A critical assessment of economic policies and their impact on entrepreneurship development in South Africa: a case of Khayelitsha Township in Cape Town
- Oduwole, Olusola https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1563-7392
- Authors: Oduwole, Olusola https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1563-7392
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Entrepreneurship , Economic policy , Economic development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26302 , vital:65236
- Description: The complexity of the South African society due to past systematic exclusion of some communities from economic activities resulted in the triple challenge of poverty, inequality and unemployment. Although various economic policies had been developed since the advent of the democratic dispensation in 1994, these policies focused on levelling the economic environment, poverty alleviation and massive social security system. However, despite all the interventions, South Africa remains one of the most unequal societies in the world. This is profiled by the mushrooming of informal settlements around cities with job seekers and frequent protests by people who are impatient to experience improvement in their quality of life and who feel cheated out of their social contract. Advocacy from the governing party’s tripartite alliance towards a developmental state had placed more obligations on the government. This requires deliberate interventions through policies implementation to improve or at best alleviate the well-being of the citizenry. A survey conducted in the township of Khayelitsha to assess the impact of such economic policies on the development of entrepreneurship. Khayelitsha is one of South Africa’s largest townships, an informal settlement profiled by unemployment, poor infrastructure and unavailability of basic services. The study explored the entrepreneurial perception, start-up barriers, entrepreneurship climate, and general cultural factors relating to the environment of entrepreneurship development. The results reveal that despite the various economic policies, high level of unwillingness of citizens towards entrepreneurial activity and business venture is rife notwithstanding the high level of unemployment and poverty. The antidote to these challenges would be a rapid entrepreneurship drive among people most affected that would cause them to mind their own business” and become “masters of their own destinies. Given the complexity and massiveness of the challenges, the conclusion shows that a pragmatic solution is required. Therefore, the emancipation of entrepreneurship development in South Africa townships needs attention. The recommended solution is a pragmatic and innovative strategy based on the acronyms NEEDS HELP which stand for Neighbourhood Enhancement and Environmental Development Strategy and Holistic Entrepreneurial Lifestyle Programme. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2015
- Full Text:
- Authors: Oduwole, Olusola https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1563-7392
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Entrepreneurship , Economic policy , Economic development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26302 , vital:65236
- Description: The complexity of the South African society due to past systematic exclusion of some communities from economic activities resulted in the triple challenge of poverty, inequality and unemployment. Although various economic policies had been developed since the advent of the democratic dispensation in 1994, these policies focused on levelling the economic environment, poverty alleviation and massive social security system. However, despite all the interventions, South Africa remains one of the most unequal societies in the world. This is profiled by the mushrooming of informal settlements around cities with job seekers and frequent protests by people who are impatient to experience improvement in their quality of life and who feel cheated out of their social contract. Advocacy from the governing party’s tripartite alliance towards a developmental state had placed more obligations on the government. This requires deliberate interventions through policies implementation to improve or at best alleviate the well-being of the citizenry. A survey conducted in the township of Khayelitsha to assess the impact of such economic policies on the development of entrepreneurship. Khayelitsha is one of South Africa’s largest townships, an informal settlement profiled by unemployment, poor infrastructure and unavailability of basic services. The study explored the entrepreneurial perception, start-up barriers, entrepreneurship climate, and general cultural factors relating to the environment of entrepreneurship development. The results reveal that despite the various economic policies, high level of unwillingness of citizens towards entrepreneurial activity and business venture is rife notwithstanding the high level of unemployment and poverty. The antidote to these challenges would be a rapid entrepreneurship drive among people most affected that would cause them to mind their own business” and become “masters of their own destinies. Given the complexity and massiveness of the challenges, the conclusion shows that a pragmatic solution is required. Therefore, the emancipation of entrepreneurship development in South Africa townships needs attention. The recommended solution is a pragmatic and innovative strategy based on the acronyms NEEDS HELP which stand for Neighbourhood Enhancement and Environmental Development Strategy and Holistic Entrepreneurial Lifestyle Programme. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2015
- Full Text:
An analysis of ethics and governance practices in the public sector: United Nations and African Union perspectives
- Authors: Shindika, Emmanuel Selemani
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: United Nations , African Union , Public administration -- Moral and ethical aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26164 , vital:64946
- Description: Recent studies highlight the importance of improving governance and ethics in public entities, especially in Africa. However, doing so requires an understanding on what forms governance and ethics in public institutions, particularly at a national level. Such considerations necessitates that some focus on continental and world institutions, such as, the African Union and the United Nations. These institutions have been in existence for a number of years with mandates of improving member states governance and ethics, as well as, service delivery to the public. As such, this research primarily focuses on understanding the roles played by the AU and the UN in shaping governance and ethics to member states, as well as, of its employees. The focus of this inquiry was to understand individual narratives about how working for public institutions on a daily to day basis influences governance and ethics understanding and application. Therefore, in order to properly analyse the narratives from respondents, the study applied an inductive and qualitative approach in order to explore how the AU and UN systems influence governance and ethics for member s states and employees. Data was collected through semi structured interviews with UN and AU officials, as well as public servants of member states for those organisations. The study made use of a thematic analyses method of interpreting data. A total of six major themes emerged, they are as follows: ethics a part in governance; effectiveness of AU and UN systems; disciplinary role; ethical guidelines and standards influence on public sector; member states adherence to the UN/AU ethical conduct; and implementation gaps in ethical guidelines within member states. Interviews were conducted in four countries namely; South Africa, Tanzania, Mauritius and Botswana. Findings from the study pointed that the AU and UN systems have loopholes in dealing with issues of governance and ethics. Moreover, member states respondents also pointed to the loopholes in those two organisations. The research suggests that member states should tighten their public entities ethical compliance assessments and follow suggestions from the UN and AU. Final recommendations and suggestions for further research are provided. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2015
- Full Text:
- Authors: Shindika, Emmanuel Selemani
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: United Nations , African Union , Public administration -- Moral and ethical aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26164 , vital:64946
- Description: Recent studies highlight the importance of improving governance and ethics in public entities, especially in Africa. However, doing so requires an understanding on what forms governance and ethics in public institutions, particularly at a national level. Such considerations necessitates that some focus on continental and world institutions, such as, the African Union and the United Nations. These institutions have been in existence for a number of years with mandates of improving member states governance and ethics, as well as, service delivery to the public. As such, this research primarily focuses on understanding the roles played by the AU and the UN in shaping governance and ethics to member states, as well as, of its employees. The focus of this inquiry was to understand individual narratives about how working for public institutions on a daily to day basis influences governance and ethics understanding and application. Therefore, in order to properly analyse the narratives from respondents, the study applied an inductive and qualitative approach in order to explore how the AU and UN systems influence governance and ethics for member s states and employees. Data was collected through semi structured interviews with UN and AU officials, as well as public servants of member states for those organisations. The study made use of a thematic analyses method of interpreting data. A total of six major themes emerged, they are as follows: ethics a part in governance; effectiveness of AU and UN systems; disciplinary role; ethical guidelines and standards influence on public sector; member states adherence to the UN/AU ethical conduct; and implementation gaps in ethical guidelines within member states. Interviews were conducted in four countries namely; South Africa, Tanzania, Mauritius and Botswana. Findings from the study pointed that the AU and UN systems have loopholes in dealing with issues of governance and ethics. Moreover, member states respondents also pointed to the loopholes in those two organisations. The research suggests that member states should tighten their public entities ethical compliance assessments and follow suggestions from the UN and AU. Final recommendations and suggestions for further research are provided. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2015
- Full Text:
An analysis of schooling outcomes in the Eastern Cape, using production function approach
- Authors: Ncanywa, Thobeka
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Education -- Economic aspects , Production functions (Economic theory) , School management and organization
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26570 , vital:65656
