The land restitution programme on Rural Livelihoods in the Amathole District, Eastern Cape: The case of Cata Community land claim.
- Authors: Mnqandi, Nomgqibelo Beauty
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Restitution -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Land tenure -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Land reform -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10453 , vital:35475
- Description: The history of South Africa has been shaped by the dictatorial laws of the apartheid regime which ushered an order of domination and segregation, ostensibly to perpetuate social inequality along racial lines. In the process the white minority intended to stifle the potential of the black communities and render them subservient and unable to question or stand against white domination. To this effect the white minority instituted discriminatory laws such as The Native Land Act of 1913, among others, in a bid to give impetus to the dispossession of black communities of their land. The dispossessed people were eventually forcefully removed from their land and posted to the middle of nowhere, at the so-called Ciskei and Transkei territories. In these homelands, as these states were called, the black South Africans started to feel the pinch of apartheid more. The worst of all, these people were impoverished since they had no jobs. It is only after the emergence of the democratic dispensation, in 1994, that the transformative action was taken even though it failed to deliver as expected. In the process, the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform was established with a mission to transform and redress the evils of the past by either giving the dispossessed back their land, alternative land or financial compensation, among other arrangements. However, since it was difficult to give people back their land, the most popular option became financial compensation. This choice, it has been argued, was influenced by the high levels of poverty, high unemployment rate, low rural household incomes and poor levels of education – instances which may have led to the beneficiaries attaching little or no value towards land ownership and other possible means of land restitution. As such, ii the majority of the community thought that financial compensation would lead to sustainable livelihood and would, therefore, not allow such opportunity to slip off their hands. However, more than two decades after the emergence of the democratic dispensation, the popular financial compensation has not yielded the expected results. Yet there is a Cata community which, being among the first members of the society to successfully claim for land restitution opted for land restoration and financial compensation award was given to claimants to pay for houses that were demolished during the betterment process. Out of the award, the Cata community took a calculated risk and invested 50% of the compensation money towards the development and improving the livelihood of the Cata community. This being the case, the study sought to explore to what extent the restitution programme (with the financial compensation option) could succeed in improving the livelihoods of the Cata community. In a way, while this statement is the main objective of the study, it also satisfies the key question of the study. It will ensure that the Cata community, in their attempt to lead sustainable livelihoods, will become creative and ensure that people have good paying jobs, they budget and rationalise before using money; and that they are even prepared to take calculated risks in order to succeed, just as the Cata communities have done. No doubt this would ensure that every member of the society enjoys and is regaled by the fruits and transformative actions of the new democratic dispensation. Qualitative research methodology has been selected to conduct research of this study because it requires a researcher to dig deep to the research problems and give out rich research findings with insight because community experiences can only be understood qualitatively not through the statistics. The main findings of this study among others are that financial compensation should be linked with iii development in order to sustain livelihoods of the rural poor as the case has been with Cata community. A number of communities who opted financial compensation did not lead a sustainable livelihood instead they either became poorer or fell victims of poverty because they fail to use their financial compensation award wisely.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Mnqandi, Nomgqibelo Beauty
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Restitution -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Land tenure -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Land reform -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10453 , vital:35475
- Description: The history of South Africa has been shaped by the dictatorial laws of the apartheid regime which ushered an order of domination and segregation, ostensibly to perpetuate social inequality along racial lines. In the process the white minority intended to stifle the potential of the black communities and render them subservient and unable to question or stand against white domination. To this effect the white minority instituted discriminatory laws such as The Native Land Act of 1913, among others, in a bid to give impetus to the dispossession of black communities of their land. The dispossessed people were eventually forcefully removed from their land and posted to the middle of nowhere, at the so-called Ciskei and Transkei territories. In these homelands, as these states were called, the black South Africans started to feel the pinch of apartheid more. The worst of all, these people were impoverished since they had no jobs. It is only after the emergence of the democratic dispensation, in 1994, that the transformative action was taken even though it failed to deliver as expected. In the process, the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform was established with a mission to transform and redress the evils of the past by either giving the dispossessed back their land, alternative land or financial compensation, among other arrangements. However, since it was difficult to give people back their land, the most popular option became financial compensation. This choice, it has been argued, was influenced by the high levels of poverty, high unemployment rate, low rural household incomes and poor levels of education – instances which may have led to the beneficiaries attaching little or no value towards land ownership and other possible means of land restitution. As such, ii the majority of the community thought that financial compensation would lead to sustainable livelihood and would, therefore, not allow such opportunity to slip off their hands. However, more than two decades after the emergence of the democratic dispensation, the popular financial compensation has not yielded the expected results. Yet there is a Cata community which, being among the first members of the society to successfully claim for land restitution opted for land restoration and financial compensation award was given to claimants to pay for houses that were demolished during the betterment process. Out of the award, the Cata community took a calculated risk and invested 50% of the compensation money towards the development and improving the livelihood of the Cata community. This being the case, the study sought to explore to what extent the restitution programme (with the financial compensation option) could succeed in improving the livelihoods of the Cata community. In a way, while this statement is the main objective of the study, it also satisfies the key question of the study. It will ensure that the Cata community, in their attempt to lead sustainable livelihoods, will become creative and ensure that people have good paying jobs, they budget and rationalise before using money; and that they are even prepared to take calculated risks in order to succeed, just as the Cata communities have done. No doubt this would ensure that every member of the society enjoys and is regaled by the fruits and transformative actions of the new democratic dispensation. Qualitative research methodology has been selected to conduct research of this study because it requires a researcher to dig deep to the research problems and give out rich research findings with insight because community experiences can only be understood qualitatively not through the statistics. The main findings of this study among others are that financial compensation should be linked with iii development in order to sustain livelihoods of the rural poor as the case has been with Cata community. A number of communities who opted financial compensation did not lead a sustainable livelihood instead they either became poorer or fell victims of poverty because they fail to use their financial compensation award wisely.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Assessing the role of social transfers in curbing household food insecurity in Harare rural district, Zimbabwe
