: Melody for the 2nd movement. There are two movements in the Muganda dance, the second is performed with drums only and without the Malipenga gourds. Muganda dance, with 1 Bass drum (rubber beaters), I small bass drum (stick beaters) and Malipenga singing gourds with mirliton (-11.14-)
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
Ndamutemba Nyanja
- Ganizani Nyirenda, Composer not specified, Tracey, Hugh
- Authors: Ganizani Nyirenda , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi Lilongwe f-mw
- Language: Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/317708 , vital:59973 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP2822-XYZ6342a
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
- Authors: Ganizani Nyirenda , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi Lilongwe f-mw
- Language: Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/317708 , vital:59973 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP2822-XYZ6342a
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
Mbiriyade
- Chewa girls, Composer not specified, Tracey, Hugh
- Authors: Chewa girls , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi Lilongwe f-mw
- Language: Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/317688 , vital:59971 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP2821-XYZ6341b
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
- Authors: Chewa girls , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi Lilongwe f-mw
- Language: Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/317688 , vital:59971 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP2821-XYZ6341b
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
Mailole
- Young Chewa women, Composer not specified, Tracey, Hugh
- Authors: Young Chewa women , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi Lilongwe f-mw
- Language: Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/316415 , vital:59826 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP2767-XYZ6279
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
- Authors: Young Chewa women , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi Lilongwe f-mw
- Language: Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/316415 , vital:59826 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP2767-XYZ6279
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
Inyimbo Copper Belt
- Bulawayo Sweet Rythms, Composer not specified, Tracey, Hugh
- Authors: Bulawayo Sweet Rythms , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi Lilongwe f-mw
- Language: Bemba
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/316058 , vital:59784 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP2753-XYZ6299
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
- Authors: Bulawayo Sweet Rythms , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi Lilongwe f-mw
- Language: Bemba
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/316058 , vital:59784 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP2753-XYZ6299
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
Mbakulumba
- Chewa girls, Composer not specified, Tracey, Hugh
- Authors: Chewa girls , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi Lilongwe f-mw
- Language: Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/317683 , vital:59970 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP2821-XYZ6341a
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
- Authors: Chewa girls , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi Lilongwe f-mw
- Language: Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/317683 , vital:59970 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP2821-XYZ6341a
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
Amani mwanena kululuka
- Chewa girls, Composer not specified, Tracey, Hugh
- Authors: Chewa girls , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi Lilongwe f-mw
- Language: Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/317703 , vital:59972 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP2821-XYZ6341c
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
- Authors: Chewa girls , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi Lilongwe f-mw
- Language: Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/317703 , vital:59972 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP2821-XYZ6341c
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
Kwathu ku Nyasa
- Nyasaland Police Band, Composer not specified, Tracey, Hugh
- Authors: Nyasaland Police Band , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi Lilongwe f-mw
- Language: Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/315635 , vital:59736 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP2731-XYZ6271
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
- Authors: Nyasaland Police Band , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi Lilongwe f-mw
- Language: Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/315635 , vital:59736 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP2731-XYZ6271
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
Ndilandile kalata kwa Masula
- Falesi Phiri, Chewa women and girls, Tracey, Hugh
- Authors: Falesi Phiri , Chewa women and girls , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk music--Africa , Songs, Tumbuka , Tumbuka (African people) , Songs, Chewa , Chewa (African people) , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi Lilongwe f-mw
- Language: Tumbuka , Chewa, Chichewa, Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187306 , vital:44601 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , TR192-10
- Description: "When I receive a letter from Masula i'ii read it with all my heart." The women circle and dance around the drummer in the centre. The comparative simplicity of the music and drumming indicates the subtle influence of school (foreign) music teaching. Kasodo dance song for women and girls with Barrel drum, double heade, laced, and a tin (-12.16-) and whistles (-11.515-)