- Description: This study analysed the schooling outcomes of the Eastern Cape Department of Basic Education in the period heading into the second decade of democracy. The main objective of the thesis is to discover what constitutes the education production function of the Eastern Cape schooling system. In an attempt to reach this objective, the study adopted an education production function approach to answer the questions of what constitute the Eastern Cape education production function, what the effects are of the Dinaledi policy interventions on learner performance and the effects of district size on schooling outcomes. The main focus of the constituents of the production function is on the level of the former Bantustan penalty and Department of Education and Training (DET) penalty in relation to former White schools; as well as the quality of educators in the province. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and quantile regressions were used to analyse the data and the Annual National Assessment (ANA) represented schooling outcomes and was estimated against school, educator and community characteristics. The results indicated a strong relationship between schooling outcomes and the school inputs that were used in the study. The effects of the Dinaledi intervention programme were analysed using the grade 12 panel data for the period from 2008 to 2013, where event dropout rates represented schooling outcomes. The findings that emerged from this study indicated that this programme provides a model that can improve the Eastern Cape schooling outcomes. The effects of district size on schooling outcomes were analysed with the regression discontinuity design technique and this revealed that district sizes have an impact on schooling outcomes. Overall, the results suggested that White schools perform better than their counterparts; that placing schools in quintiles is a good policy intervention; and that educator quality is associated with schooling outcomes. The key findings from this research were the continuing existence of the apartheid legacy in Black schools; poor educator quality; an inappropriate language of instruction; gender inequalities in performance and an uneven distribution of schools in districts. The recommendations for this research are to pay more attention to the improvement of educator quality in terms of educator qualifications, training and remuneration; implement a programme like the Dinaledi programme to all schools, as it provides resources to schools; and enforce the district size as informed by the district act so as to improve the support that district officials give to schools. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2015
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ncanywa, Thobeka
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Education -- Economic aspects , Production functions (Economic theory) , School management and organization
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26570 , vital:65656
- Description: This study analysed the schooling outcomes of the Eastern Cape Department of Basic Education in the period heading into the second decade of democracy. The main objective of the thesis is to discover what constitutes the education production function of the Eastern Cape schooling system. In an attempt to reach this objective, the study adopted an education production function approach to answer the questions of what constitute the Eastern Cape education production function, what the effects are of the Dinaledi policy interventions on learner performance and the effects of district size on schooling outcomes. The main focus of the constituents of the production function is on the level of the former Bantustan penalty and Department of Education and Training (DET) penalty in relation to former White schools; as well as the quality of educators in the province. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and quantile regressions were used to analyse the data and the Annual National Assessment (ANA) represented schooling outcomes and was estimated against school, educator and community characteristics. The results indicated a strong relationship between schooling outcomes and the school inputs that were used in the study. The effects of the Dinaledi intervention programme were analysed using the grade 12 panel data for the period from 2008 to 2013, where event dropout rates represented schooling outcomes. The findings that emerged from this study indicated that this programme provides a model that can improve the Eastern Cape schooling outcomes. The effects of district size on schooling outcomes were analysed with the regression discontinuity design technique and this revealed that district sizes have an impact on schooling outcomes. Overall, the results suggested that White schools perform better than their counterparts; that placing schools in quintiles is a good policy intervention; and that educator quality is associated with schooling outcomes. The key findings from this research were the continuing existence of the apartheid legacy in Black schools; poor educator quality; an inappropriate language of instruction; gender inequalities in performance and an uneven distribution of schools in districts. The recommendations for this research are to pay more attention to the improvement of educator quality in terms of educator qualifications, training and remuneration; implement a programme like the Dinaledi programme to all schools, as it provides resources to schools; and enforce the district size as informed by the district act so as to improve the support that district officials give to schools. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2015
- Full Text:
An investigation of source rocks and depositional environments on acid mine drainage in South African coal mines: a comparison of the main Karoo basin and sub-basins.
- Authors: Ncube, Lindani
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Mine drainage -- Environmental aspects -- South Africa , Coal mines and mining -- Environmental aspects -- South Africa , Acid mine drainage -- Environmental aspects -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19556 , vital:43139
- Description: The coal deposits have been and continue to be the primary source of energy in South Africa. The continuous use of coal presents many challenges that includes genesis of acid mine drainage (AMD) which is as a result of the oxidation of predominant pyrite (FeS2) and other sulphides. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of source rocks and their depositional environments on AMD generation in South African coal mine environments. Five collieries from five coalfields were selected as case studies: Brandspruit in the Highveld, Vaalkrantz in the Vryheid, the Elitheni in the Molteno-Indwe, the Arnot in the Witbank and the Malatleng Exploration Project in the Waterberg Coalfields. Brandspruit, Vaalkrantz and Elitheni Collieries are located in the Main Karoo Basin, while the Witbank and the Waterberg Coalfields are located in Sub-Basins. The study investigated a variety of indices such as palaeo-depositional environments, mineral assemblages, geochemical signatures, water quality parameters, acid base accounting (ABA) and water leach tests for the coal and associated non-coal strata. An effort was made to establish the relationship between the mineralogy of the studied lithologies and the associated water quality. The study resulted in delineation of detrital and diagenetic rock components and interpretation of source area of rock types and the origin and timing of diagenetic alterations. Sandstone units are prevalent, except in the Waterberg Coalfield where mudstones are prevalent. Classifications of the mineralogical composition with descriptive adjectives yield the rock names arkose to sub-arkose categories in the Main Karoo Basin, and sub-arenites to quartz arenites in the Sub-Basins with the sandstones of recycled origin. Further, the sandstones of the Main Karoo Basin are of mixed provenance whilst those of Sub-Basins represent cratonic interior provenance. Sandstone from the Main Karoo Basin generally exhibit high concentrations of feldspars, which favour either high relief, arid or arctic climates with less chemical weathering at the source area. The presence of glauconite in sediments of the Main Karoo Basin attests to a marine continental shelf depositional environment. Sediments of the Main Karoo Basin have high contents of tadpole-shaped pyrite in coal and non-coal strata as compared to sediments of the Sub-Basins. The observed pyrite is ascribed to early diagenetic origin, and is closely related to the generation of acid mining drainage. The sediments have experienced an involved sequence of diagenetic alterations. The alterations considered to be typical for sandstones in the Main Karoo Basin are calcite cementation, feldspar dissolution, kaolinite infilling, pyrite grain coatings, albitization and pressure solution; whereas, quartz overgrowth and clay matrix filling are characteristics of sediments of Sub-Basins. The sequence and distribution of these alterations are related to the source mineral composition, depositional environment, stratigraphic relationships and burial history of the sediments. A direct link exists among the depositional environments, the mineral assemblages and the geochemical compositions of the lithologies. SiO2 is the dominant major oxide and is abundant in coals from coalfields located in the Sub-Basins. Si, Al, Fe, Ca, S, Mg, K and Na show strong association with their discrete minerals. The sandstones are substantially enriched in elements that are chemically immobile and associated with terrigenous influx, such as SiO2, Al2O3, and TiO2. The observed high contents of SiO2 are probably due to source rocks and silicification. SiO2, Al2O3 and TiO2 are related to clay and heavy minerals, with elevated Fe2O3 (Total) content in sediments of the Main Karoo Basin ascribed to sulphidization. Sediments from the Main Karoo Basin are enriched in both Na2O and K2O due to albitization and muscovitization. Substantial concentrations of Ba, Rb and Zr are in accordance to the high amount of phyllosilicates and heavy minerals. Muscovitization contributes to the correlation of Rb and Ba with K2O. The shales are substantially depleted in SiO2, CaO, MgO, Na2O, K2O, TiO2 and Fe2O3 due to weathering and diagenetic alteration, but are enriched in Al2O3 and P2O5. The ABA test clearly indicates that sandstones from the Main Karoo Basin have a potential of generating AMD as they contain sufficient pyrite to generate acid, with the final pH values of the samples turning acidic upon complete oxidation of pyrite. On the contrary, sediments of SubBasins contain sufficient calcite that serves to limit the amount of acid generation. Both sandstone and coal from collieries representing the Main Karoo Basin are characterised by elevated contents of S percent in comparison to coal from collieries representing the Sub-Basins. In general, the quality of water is as a result of a combination of complex geochemical interactions that involves various ions from different sources. Water leaching test shows that the leachates have varied chemical compositions with pH values in the range of 4.5-9 for the sandstone, and 2– 8.9 for the coal leachates. Variations in the pH values are attributed to regional phenomena controlled by the mineralogical and hydrological environments. Furthermore, the variation in pH is ascribed to the presence of acid forming pyrite and acid neutralizing carbonate minerals that are highly reactive in the mining environment. Elements Na, Ca, Mg and K occur in non-compliant concentrations in both coal and non-coal leachates indicating their abundance in all of the lithologies. Na enrichment in the lithologies is associated with albite, clay minerals and Al-Ksulphate coatings. Elements Fe, Al, Cd and Pb are easily leached from