- Nyabvudzi, Tatenda Gaudencia
- Authors: Nyabvudzi, Tatenda Gaudencia
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Poverty -- Zimbabwe Rural poor -- Zimbabwe Food security -- Zimbabwe Social security -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Admin
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/1939 , vital:27586
- Description: One of the major problems obstructing international development is the issue of food security. Solutions for this global concern have not yet been found. This research sought to explore the role of social transfers in curbing household food insecurity. Social transfers are regular services or donations which are offered by the government or/and other institutions such as non-governmental organisations to vulnerable households. This exploratory study administered structured interviews, incorporating the Household Hunger Scale, Months of Adequate Household Food Provisioning indicator and self designed questions soliciting general household information, to Harare rural residents. The population was divided into clusters and a simple random sampling was used to select three clusters, Mufakose, Glen Norah and Warren Park, thereafter, systematic random sampling was employed within selected clusters.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Nyabvudzi, Tatenda Gaudencia
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Poverty -- Zimbabwe Rural poor -- Zimbabwe Food security -- Zimbabwe Social security -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Admin
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/1939 , vital:27586
- Description: One of the major problems obstructing international development is the issue of food security. Solutions for this global concern have not yet been found. This research sought to explore the role of social transfers in curbing household food insecurity. Social transfers are regular services or donations which are offered by the government or/and other institutions such as non-governmental organisations to vulnerable households. This exploratory study administered structured interviews, incorporating the Household Hunger Scale, Months of Adequate Household Food Provisioning indicator and self designed questions soliciting general household information, to Harare rural residents. The population was divided into clusters and a simple random sampling was used to select three clusters, Mufakose, Glen Norah and Warren Park, thereafter, systematic random sampling was employed within selected clusters.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
An investigation into the IGR practices in local government planning in the Eastern Cape: A case study of Amathole District Municipality
- Authors: Omoruyi, Uchenna Diamond
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Intergovernmental cooperation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Political participation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape City planning -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/7720 , vital:30712
- Description: The governance system in post-apartheid South Africa brought about the working together of the three spheres of government, namely, the National, Provincial and Local spheres in a principle of intergovernmental relations underpinned by a system of cooperative government. Cooperative governance is about intergovernmental integration and coordination which sees the three spheres of government working together and functioning in harmony to provide public services and meet the needs of communities effectively and comes together in the integrated development plan (IDP), the key strategic planning instrument at local government level. In developing the IDP’s, the Municipal systems Act requires cooperation between the different spheres of government with the IDP providing the basis for the alignment of policy, planning and budgeting processes across all spheres. The IDP is, therefore, very important to IGR as it is meant to coordinate the programs, plans and projects of national and provincial departments that are to be implemented at local government level. This research, therefore, investigates the IGR practices in local government planning in the Eastern Cape, focusing on the Amathole District Municipality. A qualitative research method was utilized in this study and data was acquired through secondary sources to achieve the aims and objectives of this study. Data that was gathered was analyzed using an analytical framework. The study revealed that although the Amathole District Municipality has IGR structures to coordinate the IDP development process and the involvement of these structures have brought some positive changes to the IDP process; however, there are challenges that are still crippling the process, thereby, leaving much to be desired. Consequently, recommendations based on the findings were offered.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Omoruyi, Uchenna Diamond
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Intergovernmental cooperation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Political participation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape City planning -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/7720 , vital:30712
- Description: The governance system in post-apartheid South Africa brought about the working together of the three spheres of government, namely, the National, Provincial and Local spheres in a principle of intergovernmental relations underpinned by a system of cooperative government. Cooperative governance is about intergovernmental integration and coordination which sees the three spheres of government working together and functioning in harmony to provide public services and meet the needs of communities effectively and comes together in the integrated development plan (IDP), the key strategic planning instrument at local government level. In developing the IDP’s, the Municipal systems Act requires cooperation between the different spheres of government with the IDP providing the basis for the alignment of policy, planning and budgeting processes across all spheres. The IDP is, therefore, very important to IGR as it is meant to coordinate the programs, plans and projects of national and provincial departments that are to be implemented at local government level. This research, therefore, investigates the IGR practices in local government planning in the Eastern Cape, focusing on the Amathole District Municipality. A qualitative research method was utilized in this study and data was acquired through secondary sources to achieve the aims and objectives of this study. Data that was gathered was analyzed using an analytical framework. The study revealed that although the Amathole District Municipality has IGR structures to coordinate the IDP development process and the involvement of these structures have brought some positive changes to the IDP process; however, there are challenges that are still crippling the process, thereby, leaving much to be desired. Consequently, recommendations based on the findings were offered.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
An assessment of the role of the Speaker in the management of the National Assembly: the case of a democratic South Africa