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
- Authors: Falesi Phiri , Chewa women and girls , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk music--Africa , Songs, Tumbuka , Tumbuka (African people) , Songs, Chewa , Chewa (African people) , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi Lilongwe f-mw
- Language: Tumbuka , Chewa, Chichewa, Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187306 , vital:44601 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , TR192-10
- Description: "When I receive a letter from Masula i'ii read it with all my heart." The women circle and dance around the drummer in the centre. The comparative simplicity of the music and drumming indicates the subtle influence of school (foreign) music teaching. Kasodo dance song for women and girls with Barrel drum, double heade, laced, and a tin (-12.16-) and whistles (-11.515-)
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
Skekelele canthemwa
- School children at Mwase Central School, Composer not specified, Tracey, Hugh
- Authors: School children at Mwase Central School , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi Lilongwe f-mw
- Language: Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/317602 , vital:59960 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP2818-XYZ6338
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
- Authors: School children at Mwase Central School , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi Lilongwe f-mw
- Language: Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/317602 , vital:59960 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP2818-XYZ6338
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
Manyanda. Kulowa, 1st movement
- Benson Phiri, Chewa men, Tracey, Hugh
- Authors: Benson Phiri , Chewa men , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk music--Africa , Songs, Tumbuka , Tumbuka (African people) , Songs, Chewa , Chewa (African people) , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi Lilongwe f-mw
- Language: Tumbuka , Chewa, Chichewa, Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187226 , vital:44587 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , TR192-01
- Description: A good example of Malipenga and dancing. This is the opening movement of the dance. The word Muganda which is the name of this dance is taken from the sound of the drum which accompany the singing gourds. There are two movements in the Muganda dance, the second is performed with drums only and without the Malipenga gourds. Muganda dance, with 1 Bass drum (rubber beaters), I small bass drum (stick beaters) and Malipenga singing gourds with mirliton (-11.14-)
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
- Authors: Benson Phiri , Chewa men , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk music--Africa , Songs, Tumbuka , Tumbuka (African people) , Songs, Chewa , Chewa (African people) , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi Lilongwe f-mw
- Language: Tumbuka , Chewa, Chichewa, Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187226 , vital:44587 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , TR192-01
- Description: A good example of Malipenga and dancing. This is the opening movement of the dance. The word Muganda which is the name of this dance is taken from the sound of the drum which accompany the singing gourds. There are two movements in the Muganda dance, the second is performed with drums only and without the Malipenga gourds. Muganda dance, with 1 Bass drum (rubber beaters), I small bass drum (stick beaters) and Malipenga singing gourds with mirliton (-11.14-)
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
Koko
- Chewa women of Chadza village, Composer not specified, Tracey, Hugh
- Authors: Chewa women of Chadza village , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi Lilongwe f-mw
- Language: Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/317559 , vital:59953 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP2817-XYZ6336
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
- Authors: Chewa women of Chadza village , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi Lilongwe f-mw
- Language: Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/317559 , vital:59953 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP2817-XYZ6336
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
Mailole
- Young Chewa women, Tracey, Hugh
- Authors: Young Chewa women , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk music--Africa , Songs, Tumbuka , Tumbuka (African people) , Songs, Chewa , Chewa (African people) , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi Lilongwe f-mw
- Language: Tumbuka , Chewa, Chichewa, Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187316 , vital:44603 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , TR192-11
- Description: "I will go to Zomba to dance Jiri with my friend Mailole." The girls clap the first four beats in the bar. Jiri dance song for younger women with clapping and whistles (-11.515-)
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
- Authors: Young Chewa women , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk music--Africa , Songs, Tumbuka , Tumbuka (African people) , Songs, Chewa , Chewa (African people) , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi Lilongwe f-mw
- Language: Tumbuka , Chewa, Chichewa, Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187316 , vital:44603 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , TR192-11
- Description: "I will go to Zomba to dance Jiri with my friend Mailole." The girls clap the first four beats in the bar. Jiri dance song for younger women with clapping and whistles (-11.515-)
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950