the lithologies. According to the equilibrium model, gibbsite, cuprite, diaspore and boehmite are the supersaturated minerals in the lithologies. Influencing factors such as the mineralogical composition of rocks are reflected in the wide variation of pH, TDS, EC and the ion concentrations of the studied water samples. The pH of the studied areas is neutral to alkaline. High levels of TDS and EC are observed in the Brandspruit Colliery, which is due to dissolution of soluble salts from the rock sequence that the water passes through. The anion chemistry shows the dominance of SO4 2- in the surface and groundwater of Brandspruit, Vaalkrantz and Elitheni Collieries, whereas HCO3 - dominates in the Arnot Colliery. SO4 2- is ascribed to the oxidative weathering of pyrites. Cldominates in groundwater from the Arnot Colliery and the Waterberg Coalfield. The cation chemistry is dominated by Na+ in the surface and groundwater of the Brandspruit, Vaalkrantz and Elitheni Collieries. Mg2+ dominates in groundwater from the Arnot Colliery, while K+ dominates in the Waterberg Coalfield. Fe is highly enriched in water from the Brandspruit Colliery, and is linked to the oxidation of pyrite. Carbonates are the supersaturated minerals in the Sub-Basins whilst sulphates are supersaturated in the Main Karoo Basin. The research shows that variations in regional mineral distribution is a result of a palaeo-deposition environment that was of marine nature for the coal sequence in the Main Karoo Basin and of fresh water for the coal sequence in Sub-Basins. A direct link therefore exists between depositional environments, mineral assemblages and whole rock geochemistry. It can be concluded that AMD is directly linked to pyrite and other sulphides, the coal mines located in the Main Karoo Basin have the possibility to deteriorate surface- and ground-water quality and to generate AMD during the mining processes; coal miners need to seriously consider applying environmental protection measures when mining coal in the Main Karoo Basin. Whereas, coal mining in the Sub-Basins has low possibility of generating AMD and pollution. , Thesis (PhD) (Geology) -- University of Fort Hare, 2015
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ncube, Lindani
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Mine drainage -- Environmental aspects -- South Africa , Coal mines and mining -- Environmental aspects -- South Africa , Acid mine drainage -- Environmental aspects -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19556 , vital:43139
- Description: The coal deposits have been and continue to be the primary source of energy in South Africa. The continuous use of coal presents many challenges that includes genesis of acid mine drainage (AMD) which is as a result of the oxidation of predominant pyrite (FeS2) and other sulphides. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of source rocks and their depositional environments on AMD generation in South African coal mine environments. Five collieries from five coalfields were selected as case studies: Brandspruit in the Highveld, Vaalkrantz in the Vryheid, the Elitheni in the Molteno-Indwe, the Arnot in the Witbank and the Malatleng Exploration Project in the Waterberg Coalfields. Brandspruit, Vaalkrantz and Elitheni Collieries are located in the Main Karoo Basin, while the Witbank and the Waterberg Coalfields are located in Sub-Basins. The study investigated a variety of indices such as palaeo-depositional environments, mineral assemblages, geochemical signatures, water quality parameters, acid base accounting (ABA) and water leach tests for the coal and associated non-coal strata. An effort was made to establish the relationship between the mineralogy of the studied lithologies and the associated water quality. The study resulted in delineation of detrital and diagenetic rock components and interpretation of source area of rock types and the origin and timing of diagenetic alterations. Sandstone units are prevalent, except in the Waterberg Coalfield where mudstones are prevalent. Classifications of the mineralogical composition with descriptive adjectives yield the rock names arkose to sub-arkose categories in the Main Karoo Basin, and sub-arenites to quartz arenites in the Sub-Basins with the sandstones of recycled origin. Further, the sandstones of the Main Karoo Basin are of mixed provenance whilst those of Sub-Basins represent cratonic interior provenance. Sandstone from the Main Karoo Basin generally exhibit high concentrations of feldspars, which favour either high relief, arid or arctic climates with less chemical weathering at the source area. The presence of glauconite in sediments of the Main Karoo Basin attests to a marine continental shelf depositional environment. Sediments of the Main Karoo Basin have high contents of tadpole-shaped pyrite in coal and non-coal strata as compared to sediments of the Sub-Basins. The observed pyrite is ascribed to early diagenetic origin, and is closely related to the generation of acid mining drainage. The sediments have experienced an involved sequence of diagenetic alterations. The alterations considered to be typical for sandstones in the Main Karoo Basin are calcite cementation, feldspar dissolution, kaolinite infilling, pyrite grain coatings, albitization and pressure solution; whereas, quartz overgrowth and clay matrix filling are characteristics of sediments of Sub-Basins. The sequence and distribution of these alterations are related to the source mineral composition, depositional environment, stratigraphic relationships and burial history of the sediments. A direct link exists among the depositional environments, the mineral assemblages and the geochemical compositions of the lithologies. SiO2 is the dominant major oxide and is abundant in coals from coalfields located in the Sub-Basins. Si, Al, Fe, Ca, S, Mg, K and Na show strong association with their discrete minerals. The sandstones are substantially enriched in elements that are chemically immobile and associated with terrigenous influx, such as SiO2, Al2O3, and TiO2. The observed high contents of SiO2 are probably due to source rocks and silicification. SiO2, Al2O3 and TiO2 are related to clay and heavy minerals, with elevated Fe2O3 (Total) content in sediments of the Main Karoo Basin ascribed to sulphidization. Sediments from the Main Karoo Basin are enriched in both Na2O and K2O due to albitization and muscovitization. Substantial concentrations of Ba, Rb and Zr are in accordance to the high amount of phyllosilicates and heavy minerals. Muscovitization contributes to the correlation of Rb and Ba with K2O. The shales are substantially depleted in SiO2, CaO, MgO, Na2O, K2O, TiO2 and Fe2O3 due to weathering and diagenetic alteration, but are enriched in Al2O3 and P2O5. The ABA test clearly indicates that sandstones from the Main Karoo Basin have a potential of generating AMD as they contain sufficient pyrite to generate acid, with the final pH values of the samples turning acidic upon complete oxidation of pyrite. On the contrary, sediments of SubBasins contain sufficient calcite that serves to limit the amount of acid generation. Both sandstone and coal from collieries representing the Main Karoo Basin are characterised by elevated contents of S percent in comparison to coal from collieries representing the Sub-Basins. In general, the quality of water is as a result of a combination of complex geochemical interactions that involves various ions from different sources. Water leaching test shows that the leachates have varied chemical compositions with pH values in the range of 4.5-9 for the sandstone, and 2– 8.9 for the coal leachates. Variations in the pH values are attributed to regional phenomena controlled by the mineralogical and hydrological environments. Furthermore, the variation in pH is ascribed to the presence of acid forming pyrite and acid neutralizing carbonate minerals that are highly reactive in the mining environment. Elements Na, Ca, Mg and K occur in non-compliant concentrations in both coal and non-coal leachates indicating their abundance in all of the lithologies. Na enrichment in the lithologies is associated with albite, clay minerals and Al-Ksulphate coatings. Elements Fe, Al, Cd and Pb are easily leached from the lithologies. According to the equilibrium model, gibbsite, cuprite, diaspore and boehmite are the supersaturated minerals in the lithologies. Influencing factors such as the mineralogical composition of rocks are reflected in the wide variation of pH, TDS, EC and the ion concentrations of the studied water samples. The pH of the studied areas is neutral to alkaline. High levels of TDS and EC are observed in the Brandspruit Colliery, which is due to dissolution of soluble salts from the rock sequence that the water passes through. The anion chemistry shows the dominance of SO4 2- in the surface and groundwater of Brandspruit, Vaalkrantz and Elitheni Collieries, whereas HCO3 - dominates in the Arnot Colliery. SO4 2- is ascribed to the oxidative weathering of pyrites. Cldominates in groundwater from the Arnot Colliery and the Waterberg Coalfield. The cation chemistry is dominated by Na+ in the surface and groundwater of the Brandspruit, Vaalkrantz and Elitheni Collieries. Mg2+ dominates in groundwater from the Arnot Colliery, while K+ dominates in the Waterberg Coalfield. Fe is highly enriched in water from the Brandspruit Colliery, and is linked to the oxidation of pyrite. Carbonates are the supersaturated minerals in the Sub-Basins whilst sulphates are supersaturated in the Main Karoo Basin. The research shows that variations in regional mineral distribution is a result of a palaeo-deposition environment that was of marine nature for the coal sequence in the Main Karoo Basin and of fresh water for the coal sequence in Sub-Basins. A direct link therefore exists between depositional environments, mineral assemblages and whole rock geochemistry. It can be concluded that AMD is directly linked to pyrite and other sulphides, the coal mines located in the Main Karoo Basin have the possibility to deteriorate surface- and ground-water quality and to generate AMD during the mining processes; coal miners need to seriously consider applying environmental protection measures when mining coal in the Main Karoo Basin. Whereas, coal mining in the Sub-Basins has low possibility of generating AMD and pollution. , Thesis (PhD) (Geology) -- University of Fort Hare, 2015
- Full Text:
Assessing public administration implications of the use and disposal of agro-chemicals in A2 farms in Zimbabwe : a case study of Chirumhanzu District
- Authors: Matunhu, Viola
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Agricultural chemicals , Hazardous waste treatment facilities , Pesticide waste
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26481 , vital:65471