- Authors: Lunyawo, Sipho
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Legislative bodies -- South Africa -- Presiding officers , Mediation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26742 , vital:65976
- Description: This study interrogates the role of the Speaker in the management of the National Assembly in post-apartheid South Africa. The major focus is on the tenure of the fifth Speaker which was marked with widespread parliament disruptions largely orchestrated by opposition parties. The research employed a qualitative secondary data methodology in which data was collected from secondary sources such as government documents and newspapers. Content analysis and critical discourse analysis were used to analyze data. The Study found that the Speaker plays a fundamental role in the management of the National Assembly. Nevertheless, the study also established that there are numerous challenges faced by the Speaker in the management of the National Assembly. The challenges include mediating the chaos and conflicts among members. The study also established the nature and causes of chaos in the House as well as the efforts put in place by the Speaker to encourage fair debate among MPs. The study concludes that the role of the Speaker in monitoring and regulating the House is crucial in ensuring that there is order in the House at any given time. This is also because the Speaker plays a fundamental role as the Peacekeeper of the House and this emanates from the Speaker’s role in the management of the House. Based on the findings and conclusions of the Study, three recommendations were put forward and these are; embracing a system where the Speaker is independent, introducing hefty penalties against deliberate misconduct, and the use of previous unfavorable incidents to amend the rules of the House. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Lunyawo, Sipho
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Legislative bodies -- South Africa -- Presiding officers , Mediation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26742 , vital:65976
- Description: This study interrogates the role of the Speaker in the management of the National Assembly in post-apartheid South Africa. The major focus is on the tenure of the fifth Speaker which was marked with widespread parliament disruptions largely orchestrated by opposition parties. The research employed a qualitative secondary data methodology in which data was collected from secondary sources such as government documents and newspapers. Content analysis and critical discourse analysis were used to analyze data. The Study found that the Speaker plays a fundamental role in the management of the National Assembly. Nevertheless, the study also established that there are numerous challenges faced by the Speaker in the management of the National Assembly. The challenges include mediating the chaos and conflicts among members. The study also established the nature and causes of chaos in the House as well as the efforts put in place by the Speaker to encourage fair debate among MPs. The study concludes that the role of the Speaker in monitoring and regulating the House is crucial in ensuring that there is order in the House at any given time. This is also because the Speaker plays a fundamental role as the Peacekeeper of the House and this emanates from the Speaker’s role in the management of the House. Based on the findings and conclusions of the Study, three recommendations were put forward and these are; embracing a system where the Speaker is independent, introducing hefty penalties against deliberate misconduct, and the use of previous unfavorable incidents to amend the rules of the House. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
Operational risk model for MSES :impact on organisational information communication technology
- Authors: Bayaga, Anass
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Risk management -- Statistical methods Computer networks -- Security measures Risk assessment
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Comm
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/8332 , vital:32270
- Description: The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of Information Communication Technology Operational Risk Management (ICT ORM) on the performance of a Medium Small Enterprise (MSE). The study was based upon a survey design to collect the primary data from 107 respondents using simple random sampling. The research instrument was administered online. A one stage normative model, associative in nature, was developed based upon reviewing previous research and in line with the research findings. The model elicited five factors based upon the multiple regression analysis of the data: principal causes of ORM failure related to ICT; change management requirements and ICT risk; characteristic(s) of information; challenges posed by ORM solutions and evaluation models affecting ICT adoption within MSEs. Based on the methodologies used in this study including factor analysis and multivariate regression analysis, it is recommended that this model be applied to monitor these changes more closely and to measure the changing strategies and the associated factors such as insufficient or improper user participation in systems development process, identified as potential barriers to the effective adoption and implementation of ICT within an MSE.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Bayaga, Anass
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Risk management -- Statistical methods Computer networks -- Security measures Risk assessment
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Comm
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/8332 , vital:32270
- Description: The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of Information Communication Technology Operational Risk Management (ICT ORM) on the performance of a Medium Small Enterprise (MSE). The study was based upon a survey design to collect the primary data from 107 respondents using simple random sampling. The research instrument was administered online. A one stage normative model, associative in nature, was developed based upon reviewing previous research and in line with the research findings. The model elicited five factors based upon the multiple regression analysis of the data: principal causes of ORM failure related to ICT; change management requirements and ICT risk; characteristic(s) of information; challenges posed by ORM solutions and evaluation models affecting ICT adoption within MSEs. Based on the methodologies used in this study including factor analysis and multivariate regression analysis, it is recommended that this model be applied to monitor these changes more closely and to measure the changing strategies and the associated factors such as insufficient or improper user participation in systems development process, identified as potential barriers to the effective adoption and implementation of ICT within an MSE.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
The relationship between financial development and economic growth in Eswatini (formerly Swaziland)
- Fakudze, Siphe-okuhlehttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7928-5552
- Authors: Fakudze, Siphe-okuhlehttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7928-5552
- Date: 2019-12
- Subjects: Economic development -- Eswatini , Eswatini -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19704 , vital:43170
- Description: The study empirically examined the relationship between financial development and economic growth in Eswatini using quarterly time series data covering the period 1996 to 2018. Auto Regressive Distributed Lag bounds test technique and Granger causality test were used. The ratio of credit to the private sector to economic growth, openness to trade, revealed a positive relationship with economic growth in the long-run and short-run dynamics. Money supply displayed a negative association with real output in the long-run and short-run. Government size as a ratio of GDP highlighted a negative linkage with economic growth in the long-run and temporary positive association in the short-run. The Granger Causality test results displayed unidirectional causality running from financial development to economic growth, supporting the demand following causality hypothesis in Eswatini. The study recommends developing policies aimed at enhancing credit to the private sector to stimulate investment; reprioritise Government expenditure to minimise fiscal gap and support supply side reforms focusing on infrastructure development; control domestic liquidity and develop market securities attractive to the private sector; strengthen trade intensity to bolster growth; and improve regulatory framework to develop the non-bank financial industry. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2019