- Description: This study is concerned with use and disposal of agro-chemical in A2 farms in Zimbabwe with specific reference to Chirumhanzu District. The study is located in the field of public administration. A transformational mixed research design was employed in the collection, analysis and interpretation of the field data. The study involved farm employees in 21 A2 farms that use agro-chemicals to enhance farm productivity. Non probability sampling techniques were employed to select the participating farms. Interviews, questionnaires, literature search, and observation where the main data collection instruments. A total of 150 purposively selected employees drawn from 21 participating farms participated in the study. The findings of this empirical study, which uses the terms I, the researcher, and the study interchangeably, were that there is poor use and management of agro-chemicals in the area. Most farm employees do not adhere to instructions on use and disposal of the chemicals and there is a weak monitoring and evaluation of the use and disposal of agro-chemicals on the farms. Yet, most of these chemicals are carcinogens. Farm employees need to be trained on personal and public health implications of poor management of agro-chemicals. Labels on containers that store chemicals need to be written in both English and vernacular, which is not the case in the district. Labels on most of the chemicals on the farms studied are written in English and technical terms are used. Although, most of the employees on the farms are literate, they find it difficult to understand the jargon on labels. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2015
- Full Text:
- Authors: Matunhu, Viola
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Agricultural chemicals , Hazardous waste treatment facilities , Pesticide waste
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26481 , vital:65471
- Description: This study is concerned with use and disposal of agro-chemical in A2 farms in Zimbabwe with specific reference to Chirumhanzu District. The study is located in the field of public administration. A transformational mixed research design was employed in the collection, analysis and interpretation of the field data. The study involved farm employees in 21 A2 farms that use agro-chemicals to enhance farm productivity. Non probability sampling techniques were employed to select the participating farms. Interviews, questionnaires, literature search, and observation where the main data collection instruments. A total of 150 purposively selected employees drawn from 21 participating farms participated in the study. The findings of this empirical study, which uses the terms I, the researcher, and the study interchangeably, were that there is poor use and management of agro-chemicals in the area. Most farm employees do not adhere to instructions on use and disposal of the chemicals and there is a weak monitoring and evaluation of the use and disposal of agro-chemicals on the farms. Yet, most of these chemicals are carcinogens. Farm employees need to be trained on personal and public health implications of poor management of agro-chemicals. Labels on containers that store chemicals need to be written in both English and vernacular, which is not the case in the district. Labels on most of the chemicals on the farms studied are written in English and technical terms are used. Although, most of the employees on the farms are literate, they find it difficult to understand the jargon on labels. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2015
- Full Text:
Detriments associated with substance abuse among out - of - school youth in Ntselamanzi, village, Alice Town
- Authors: Chatikobo, Nyasha
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Substance abuse--South Africa--Eastern Cape , Drug abuse--South Africa--Eastern Cape , Youth--Substance use--South Africa--Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19442 , vital:43087
- Description: The main aim of the study was to investigate the detriments associated with substance abuse among the out- of- school youth of Ntselamanzi Village in Alice. This study intended to achieve the following objectives. (i) to establish the causes of increased indulgence in substance abuse in Ntselamanzi village, Eastern Cape. (ii) to identify the various kinds of drugs abused by the society of Ntselamanzi (iii) to identify the consequences of substance abuse to the lives of the out-of-school youth. (iv) to suggest the strategies that can be used to reduce substance abuse in order to enhance the youth‟s socio-economic growth and societal bliss. Using the quantitative method ninety-eight questionnaires were administered to the out-of-school youth in Ntselamanzi village and eighty questionnaires were returned fully answered. The major findings of the study outlined that dominating factors of substance abuse in Ntselamanzi village were family drug use, increased drug accessibility, lack of recreation and peer influence. As a result drug abuse among the out of school youth has indicated that the youth end up dropping out of school, unemployed, facing health complications and committing anti-social activities in the village which causing family conflicts and rifts in the community. These all affected the out-of-school youths‟ well-being, academic future and their quality of life was lowered due to all related issues with drug abuse. It can be concluded that drug use among rural outof-school youth is detrimental to the out-of-school youths, their families destroyed and their community crippled from the anti-social activities that take place. The future of the youths‟ education is hampered; the quality of persons in the community and families is lowered. Having unproductive out-of-school youth as a result of drug abuse is not good for the development of the village and all the persons therein. , Thesis (M Soc Sc) (Social Work) -- University of Fort Hare, 2015
- Full Text:
- Authors: Chatikobo, Nyasha
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Substance abuse--South Africa--Eastern Cape , Drug abuse--South Africa--Eastern Cape , Youth--Substance use--South Africa--Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19442 , vital:43087
- Description: The main aim of the study was to investigate the detriments associated with substance abuse among the out- of- school youth of Ntselamanzi Village in Alice. This study intended to achieve the following objectives. (i) to establish the causes of increased indulgence in substance abuse in Ntselamanzi village, Eastern Cape. (ii) to identify the various kinds of drugs abused by the society of Ntselamanzi (iii) to identify the consequences of substance abuse to the lives of the out-of-school youth. (iv) to suggest the strategies that can be used to reduce substance abuse in order to enhance the youth‟s socio-economic growth and societal bliss. Using the quantitative method ninety-eight questionnaires were administered to the out-of-school youth in Ntselamanzi village and eighty questionnaires were returned fully answered. The major findings of the study outlined that dominating factors of substance abuse in Ntselamanzi village were family drug use, increased drug accessibility, lack of recreation and peer influence. As a result drug abuse among the out of school youth has indicated that the youth end up dropping out of school, unemployed, facing health complications and committing anti-social activities in the village which causing family conflicts and rifts in the community. These all affected the out-of-school youths‟ well-being, academic future and their quality of life was lowered due to all related issues with drug abuse. It can be concluded that drug use among rural outof-school youth is detrimental to the out-of-school youths, their families destroyed and their community crippled from the anti-social activities that take place. The future of the youths‟ education is hampered; the quality of persons in the community and families is lowered. Having unproductive out-of-school youth as a result of drug abuse is not good for the development of the village and all the persons therein. , Thesis (M Soc Sc) (Social Work) -- University of Fort Hare, 2015
- Full Text:
Educators and learners perceptions on english first additional language speakers use of english as medium of instruction
- Authors: Nqoma, Lungiswa
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: English language -- Study and teaching , English language
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24934 , vital:63678
- Description: This study investigates Educators‟ and learners‟ perceptions on English first additional language speakers‟ use of English as medium of instruction in two primary schools in the East London District. The study made use of a qualitative research method which includes interviews, observation and document analysis (learners‟ books). The uncovered data is analyzed against the background of the socio-economic and historical factors that led to this medium of instruction using content analysis (CA). After the apartheid regime in 1994 and the formation of a new government in 1996, the South African Constitution declared 11 languages in an attempt to encourage multilingualism in the country with each province having its provincial language policy. In the Eastern Cape where the study is conducted the language policy recognizes Xhosa, English, and Afrikaans as the official languages with English as the medium of instruction especially at the intermediate phase. The theoretical and conceptual framework for the study is provided by studies on language policy and planning, English as an international language, and Language as a mediating tool. The findings of the study indicate the crucial role that language of instruction plays in teaching and learning. However, challenges arise when the language of instruction is not the mother tongue. The study indicates dissatisfaction in the use of EMOI as a result of inadequate proficiency in the language of instruction, school environment, lack of resources; and lack of parental support. As a result of the above, some educators resorted to code switching when teaching. Hence, the study sheds light on EFAL learner‟s perspective on both comprehension and the level of educator‟s English skills and whether there is a connection between these two aspects. This resulted to conceivable methods that could be used to improve learner performance, teaching and learning methods and the efficiency of East London District support system. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, 2015
- Full Text:
- Authors: Nqoma, Lungiswa
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: English language -- Study and teaching , English language
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24934 , vital:63678
- Description: This study investigates Educators‟ and learners‟ perceptions on English first additional language speakers‟ use of English as medium of instruction in two primary schools in the East London District. The study made use of a qualitative research method which includes interviews, observation and document analysis (learners‟ books). The uncovered data is analyzed against the background of the socio-economic and historical factors that led to this medium of instruction using content analysis (CA). After the apartheid regime in 1994 and the formation of a new government in 1996, the South African Constitution declared 11 languages in an attempt to encourage multilingualism in the country with each province having its provincial language policy. In the Eastern Cape where the study is conducted the language policy recognizes Xhosa, English, and Afrikaans as the official languages with English as the medium of instruction especially at the intermediate phase. The theoretical and conceptual framework for the study is provided by studies on language policy and planning, English as an international language, and Language as a mediating tool. The findings of the study indicate the crucial role that language of instruction plays in teaching and learning. However, challenges arise when the language of instruction is not the mother tongue. The study indicates dissatisfaction in the use of EMOI as a result of inadequate proficiency in the language of instruction, school environment, lack of resources; and lack of parental support. As a result of the above, some educators resorted to code switching when teaching. Hence, the study sheds light on EFAL learner‟s perspective on both comprehension and the level of educator‟s English skills and whether there is a connection between these two aspects. This resulted to conceivable methods that could be used to improve learner performance, teaching and learning methods and the efficiency of East London District support system. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, 2015
- Full Text:
Evaluation of knowledge and practices of nurses with regard to prevention of nosocomial infection in the intensive care units of Eastern Cape Province
- Mlenzana, Nosiphiwo Priscilla
- Authors: Mlenzana, Nosiphiwo Priscilla
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Nosocomial infections http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85092770 , Cross infection--Prevention http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2009122612 , Infection http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85066076
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19639 , vital:43154
- Description: Aim: To determine the level of knowledge and practice of the nurses in the prevention and control of nosocomial infection in the intensive care units and make recommendations aiming at bridging the gap identified. In this study, the level of knowledge and practice of nurses in the intensive care units was described and its relationship with the demographic characteristics was examined utilising a quantitative approach. A quantitative descriptive design was used to examine and describe knowledge and practices of intensive care nurses with regards to prevention and control of nosocomial infection. One hundred and thirty (130) nurses participated in the study taken from the intensive care units of the five (5) state hospitals of the Eastern Cape Province. A self-designed questionnaire with close-ended questions was utilised comprising of dichotomous questions, with ‘yes’ or ‘no’ measuring knowledge nurses have and a Likert scale that measured knowledge with regards to clinical practice utilised in the prevention and control of nosocomial infections. The following ethical considerations were addressed by the study: ethical clearance, permission to conduct the study, informed consent from participants, anonymity and confidentiality and respect of individual autonomy. Findings: The respondents showed encouraging agreement with the different practices that should be followed in order to prevent spreading of nosocomial infections in their units. This knowledge suggests that the problem of infection control in ICUs may be related to the individual characteristics of the profession as opposed to being institutional. Limitations: Not all the intensive care units of the Eastern Cape hospitals were included due to challenges of time, finance and geographic factors. Recommendations: The following recommendations were made: Orientation programme to all new staff coming into the ICUs including infection control policies and guidelines; Involvement of the ICU staff in the development of infection control policies so as to ensure ownership and ultimate compliance; The employer must ensure that all resources for infection control and prevention are available and accessible to the health care workers at all times to ensure compliance. , Thesis (MCur) -- University of Fort Hare, 2015
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mlenzana, Nosiphiwo Priscilla
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Nosocomial infections http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85092770 , Cross infection--Prevention http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2009122612 , Infection http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85066076
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19639 , vital:43154
- Description: Aim: To determine the level of knowledge and practice of the nurses in the prevention and control of nosocomial infection in the intensive care units and make recommendations aiming at bridging the gap identified. In this study, the level of knowledge and practice of nurses in the intensive care units was described and its relationship with the demographic characteristics was examined utilising a quantitative approach. A quantitative descriptive design was used to examine and describe knowledge and practices of intensive care nurses with regards to prevention and control of nosocomial infection. One hundred and thirty (130) nurses participated in the study taken from the intensive care units of the five (5) state hospitals of the Eastern Cape Province. A self-designed questionnaire with close-ended questions was utilised comprising of dichotomous questions, with ‘yes’ or ‘no’ measuring knowledge nurses have and a Likert scale that measured knowledge with regards to clinical practice utilised in the prevention and control of nosocomial infections. The following ethical considerations were addressed by the study: ethical clearance, permission to conduct the study, informed consent from participants, anonymity and confidentiality and respect of individual autonomy. Findings: The respondents showed encouraging agreement with the different practices that should be followed in order to prevent spreading of nosocomial infections in their units. This knowledge suggests that the problem of infection control in ICUs may be related to the individual characteristics of the profession as opposed to being institutional. Limitations: Not all the intensive care units of the Eastern Cape hospitals were included due to challenges of time, finance and geographic factors. Recommendations: The following recommendations were made: Orientation programme to all new staff coming into the ICUs including infection control policies and guidelines; Involvement of the ICU staff in the development of infection control policies so as to ensure ownership and ultimate compliance; The employer must ensure that all resources for infection control and prevention are available and accessible to the health care workers at all times to ensure compliance. , Thesis (MCur) -- University of Fort Hare, 2015
- Full Text:
Evaluation of selected non- governmental organizations (NGOs) in the provision of health , education & housing services in South Africa the study of Alice township Eastern cape province
- Kajiita, Robert Mutemi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2829-4824
- Authors: Kajiita, Robert Mutemi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2829-4824
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Non-governmental organizations http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh86007360 , Sustainable development--South Africa http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2010115191
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19567 , vital:43144
- Description: The dynamism of human needs and the inability of the state and governments to guarantee a satisfactory access to, as well as consumption of private and public goods and services have prompted an up-sprung of alternative institutions such as the Non-Governmental Organizations. This study sought to evaluate selected NGOs in provision of health, education and housing services in Alice Township of the Eastern Cape Province. The study had the following specific objectives: to evaluate the role of selected NGOs in Alice in the provision of health, education and housing services; to examine the successes and possible gaps of selected NGOs in provision of aforementioned services; to examine the relationship between the NGOs and the government in provision of above mentioned services; and finally to establish the strategies that can be adopted to enhance NGOs’ capabilities in services delivery. To achieve these objectives, the study utilized mixed methods research approach, with an explorative and a mini-survey design. Non-probability sampling methodology was used and specifically purposive sampling was used to get a sample of 115 research participants and respondents. Data collection was cross- sectional and was facilitated by the use of in-depth interviews using semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. Data was analysed using both qualitative and quantitative approaches, and the results were triangulated to answer the research problem. The study was premised on the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model of service delivery, and diverse literature was sought to strengthen the findings. The study revealed that: the females were more active in welfare sector than men; the concept NGO posed a conceptual challenge to the research participants; high level of unemployment and low level of tertiary literacy among study participants was reported. Furthermore, NGOs in Alice provided health based services which included creating awareness, control and treatment of communicable and non-communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, diabetes, psychological and palliative care, counselling and old age care services. Educationally, early childhood development services took the lion’s share. This is evidenced by an array of day care centres in Alice. Regrettably, there were no housing services offered by NGOs in the area. The findings also revealed diametrically opposed debates on successes of NGOs in Alice, with some not seeing the success while others indicated some successful milestones. Notably, the NGOs in Alice suffered a paucity of resources which included: lack of funds, unskilled and inadequate staff, infrastructural and technological challenges, lack of transport facilities among others. The study also indicated a sour relationship between the government and the NGOs. Despite this, the NGOs were reported to adhere largely to the policy guidelines postulated by the government. Moreover, the government was the major funder of the most NGOs in the area of study. The findings revealed that fundraising skills were needed to bolster the NGOs financial muscle towards the achievement of project implementation. The state of infrastructure also needed to be addressed as well as scaling up the NGOs services to reach to a greater section of the society, Partnerships, collaborations and networking for NGOs would enable NGOs services delivery. The study also recommended: inclusivity in the welfare sector, establishment of vibrant housing NGOs in Alice, empowerment approaches to service provisioning, proper visibility of the NGOs in the community, systematic and regular promotion of training among the NGOs’ staff, sound and up to date harmonised policies, mutually designed partnerships, collaborations and networks, flexibility of donor funding approaches, intensive and extensive government support to NGOs, periodic scientific inquiry on NGOs operations and finally recommendation is made for further research in the area under the study. Conclusively, it is critical that NGOs in Alice are doing their best compared to their resource base and therefore, the government should study the environment of the NGOs in the area with the hope of coming up with plausible and pragmatic ways of bolstering their operations. , Thesis (M Soc Sc)(Social work) -- University of Fort Hare, 2015
- Full Text:
- Authors: Kajiita, Robert Mutemi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2829-4824
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Non-governmental organizations http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh86007360 , Sustainable development--South Africa http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2010115191
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19567 , vital:43144