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019-12
- Authors: Fakudze, Siphe-okuhlehttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7928-5552
- Date: 2019-12
- Subjects: Economic development -- Eswatini , Eswatini -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19704 , vital:43170
- Description: The study empirically examined the relationship between financial development and economic growth in Eswatini using quarterly time series data covering the period 1996 to 2018. Auto Regressive Distributed Lag bounds test technique and Granger causality test were used. The ratio of credit to the private sector to economic growth, openness to trade, revealed a positive relationship with economic growth in the long-run and short-run dynamics. Money supply displayed a negative association with real output in the long-run and short-run. Government size as a ratio of GDP highlighted a negative linkage with economic growth in the long-run and temporary positive association in the short-run. The Granger Causality test results displayed unidirectional causality running from financial development to economic growth, supporting the demand following causality hypothesis in Eswatini. The study recommends developing policies aimed at enhancing credit to the private sector to stimulate investment; reprioritise Government expenditure to minimise fiscal gap and support supply side reforms focusing on infrastructure development; control domestic liquidity and develop market securities attractive to the private sector; strengthen trade intensity to bolster growth; and improve regulatory framework to develop the non-bank financial industry. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2019
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019-12
Financial literacy training in the small, medium and microenterprises sector : effect on business growth in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Akpan, Iniobong Wilson
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Economics Small business Business enterprises -- Finance
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13608 , vital:39684
- Description: The centrality of financial literacy to business performance is increasingly becoming established in the literature, with several studies attributing business failures, especially in the small, medium and microenterprises (SMME) sector, to the failure of entrepreneurs to acquire needed levels of formal financial training. This emphasis represents a paradigm shift: small business failures were conventionally blamed on lack of access to capital, infrastructural deficits, lack of markets for SMME goods and services, regulatory constraints, and crime. In South Africa, and elsewhere in the developing world, this new orthodoxy has spurned new policy interventions aimed at improving the financial literacy levels in the SMME sector. Such is the drive to entrench formal literacy provisioning in the SMME sector that some microcredit providers now bundle financial management training into their SMME loan packages. However, there is a dearth of empirical studies that demonstrate, in any conclusive way, the effect of financial literacy training on small business growth and sustainability. The question, therefore, about whether formal financial literacy training actually leads to significant improvements in turnover levels and growth appears to be answered more as advocacy rather than on the basis of empirical evidence. It is against the backdrop of these arguments that the thesis adopted a quasi experimental design to study the business performance of a sample of SMME entrepreneurs who had received financial literacy training (the “treatment group”) at least two years before the study’s commencement and those who had had no financial literacy training at all (the “control group”). The objective was to determine whether any differences in business growth could be attributed to exposure to formal financial management training or the lack thereof. A survey was conducted with 40 respondents from each of the two groups (n = 80). The survey was triangulated with in-depth interviews of a randomly selected sample 10 of SMME operators from each of the two groups. The interviews sought to uncover the entrepreneurs’ narratives regarding the sources and salience of financial literacy in the sector. The study was conducted among SMME operators in Port Elizabeth, East London and Mthatha – the Eastern Cape’s major centres of commerce and industry. Data estimation was conducted using the Difference In Difference (DID) estimation model to determine whether financial literacy training has had any effect on the turnover of training recipients’ businesses (the treatment group) over that of non-training recipients (the control group). Also, the DID coefficient was used as a growth rate indicator to determine whether growth has occurred in training recipients’ businesses over non-training recipients businesses as a result of having received financial literacy training. The Propensity Score Matching (PSM) was used to estimate the average treatment effect (ATE) and the average treatment effect on the treated (ATET). Quantile DID correlations with covariates were also run to reveal the relationship between turnover (a growth variable) and the covariates as possible influencers of firm performance. The key findings of the study were that based on the specific financial variables tested, some basic financial management knowledge existed among members of the two groups of SMME operators, but there was very minimal application of the knowledge in the day-to-day running of the business. Operators utilise both formal financial literacy training and informal knowledge sources in the operation of their businesses. The study also found that in comparison, the difference in turnover between the treatment and control group at follow-up period was significant at a P value of 0.000. This gave rise to an overall DID P value of 0.000 in the estimation. However, the significance was in favour of control group businesses as the business of respondents in the “control group” (with no financial literacy training) performed better than that of respondents in the “treatment group” (who had received financial literacy training). Finally, the study found that financial literacy training had no effect on the growth of businesses in the short term as the growth rate of turnover of the treatment group was lower than that of the control group and the difference between the two rates was significant at a P value of 0.025. Also, compared to itself, the change in turnover levels of the treatment group was not significant in the pre- and post-training periods as revealed by the PSM ATET estimation result. Minimal changes in turnover of the treatment group was not significant at a P value of 0.124. The study concludes from these findings that while financial literacy remains a salient factor in business, scholarship about the real significance of financial literacy training on small business performance in the short term stands on a relatively shaky empirical foundation, especially when viewed against the background that many SMME entrepreneurs also rely on informal knowledge sources to make everyday business decisions. The study thus highlights the imperative of ensuring that knowledge-related interventions in the SMME sector draws on both formal and informal sources of knowledge.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Akpan, Iniobong Wilson
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Economics Small business Business enterprises -- Finance
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13608 , vital:39684
- Description: The centrality of financial literacy to business performance is increasingly becoming established in the literature, with several studies attributing business failures, especially in the small, medium and microenterprises (SMME) sector, to the failure of entrepreneurs to acquire needed levels of formal financial training. This emphasis represents a paradigm shift: small business failures were conventionally blamed on lack of access to capital, infrastructural deficits, lack of markets for SMME goods and services, regulatory constraints, and crime. In South Africa, and elsewhere in the developing world, this new orthodoxy has spurned new policy interventions aimed at improving the financial literacy levels in the SMME sector. Such is the drive to entrench formal literacy provisioning in the SMME sector that some microcredit providers now bundle financial management training into their SMME loan packages. However, there is a dearth of empirical studies that demonstrate, in any conclusive way, the effect of financial literacy training on small business growth and sustainability. The question, therefore, about whether formal financial literacy training actually leads to significant improvements in turnover levels and growth appears to be answered more as advocacy rather than on the basis of empirical evidence. It is against the backdrop of these arguments that the thesis adopted a quasi experimental design to study the business performance of a sample of SMME entrepreneurs who had received financial literacy training (the “treatment group”) at least two years before the study’s commencement and those who had had no financial literacy training at all (the “control group”). The objective was to determine whether any differences in business growth could be attributed to exposure to formal financial management training or the lack thereof. A survey was conducted with 40 respondents from each of the two groups (n = 80). The survey was triangulated with in-depth interviews of a randomly selected sample 10 of SMME operators from each of the two groups. The interviews sought to uncover the entrepreneurs’ narratives regarding the sources and salience of financial literacy in the sector. The study was conducted among SMME operators in Port Elizabeth, East London and Mthatha – the Eastern Cape’s major centres of commerce and industry. Data estimation was conducted using the Difference In Difference (DID) estimation model to determine whether financial literacy training has had any effect on the turnover of training recipients’ businesses (the treatment group) over that of non-training recipients (the control group). Also, the DID coefficient was used as a growth rate indicator to determine whether growth has occurred in training recipients’ businesses over non-training recipients businesses as a result of having received financial literacy training. The Propensity Score Matching (PSM) was used to estimate the average treatment effect (ATE) and the average treatment effect on the treated (ATET). Quantile DID correlations with covariates were also run to reveal the relationship between turnover (a growth variable) and the covariates as possible influencers of firm performance. The key findings of the study were that based on the specific financial variables tested, some basic financial management knowledge existed among members of the two groups of SMME operators, but there was very minimal application of the knowledge in the day-to-day running of the business. Operators utilise both formal financial literacy training and informal knowledge sources in the operation of their businesses. The study also found that in comparison, the difference in turnover between the treatment and control group at follow-up period was significant at a P value of 0.000. This gave rise to an overall DID P value of 0.000 in the estimation. However, the significance was in favour of control group businesses as the business of respondents in the “control group” (with no financial literacy training) performed better than that of respondents in the “treatment group” (who had received financial literacy training). Finally, the study found that financial literacy training had no effect on the growth of businesses in the short term as the growth rate of turnover of the treatment group was lower than that of the control group and the difference between the two rates was significant at a P value of 0.025. Also, compared to itself, the change in turnover levels of the treatment group was not significant in the pre- and post-training periods as revealed by the PSM ATET estimation result. Minimal changes in turnover of the treatment group was not significant at a P value of 0.124. The study concludes from these findings that while financial literacy remains a salient factor in business, scholarship about the real significance of financial literacy training on small business performance in the short term stands on a relatively shaky empirical foundation, especially when viewed against the background that many SMME entrepreneurs also rely on informal knowledge sources to make everyday business decisions. The study thus highlights the imperative of ensuring that knowledge-related interventions in the SMME sector draws on both formal and informal sources of knowledge.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
The relationship between stock market development and savings mobilization in South Africa
- Authors: Katsande, Tamuka
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Stock exchanges Saving and investment Financial services industry
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Economics
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11762 , vital:39104
- Description: South Africa has a well-developed financial sector, particularly the stock market, which performs better than those of other developed countries. However, it is interesting to note that irrespective of the advancement in the financial sector, the country has low levels of savings. Given this background, the study empirically examined the relationship between stock market development and savings mobilization in South Africa. Employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration test for the period 1990 to 2012, using quarterly time series data. Based on the McKinnon-Shaw hypothesis, which advocates that the stock market development promotes the growth rate of savings, a model linking the savings and their determinants was specified. The empirical results revealed that there is a long-term relationship between savings and the other variables including rate of interest, income, age, M3 as a percentage of GDP, bank credit to the private sector as a percentage of GDP, and stock market used in the model. It was also established that the stock market plays a positive role in mobilizing savings in South Africa. In addition, it was also found that the financial sector development has a positive relation with savings, although the interest rate was found to be negatively related to savings. The empirical results indicate that the stock market has a positive effect on savings; however, given the extent to which the financial sector is developed, South Africans in general have access to different financial products which in a way may negatively impact savings as they are net borrowers rather than savers. It is crucially important, therefore, for the general public to be advised on the use of financial products. These empirical results are supported by findings of Mavrotas and Santillana (1999), Kelly and Mavrotas (2003) Odhiambo (2006), Sahoo and Dash (2013), Kapingura and Alagidede (2014), who concluded that the stock market as one of the indicators of financial development positively influences savings.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Katsande, Tamuka
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Stock exchanges Saving and investment Financial services industry
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Economics
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11762 , vital:39104