- Description: The dynamism of human needs and the inability of the state and governments to guarantee a satisfactory access to, as well as consumption of private and public goods and services have prompted an up-sprung of alternative institutions such as the Non-Governmental Organizations. This study sought to evaluate selected NGOs in provision of health, education and housing services in Alice Township of the Eastern Cape Province. The study had the following specific objectives: to evaluate the role of selected NGOs in Alice in the provision of health, education and housing services; to examine the successes and possible gaps of selected NGOs in provision of aforementioned services; to examine the relationship between the NGOs and the government in provision of above mentioned services; and finally to establish the strategies that can be adopted to enhance NGOs’ capabilities in services delivery. To achieve these objectives, the study utilized mixed methods research approach, with an explorative and a mini-survey design. Non-probability sampling methodology was used and specifically purposive sampling was used to get a sample of 115 research participants and respondents. Data collection was cross- sectional and was facilitated by the use of in-depth interviews using semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. Data was analysed using both qualitative and quantitative approaches, and the results were triangulated to answer the research problem. The study was premised on the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model of service delivery, and diverse literature was sought to strengthen the findings. The study revealed that: the females were more active in welfare sector than men; the concept NGO posed a conceptual challenge to the research participants; high level of unemployment and low level of tertiary literacy among study participants was reported. Furthermore, NGOs in Alice provided health based services which included creating awareness, control and treatment of communicable and non-communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, diabetes, psychological and palliative care, counselling and old age care services. Educationally, early childhood development services took the lion’s share. This is evidenced by an array of day care centres in Alice. Regrettably, there were no housing services offered by NGOs in the area. The findings also revealed diametrically opposed debates on successes of NGOs in Alice, with some not seeing the success while others indicated some successful milestones. Notably, the NGOs in Alice suffered a paucity of resources which included: lack of funds, unskilled and inadequate staff, infrastructural and technological challenges, lack of transport facilities among others. The study also indicated a sour relationship between the government and the NGOs. Despite this, the NGOs were reported to adhere largely to the policy guidelines postulated by the government. Moreover, the government was the major funder of the most NGOs in the area of study. The findings revealed that fundraising skills were needed to bolster the NGOs financial muscle towards the achievement of project implementation. The state of infrastructure also needed to be addressed as well as scaling up the NGOs services to reach to a greater section of the society, Partnerships, collaborations and networking for NGOs would enable NGOs services delivery. The study also recommended: inclusivity in the welfare sector, establishment of vibrant housing NGOs in Alice, empowerment approaches to service provisioning, proper visibility of the NGOs in the community, systematic and regular promotion of training among the NGOs’ staff, sound and up to date harmonised policies, mutually designed partnerships, collaborations and networks, flexibility of donor funding approaches, intensive and extensive government support to NGOs, periodic scientific inquiry on NGOs operations and finally recommendation is made for further research in the area under the study. Conclusively, it is critical that NGOs in Alice are doing their best compared to their resource base and therefore, the government should study the environment of the NGOs in the area with the hope of coming up with plausible and pragmatic ways of bolstering their operations. , Thesis (M Soc Sc)(Social work) -- University of Fort Hare, 2015
- Full Text:
Managing the procurement of learner teacher support material (LTSM) in the Eastern Cape Department of Education
- Gobe, Mziwamadoda Chumasande
- Authors: Gobe, Mziwamadoda Chumasande
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Government purchasing , Industrial procurement -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24846 , vital:63616
- Description: The use of learner teacher support material (LTSM) was introduced with the aim of improve the education quality in South Africa. However, the procurement of the learner teacher support material has had several challenges. The study therefore was aimed at assessing the management of the procurement of LTSM in the Eastern Cape which is done by the Eastern Cape Department of Education. The aims of the study therefore were, to provide a full description of the current supply chain management practices of the ECDOE, examine the strengths and weaknesses of the current procurement management model in the acquisition of LTSM and investigate alternative selection, delivery and management models. To attain these aims data was collected using both the quantitative and qualitative methods. The use of the two methods helped to establish a balance in collecting data as the research sought to use both quantitative and qualitative data. The research used a case study design.The research instruments that were used to collected data were questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The data for the study was provided by school principals, district officials and ECDoE officials. These were the best participants for the study as they have information on the current procurement system. The data was analysed in themes. The data was presented and discussed in relation to other studies that have been conducted on similar topics. The study found that the current procurement system is flawed due to several reasons like lack of clarity on roles and responsibilities, training and other factors discussed in the study. The study also found that there are inherent strengths and weaknesses in the current procurement model. The study found that the weaknesses can be addressed. The study also found that improvements and alternatives are possible for procurement. The study suggested several recommendations. Some of the recommendations include training the current staff involved in the supply chain management of the procurement system. The other being clarifying the roles and responsibilities of the stakeholders involved in the procurement process. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce. 2015
- Full Text:
- Authors: Gobe, Mziwamadoda Chumasande
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Government purchasing , Industrial procurement -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24846 , vital:63616
- Description: The use of learner teacher support material (LTSM) was introduced with the aim of improve the education quality in South Africa. However, the procurement of the learner teacher support material has had several challenges. The study therefore was aimed at assessing the management of the procurement of LTSM in the Eastern Cape which is done by the Eastern Cape Department of Education. The aims of the study therefore were, to provide a full description of the current supply chain management practices of the ECDOE, examine the strengths and weaknesses of the current procurement management model in the acquisition of LTSM and investigate alternative selection, delivery and management models. To attain these aims data was collected using both the quantitative and qualitative methods. The use of the two methods helped to establish a balance in collecting data as the research sought to use both quantitative and qualitative data. The research used a case study design.The research instruments that were used to collected data were questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The data for the study was provided by school principals, district officials and ECDoE officials. These were the best participants for the study as they have information on the current procurement system. The data was analysed in themes. The data was presented and discussed in relation to other studies that have been conducted on similar topics. The study found that the current procurement system is flawed due to several reasons like lack of clarity on roles and responsibilities, training and other factors discussed in the study. The study also found that there are inherent strengths and weaknesses in the current procurement model. The study found that the weaknesses can be addressed. The study also found that improvements and alternatives are possible for procurement. The study suggested several recommendations. Some of the recommendations include training the current staff involved in the supply chain management of the procurement system. The other being clarifying the roles and responsibilities of the stakeholders involved in the procurement process. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce. 2015
- Full Text:
Study of the biotransformations and microbiological properties of cymbopogon citratus
- Ajayi, Emmanuel Olusegun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0838-4948
- Authors: Ajayi, Emmanuel Olusegun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0838-4948
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Lemongras , Essences and essential oils
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19737 , vital:43197
- Description: Variations in the essential oil yield, chemical composition and kinetics of chemical transformation, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties of the Cymbopogon citratus cultivated in Alice, Eastern Cape of South Africa, over a period of 12 months using the solvent-free microwave extraction and the modified forms of conventional hydrodistillation methods have been evaluated. The modified forms involve variation in the pH medium to effect extraction and to obtain the whole leaf extracts of Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass). The GC-MS analyses of the essential oils revealed the presence of 10, 11, 13, and 9 principal compounds in the microwave, extraction, hydrodistillation (water-distilled), hydrodistillation (aciddistilled and hydrodistillation (base-distilled), respectively with citral being the prominent compound in all the various extraction methods, with the water-distilled method having the highest cumulative citral content under the period specified. Each of the components of the oils varied in quantity and quality of yield at different points of the year. Different extraction methods produce different compounds. Increase in the amount of citral content was observed during the maturation stage of Cymbopogon citratus in all the extraction methods. Quantitative evaluation of antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined on the oils and extracts of Cymbopogon citratus using agar dilution method. The essential oils obtained using all the methods of extraction showed activity against all the tested bacteria at a concentration of 10 mg mL-1. The minimum inhibitory concentrations for the acid-distilled varied between 1.25 and 5.0 mg mL-1, while those obtained by both water- and base-distilled showed equal activity on the microorganisms with the MIC ranging between 2.5 and 10 mg mL-1. The microwave extraction showed the least activity with the MIC of 10 mg mL-1. This however suggested that the oils obtained through acid-distillation showed the greatest activity than all other methods of extraction. Activity of the various extracts on bacteria showed that the ethanol extract had the highest activity on the tested organisms with MIC ranging between 0.625 and 1.25 mg mL-1. This was closely followed by the acid-extract (1.25 and 5.0 mg mL-1), methanol extract (1.25 and 10 mg mL-1), acetone extract (2.5 and 5.0 mg mL-1), and base extract (5.0 mg mL-1). Both cold water and hot water extracts showed the least activity of MIC, >10 mg mL-1. The antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activity of the obtained oils and extracts were tested by means of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH+) assay, [(2,2ˊ-azino bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] (ABTS), nitric oxide and ferric reducing power assays. The oils and extracts showed DPPH radical scavenging ability, but not as high as the standard drugs. The base extract showed a higher reducing power than the standard drug, rutin. There were significant differences in the phytochemicals contents of the various leaf extracts. The acetone extract has the highest flavonol, proanthocyanidin, and alkaloid contents. The ethanol extract showed the highest amount of phenolic content with the acid extract, having the least. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and column chromatography was employed to obtain different fractions of extracts using four eluent solvent systems of varying polarities: toluene, petroleum ether, hexane and ethyl acetate and sprayed with anisaldehyde. A single, visible spot of B-fraction was developed, collected and analyzed as 1-methyl-2,4,5- trinitroimidazole with renown valuable properties. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2015
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ajayi, Emmanuel Olusegun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0838-4948
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Lemongras , Essences and essential oils
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19737 , vital:43197
- Description: Variations in the essential oil yield, chemical composition and kinetics of chemical transformation, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties of the Cymbopogon citratus cultivated in Alice, Eastern Cape of South Africa, over a period of 12 months using the solvent-free microwave extraction and the modified forms of conventional hydrodistillation methods have been evaluated. The modified forms involve variation in the pH medium to effect extraction and to obtain the whole leaf extracts of Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass). The GC-MS analyses of the essential oils revealed the presence of 10, 11, 13, and 9 principal compounds in the microwave, extraction, hydrodistillation (water-distilled), hydrodistillation (aciddistilled and hydrodistillation (base-distilled), respectively with citral being the prominent compound in all the various extraction methods, with the water-distilled method having the highest cumulative citral content under the period specified. Each of the components of the oils varied in quantity and quality of yield at different points of the year. Different extraction methods produce different compounds. Increase in the amount of citral content was observed during the maturation stage of Cymbopogon citratus in all the extraction methods. Quantitative evaluation of antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined on the oils and extracts of Cymbopogon citratus using agar dilution method. The essential oils obtained using all the methods of extraction showed activity against all the tested bacteria at a concentration of 10 mg mL-1. The minimum inhibitory concentrations for the acid-distilled varied between 1.25 and 5.0 mg mL-1, while those obtained by both water- and base-distilled showed equal activity on the microorganisms with the MIC ranging between 2.5 and 10 mg mL-1. The microwave extraction showed the least activity with the MIC of 10 mg mL-1. This however suggested that the oils obtained through acid-distillation showed the greatest activity than all other methods of extraction. Activity of the various extracts on bacteria showed that the ethanol extract had the highest activity on the tested organisms with MIC ranging between 0.625 and 1.25 mg mL-1. This was closely followed by the acid-extract (1.25 and 5.0 mg mL-1), methanol extract (1.25 and 10 mg mL-1), acetone extract (2.5 and 5.0 mg mL-1), and base extract (5.0 mg mL-1). Both cold water and hot water extracts showed the least activity of MIC, >10 mg mL-1. The antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activity of the obtained oils and extracts were tested by means of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH+) assay, [(2,2ˊ-azino bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] (ABTS), nitric oxide and ferric reducing power assays. The oils and extracts showed DPPH radical scavenging ability, but not as high as the standard drugs. The base extract showed a higher reducing power than the standard drug, rutin. There were significant differences in the phytochemicals contents of the various leaf extracts. The acetone extract has the highest flavonol, proanthocyanidin, and alkaloid contents. The ethanol extract showed the highest amount of phenolic content with the acid extract, having the least. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and column chromatography was employed to obtain different fractions of extracts using four eluent solvent systems of varying polarities: toluene, petroleum ether, hexane and ethyl acetate and sprayed with anisaldehyde. A single, visible spot of B-fraction was developed, collected and analyzed as 1-methyl-2,4,5- trinitroimidazole with renown valuable properties. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2015
- Full Text:
The impact of globalization on economic growth in South Africa
- Authors: Maronga, Vimbai Linah
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Economic development -- South Africa , International economic integration , International trade
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25861 , vital:64552
- Description: The dissertation investigated the impact of globalization on the economic growth of South Africa using annual South African data covering the period 1975 to 2011. The study used Johansen cointegration and vector error correction model to determine the impact of globalization on economic growth in South Africa. The VECM model with South African variables was specified and used to assess the effects of globalization on South Africa’s economic growth. Results of the study suggested that the South African economic growth was negatively impacted by globalization in the long run. Using the results conclusions and policy recommendations were made using these results. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2015
- Full Text:
- Authors: Maronga, Vimbai Linah
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Economic development -- South Africa , International economic integration , International trade
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25861 , vital:64552
- Description: The dissertation investigated the impact of globalization on the economic growth of South Africa using annual South African data covering the period 1975 to 2011. The study used Johansen cointegration and vector error correction model to determine the impact of globalization on economic growth in South Africa. The VECM model with South African variables was specified and used to assess the effects of globalization on South Africa’s economic growth. Results of the study suggested that the South African economic growth was negatively impacted by globalization in the long run. Using the results conclusions and policy recommendations were made using these results. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2015
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The impact of unguided animal husbandry on the peripheral and landscape elements: the case of Alice
- Chungag, Anye https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2308-9410
- Authors: Chungag, Anye https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2308-9410
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Livestock , Animal culture , Animal culture -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19511 , vital:43134
- Description: This study is based on Unguided Animal Husbandry as practiced in the town of Alice and its surrounding locations. It underscores the fact that though cattle are domesticated animals, they are still migratory in character. Their migratory tendency is prompted by the need of food and water and sometimes convenient rest positions. The search for food, water and rest may lead cattle to travel for many kilometres away from enclosure. This movement allows them to establish eating and drinking preferences and locations which become habitual, hence tracks develop along these paths which greatly compromise the soil, water and vegetation quality of the landscape. This study identifies such tracks and investigates the impact of cattle movement on soil physical properties and vegetation characteristics. However all this is against the back drop of the open access land regime; a mode of exploiting common property to which all have equal rights. It is a system of land management that comes with inherent challenges. Amongst them a selfish inclination of taking decisions that is motivated by egoistic interests and utmost personal gain. Secondly no thought is given to management and sustainability, subjecting common property to Haddins (1968) philosophy ‘The tragedy of the commons’. The results of the study show that when cattle is left to free range in common property they establish feeding, drinking and rest habits that have greater negative consequences on ecosystem elements of soil, vegetation and water than the positive effects they bring. The open access regime under which this farming system operates is appraised and recommendations proposed for its amelioration. , Thesis (MPhil) (Environmental Studies) -- University of Fort Hare, 2015
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- Authors: Chungag, Anye https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2308-9410
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Livestock , Animal culture , Animal culture -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19511 , vital:43134
- Description: This study is based on Unguided Animal Husbandry as practiced in the town of Alice and its surrounding locations. It underscores the fact that though cattle are domesticated animals, they are still migratory in character. Their migratory tendency is prompted by the need of food and water and sometimes convenient rest positions. The search for food, water and rest may lead cattle to travel for many kilometres away from enclosure. This movement allows them to establish eating and drinking preferences and locations which become habitual, hence tracks develop along these paths which greatly compromise the soil, water and vegetation quality of the landscape. This study identifies such tracks and investigates the impact of cattle movement on soil physical properties and vegetation characteristics. However all this is against the back drop of the open access land regime; a mode of exploiting common property to which all have equal rights. It is a system of land management that comes with inherent challenges. Amongst them a selfish inclination of taking decisions that is motivated by egoistic interests and utmost personal gain. Secondly no thought is given to management and sustainability, subjecting common property to Haddins (1968) philosophy ‘The tragedy of the commons’. The results of the study show that when cattle is left to free range in common property they establish feeding, drinking and rest habits that have greater negative consequences on ecosystem elements of soil, vegetation and water than the positive effects they bring. The open access regime under which this farming system operates is appraised and recommendations proposed for its amelioration. , Thesis (MPhil) (Environmental Studies) -- University of Fort Hare, 2015