- Description: South Africa has a well-developed financial sector, particularly the stock market, which performs better than those of other developed countries. However, it is interesting to note that irrespective of the advancement in the financial sector, the country has low levels of savings. Given this background, the study empirically examined the relationship between stock market development and savings mobilization in South Africa. Employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration test for the period 1990 to 2012, using quarterly time series data. Based on the McKinnon-Shaw hypothesis, which advocates that the stock market development promotes the growth rate of savings, a model linking the savings and their determinants was specified. The empirical results revealed that there is a long-term relationship between savings and the other variables including rate of interest, income, age, M3 as a percentage of GDP, bank credit to the private sector as a percentage of GDP, and stock market used in the model. It was also established that the stock market plays a positive role in mobilizing savings in South Africa. In addition, it was also found that the financial sector development has a positive relation with savings, although the interest rate was found to be negatively related to savings. The empirical results indicate that the stock market has a positive effect on savings; however, given the extent to which the financial sector is developed, South Africans in general have access to different financial products which in a way may negatively impact savings as they are net borrowers rather than savers. It is crucially important, therefore, for the general public to be advised on the use of financial products. These empirical results are supported by findings of Mavrotas and Santillana (1999), Kelly and Mavrotas (2003) Odhiambo (2006), Sahoo and Dash (2013), Kapingura and Alagidede (2014), who concluded that the stock market as one of the indicators of financial development positively influences savings.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
The impact of transport infrastructure investment on unemployment in South Africa
- Authors: Mayekiso, Sipokazi
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Transportation -- South Africa Infrastructure (Economics) -- South Africa Economic development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2260 , vital:27720
- Description: The transport infrastructure investment has been a subject of many studies for some time, mainly in improving and predicting the economic growth of the country and improving employment in South Africa. Given this, the study examines the impact of transport infrastructure investment on unemployment in South Africa by using time series econometric analysis over the period 1982-2012. Some key variables considered include unemployment, real GDP, real exchange rate, real interest rate, and trade openness total infrastructure investment exclude transport infrastructure investment. To separate the long and short run effect, VECM was employed after ensuring stationarity of the series. The study found that a long run relationship exist between the unemployment, transport infrastructure investment, real GDP, real exchange rate , real interest rate, trade openness and total infrastructure investment exclude transport infrastructure investment. The Results of this thesis have implications for policy and academic work.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Mayekiso, Sipokazi
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Transportation -- South Africa Infrastructure (Economics) -- South Africa Economic development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2260 , vital:27720
- Description: The transport infrastructure investment has been a subject of many studies for some time, mainly in improving and predicting the economic growth of the country and improving employment in South Africa. Given this, the study examines the impact of transport infrastructure investment on unemployment in South Africa by using time series econometric analysis over the period 1982-2012. Some key variables considered include unemployment, real GDP, real exchange rate, real interest rate, and trade openness total infrastructure investment exclude transport infrastructure investment. To separate the long and short run effect, VECM was employed after ensuring stationarity of the series. The study found that a long run relationship exist between the unemployment, transport infrastructure investment, real GDP, real exchange rate , real interest rate, trade openness and total infrastructure investment exclude transport infrastructure investment. The Results of this thesis have implications for policy and academic work.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Psychological capital as a moderator of the relationship between workplace conflict and organisational citizenship behaviour among administrative staff at the University of Fort Hare
- Authors: Motema, Boiketlo
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Organizational behavior Employees -- Attitudes Organizational effectiveness
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18565 , vital:42609
- Description: This study investigated psychological capital (PsyCap) as a mediator of the relationship between workplace conflict (WC) and organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB). The study was based on equity theory as well as the social exchange theory. The sample encompassed of 151 administrative staff members from the University of Fort Hare (Alice, Bhisho and East London campuses) in the Eastern Cape Province. Argentero, Cortese, and Ferretti (2008) organisational citizenship behaviour questionnaire was employed to assess OCB; the Interpersonal Conflict at Work Scale (ICAWS) was employed to assess workplace conflict; and Luthans, Avolio, Avey, and Norman’s (2007) psychological capital questionnaire by McGee (2011) was employed to assess psychological capital. In terms of data analysis, a descriptive analysis, correlational analysis together with simple linear regression analysis and multiple linear regression models were applied using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. The findings indicated a negative relationship between workplace conflict and organisational citizenship behaviour. Thus, for the purpose of enhancing extra-role behaviours amongst staff members, the management of the institution needs to ensure equitable compensation, rewards, and benefits amongst workers. This is vital because should the employees perceive that inequity exists, they will fight for fairness and justice, and if they are not heard, it will result in workplace conflict.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Motema, Boiketlo
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Organizational behavior Employees -- Attitudes Organizational effectiveness
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18565 , vital:42609
- Description: This study investigated psychological capital (PsyCap) as a mediator of the relationship between workplace conflict (WC) and organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB). The study was based on equity theory as well as the social exchange theory. The sample encompassed of 151 administrative staff members from the University of Fort Hare (Alice, Bhisho and East London campuses) in the Eastern Cape Province. Argentero, Cortese, and Ferretti (2008) organisational citizenship behaviour questionnaire was employed to assess OCB; the Interpersonal Conflict at Work Scale (ICAWS) was employed to assess workplace conflict; and Luthans, Avolio, Avey, and Norman’s (2007) psychological capital questionnaire by McGee (2011) was employed to assess psychological capital. In terms of data analysis, a descriptive analysis, correlational analysis together with simple linear regression analysis and multiple linear regression models were applied using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. The findings indicated a negative relationship between workplace conflict and organisational citizenship behaviour. Thus, for the purpose of enhancing extra-role behaviours amongst staff members, the management of the institution needs to ensure equitable compensation, rewards, and benefits amongst workers. This is vital because should the employees perceive that inequity exists, they will fight for fairness and justice, and if they are not heard, it will result in workplace conflict.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
The Moderating Influence of Psychological Empowerment in the relationship between Job Insecurity and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour among the Eastern Cape Department of Health Employees
- Authors: Nwokolo, Echezona E
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Job security -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Organizational commitment Employee assistance programs
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , D.Com (Industrial Psychology)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13881 , vital:39722
- Description: The unabated focus of many organizations on competition and profitability has amplified the threats of real or anticipated job loss resulting in the feelings of insecurity for employees about their job and future work life. The research investigated the role of psychological empowerment as moderator of the relationship between job insecurity and organizational citizenship behavior among the Eastern Cape Department of Health employees, in Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The study adopted an exploratory and correlational research design to understand the relationships that exist between the study variables. Respondents were selected using convenience sampling technique, where a sample size of 357 respondents was selected from sample frame of 4847 employees. Seven-point and Five-point likert scale were used to measure the responses. The data analysis methods used include descriptive statistics, regression analysis, ANOVA and Structural Equation Modeling. The reliability, factor analysis and research hypotheses of the research instruments were tested using the aforementioned statistical techniques. The findings reveal a significant negative correlation between job insecurity and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour, a significant positive correlation between psychological empowerment and OCB. It also revealed that job insecurity and psychological empowerment combined account for a significant higher proportion of variance in OCB than any of the two separately, and that significantly and positively moderates the relationship between job insecurity and OCB. Recommendations to promote psychological empowerment in the organization in order to increase organizational citizenship behavior and decrease job insecurity among employees were suggested to leadership of the government departments, organizations and practicing managers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Nwokolo, Echezona E
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Job security -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Organizational commitment Employee assistance programs
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , D.Com (Industrial Psychology)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13881 , vital:39722
- Description: The unabated focus of many organizations on competition and profitability has amplified the threats of real or anticipated job loss resulting in the feelings of insecurity for employees about their job and future work life. The research investigated the role of psychological empowerment as moderator of the relationship between job insecurity and organizational citizenship behavior among the Eastern Cape Department of Health employees, in Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The study adopted an exploratory and correlational research design to understand the relationships that exist between the study variables. Respondents were selected using convenience sampling technique, where a sample size of 357 respondents was selected from sample frame of 4847 employees. Seven-point and Five-point likert scale were used to measure the responses. The data analysis methods used include descriptive statistics, regression analysis, ANOVA and Structural Equation Modeling. The reliability, factor analysis and research hypotheses of the research instruments were tested using the aforementioned statistical techniques. The findings reveal a significant negative correlation between job insecurity and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour, a significant positive correlation between psychological empowerment and OCB. It also revealed that job insecurity and psychological empowerment combined account for a significant higher proportion of variance in OCB than any of the two separately, and that significantly and positively moderates the relationship between job insecurity and OCB. Recommendations to promote psychological empowerment in the organization in order to increase organizational citizenship behavior and decrease job insecurity among employees were suggested to leadership of the government departments, organizations and practicing managers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
The impact of export commodity prices on emerging markets economic growth: a case of South Africa’s mineral exports.
- Authors: Moodley, Shiven
- Date: 2021-09
- Subjects: Economic development
- Language: English
- Type: Master's/ theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/20462 , vital:45668
- Description: Despite South Africa being a mineral resource-rich country, it has experienced low economic growth post-democracy era. The available literature suggests that fluctuations in global demand for commodities have harmed the production process of tradeable and non-tradable goods. Based on this, this dissertation examines the impact of export commodity price on GDP per capita in South Africa using quarterly data beginning from Q2 (April-June) 1990 to Q4 (Oct-Dec) 2018. The Johansen co-integration technique and the Vector Error Correction Method (VECM) were utilised to examine both the long and short-run relationships between the variables of interest. The outcome of the examination has revealed that export commodity price and government expenditure have a positive relationship with GDP per capita in the long run. However, net capital flows have a negative effect on GDP per capita in South Africa. In the short run, the empirical results also reveal that both net capital flows and government expenditure are negatively related to GDP per capita. Furthermore, policy action should be directed towards structural investment for the development of sustainable infrastructure projects within the commodity export sector based on the long-run relationship between commodity export prices and GDP per capita. , Thesis (MCom) (Economics) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-09
- Authors: Moodley, Shiven
- Date: 2021-09
- Subjects: Economic development
- Language: English
- Type: Master's/ theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/20462 , vital:45668
- Description: Despite South Africa being a mineral resource-rich country, it has experienced low economic growth post-democracy era. The available literature suggests that fluctuations in global demand for commodities have harmed the production process of tradeable and non-tradable goods. Based on this, this dissertation examines the impact of export commodity price on GDP per capita in South Africa using quarterly data beginning from Q2 (April-June) 1990 to Q4 (Oct-Dec) 2018. The Johansen co-integration technique and the Vector Error Correction Method (VECM) were utilised to examine both the long and short-run relationships between the variables of interest. The outcome of the examination has revealed that export commodity price and government expenditure have a positive relationship with GDP per capita in the long run. However, net capital flows have a negative effect on GDP per capita in South Africa. In the short run, the empirical results also reveal that both net capital flows and government expenditure are negatively related to GDP per capita. Furthermore, policy action should be directed towards structural investment for the development of sustainable infrastructure projects within the commodity export sector based on the long-run relationship between commodity export prices and GDP per capita. , Thesis (MCom) (Economics) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-09