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Unravelling the myths about unplanned pregnancy among female students at University of Fort Hare East London Campus, South Africa
- Authors: Chukwunyere , Amadi P
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Unwanted pregnancy , Women college students , College students
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25415 , vital:64237
- Description: This research study examined: 1. the attitudes and perceptions of female university students towards unplanned pregnancies, their (pregnancies’) associated influences and their social economic consequences on the participants and their family. 2. The level of knowledge, the sources thereof, and the girls’ attitudes and perceptions toward contraception, abortion and their actual use as possible barriers in the prevention of unplanned pregnancies. 3. The possible interventions in curbing the phenomenon of unplanned pregnancies. Data for the study was gathered through in-depth-interviews with ten female undergraduate students at the University of Fort Hare in East London campus, who had the experience of unplanned pregnancy while studying. Selection of participants was done through snowball sampling. A number of factors responsible for the unplanned pregnancy are revealed, including: Inadequate and inconsistent use of contraceptives, ignorance about contraception or rejection of contraceptive use due to religious beliefs. Influential factors regarding unplanned child bearing include: The role of the mother and the boyfriend, traditional and religious beliefs, and the desire for child bearing and motherhood. Although the majority of the girls are knowledgeable about contraception, and their right to abortion, a number of barriers hinder them from putting this knowledge into practical use. Some of the most highlighted consequences of unplanned/unwanted pregnancy are the financial burden on the family and loss of study time. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2015
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- Authors: Chukwunyere , Amadi P
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Unwanted pregnancy , Women college students , College students
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25415 , vital:64237
- Description: This research study examined: 1. the attitudes and perceptions of female university students towards unplanned pregnancies, their (pregnancies’) associated influences and their social economic consequences on the participants and their family. 2. The level of knowledge, the sources thereof, and the girls’ attitudes and perceptions toward contraception, abortion and their actual use as possible barriers in the prevention of unplanned pregnancies. 3. The possible interventions in curbing the phenomenon of unplanned pregnancies. Data for the study was gathered through in-depth-interviews with ten female undergraduate students at the University of Fort Hare in East London campus, who had the experience of unplanned pregnancy while studying. Selection of participants was done through snowball sampling. A number of factors responsible for the unplanned pregnancy are revealed, including: Inadequate and inconsistent use of contraceptives, ignorance about contraception or rejection of contraceptive use due to religious beliefs. Influential factors regarding unplanned child bearing include: The role of the mother and the boyfriend, traditional and religious beliefs, and the desire for child bearing and motherhood. Although the majority of the girls are knowledgeable about contraception, and their right to abortion, a number of barriers hinder them from putting this knowledge into practical use. Some of the most highlighted consequences of unplanned/unwanted pregnancy are the financial burden on the family and loss of study time. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2015
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Using GIS and remote sensing to map suitable sites for wind farms: a case study of Nkonkobe Municipality, Eastern Cape.
- Authors: Gwena, Jay
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Geographic information systems http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh90001880 , Remote sensing http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85112798 , Renewable energy sources http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85112837
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19420 , vital:43082
- Description: Issues relating to energy use, renewable energy introduction and climate change have received a lot of attention from governments throughout the world in the past two decades. Many developing nations like South Africa heavily rely on coal and other non-renewable resources for their production of energy. The processing of the non-renewable resources into secondary energy forms is according to many energy experts a chief contributor to climate change. Climate change is affecting agricultural production in many developing countries that entirely rely on rainfall for their production. The loss in production in South Africa is increasing the level of poverty in low-income earners and unemployed people. Also a lot of households found in rural areas of South Africa have no access to electricity. Electricity in South Africa is generated and distributed by Eskom a state owned company. In April 2008 Eskom failed to meet power demand and started introducing load shedding to maintain and upgrade their power plants. The load shedding stopped for while and was introduced again in 2014 when the power utility faced the challenge of failing to produce power to meet demand again due to problems with their power stations. The ongoing energy provision problems in South Africa can be alleviated by introducing alternative sources like renewable energy. Introduction of renewable energy in poorly developed areas like Nkonkobe Municipality can help households‘ access electricity and reduce load on the national grid. The aim of this study was to locate suitable sites for setting up wind farms in Nkonkobe municipality in South Africa. Wind energy as a resource is abundant in many areas of South Africa and areas to set wind farms for optimum harness of wind power were identified using GIS, remote sensing and multi-criteria decision making techniques. Wind speed, distance from settlements, distance from main roads, distance from national, slope and land use/land cover were chosen as the factors to consider in selecting a suitable site. Data was collected from South Africa Weather Services, University of Fort Hare and online free data sources. Thematic maps for all the factors were developed in ArcGIS and fed into Nkonkobe Municipality database developed for the study. Thematic maps were assigned weights before being overlaid using weighted overlay tool. Weights for the factors were determined using Analytical hierarchy Process‘ pairwise comparison approach. Weighted overlay of the thematic maps produced a map showing suitable areas based on the weight influence of each factor. The output map was compared to results obtained from using Boolean approach and weighted sum method as a way of checking the accuracy of obtained suitable sites. Results showed there are three sites that can be used for setting up wind farms in the study area. , Thesis (MSc) (Applied Remote Sensing and GIS) -- University of Fort Hare, 2015
- Full Text:
- Authors: Gwena, Jay
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Geographic information systems http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh90001880 , Remote sensing http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85112798 , Renewable energy sources http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85112837
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19420 , vital:43082
- Description: Issues relating to energy use, renewable energy introduction and climate change have received a lot of attention from governments throughout the world in the past two decades. Many developing nations like South Africa heavily rely on coal and other non-renewable resources for their production of energy. The processing of the non-renewable resources into secondary energy forms is according to many energy experts a chief contributor to climate change. Climate change is affecting agricultural production in many developing countries that entirely rely on rainfall for their production. The loss in production in South Africa is increasing the level of poverty in low-income earners and unemployed people. Also a lot of households found in rural areas of South Africa have no access to electricity. Electricity in South Africa is generated and distributed by Eskom a state owned company. In April 2008 Eskom failed to meet power demand and started introducing load shedding to maintain and upgrade their power plants. The load shedding stopped for while and was introduced again in 2014 when the power utility faced the challenge of failing to produce power to meet demand again due to problems with their power stations. The ongoing energy provision problems in South Africa can be alleviated by introducing alternative sources like renewable energy. Introduction of renewable energy in poorly developed areas like Nkonkobe Municipality can help households‘ access electricity and reduce load on the national grid. The aim of this study was to locate suitable sites for setting up wind farms in Nkonkobe municipality in South Africa. Wind energy as a resource is abundant in many areas of South Africa and areas to set wind farms for optimum harness of wind power were identified using GIS, remote sensing and multi-criteria decision making techniques. Wind speed, distance from settlements, distance from main roads, distance from national, slope and land use/land cover were chosen as the factors to consider in selecting a suitable site. Data was collected from South Africa Weather Services, University of Fort Hare and online free data sources. Thematic maps for all the factors were developed in ArcGIS and fed into Nkonkobe Municipality database developed for the study. Thematic maps were assigned weights before being overlaid using weighted overlay tool. Weights for the factors were determined using Analytical hierarchy Process‘ pairwise comparison approach. Weighted overlay of the thematic maps produced a map showing suitable areas based on the weight influence of each factor. The output map was compared to results obtained from using Boolean approach and weighted sum method as a way of checking the accuracy of obtained suitable sites. Results showed there are three sites that can be used for setting up wind farms in the study area. , Thesis (MSc) (Applied Remote Sensing and GIS) -- University of Fort Hare, 2015
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