The relationship between exports and economic growth: an empirical case study of the South African automobile industry
- Authors: Taylor, Nina-Mari
- Date: 2012-03
- Subjects: Exports , Automobile industry and trade
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26313 , vital:65237
- Description: The dissertation investigates the relationship between automobile exports and economic growth in South Africa. Given the amount of investment and government assistance that has gone into assisting and developing the South African automobile industry via the Motor Industry Development Programme, this study examines whether the increase in automobile exports has impacted on economic growth. A demand-side model of the Export-Led Growth hypothesis is estimated in order to analyse the magnitude of the impact of automobile exports on growth. The results of the VECM and Dynamic Granger Causality test reveal that vehicle exports have a long-run positive impact on economic growth and that a uni-directional causal relationship is found to run from vehicle exports to economic growth. Even though vehicle exports are found to have a relatively significant impact on economic growth, domestic demand factors are concluded as being the key contributor of economic growth in South Africa. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2012
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012-03
- Authors: Taylor, Nina-Mari
- Date: 2012-03
- Subjects: Exports , Automobile industry and trade
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26313 , vital:65237
- Description: The dissertation investigates the relationship between automobile exports and economic growth in South Africa. Given the amount of investment and government assistance that has gone into assisting and developing the South African automobile industry via the Motor Industry Development Programme, this study examines whether the increase in automobile exports has impacted on economic growth. A demand-side model of the Export-Led Growth hypothesis is estimated in order to analyse the magnitude of the impact of automobile exports on growth. The results of the VECM and Dynamic Granger Causality test reveal that vehicle exports have a long-run positive impact on economic growth and that a uni-directional causal relationship is found to run from vehicle exports to economic growth. Even though vehicle exports are found to have a relatively significant impact on economic growth, domestic demand factors are concluded as being the key contributor of economic growth in South Africa. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2012
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012-03
The role of decent rural employment in counteracting food insecurity in Bindura rural district, Zimbabwe
- Authors: Chimberengwa, Patronella
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Poverty -- Prevention , Food security , Food relief
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26324 , vital:65238
- Description: Despite many initiatives that are being implemented by the governments of different nations and the international community to minimize hunger and poverty in rural areas, several households continue to suffer from food insecurity. The World Food Programme (WFP) and the government in Zimbabwe are providing food aid to approximately 1.6 million people across the 37 districts in the country. Measures have been undertaken to counter food insecurity in Zimbabwe but to no avail. Food related public policies such as donor aid and government subsidies have also been unworkable for such a long time. In this study a comprehensive analysis of the role of decent rural employment in counteracting food insecurity will be provided. The study also seeks to assess how humanitarian work psychologists can work together with various stakeholders in society so as to curb household food insecurity. The Study population included all the households in Bindura rural district in Zimbabwe. Both quantitative and qualitative research designs were used. The researcher used cluster sampling procedure in which households were divided into groups (clusters) and a sample of the groups was selected. A random sample was then drawn from the elements within each selected group. The results confirmed that those that are not decently employed face a broad range of decent work deficits, exploitation at work and are food insecure, a finding that is similar to other countries. Thus, the researcher concluded that Decent Rural employment do have an impact on food security. Taking a look at the basic tenets of decent employment such as full time employment, a decent income, reasonable working hours and employee benefits among others, the results showed that they all impact on food security. The information obtained will be fundamental for communities at risk and dealing with the issue may help improve food insecurity situation in the country. This information will also help in formulating special measures in the form of tailor made strategies specifically made for the district and helps in doing away with what is called a one size fits all approach to food security as it pays particular attention to the households in that particular district. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Chimberengwa, Patronella
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Poverty -- Prevention , Food security , Food relief
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26324 , vital:65238
- Description: Despite many initiatives that are being implemented by the governments of different nations and the international community to minimize hunger and poverty in rural areas, several households continue to suffer from food insecurity. The World Food Programme (WFP) and the government in Zimbabwe are providing food aid to approximately 1.6 million people across the 37 districts in the country. Measures have been undertaken to counter food insecurity in Zimbabwe but to no avail. Food related public policies such as donor aid and government subsidies have also been unworkable for such a long time. In this study a comprehensive analysis of the role of decent rural employment in counteracting food insecurity will be provided. The study also seeks to assess how humanitarian work psychologists can work together with various stakeholders in society so as to curb household food insecurity. The Study population included all the households in Bindura rural district in Zimbabwe. Both quantitative and qualitative research designs were used. The researcher used cluster sampling procedure in which households were divided into groups (clusters) and a sample of the groups was selected. A random sample was then drawn from the elements within each selected group. The results confirmed that those that are not decently employed face a broad range of decent work deficits, exploitation at work and are food insecure, a finding that is similar to other countries. Thus, the researcher concluded that Decent Rural employment do have an impact on food security. Taking a look at the basic tenets of decent employment such as full time employment, a decent income, reasonable working hours and employee benefits among others, the results showed that they all impact on food security. The information obtained will be fundamental for communities at risk and dealing with the issue may help improve food insecurity situation in the country. This information will also help in formulating special measures in the form of tailor made strategies specifically made for the district and helps in doing away with what is called a one size fits all approach to food security as it pays particular attention to the households in that particular district. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2014
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Social policy and the state in South Africa: pathways for human capability development
- Monyai, Priscilla B. (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0139-0939)
- Authors: Monyai, Priscilla B. (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0139-0939)
- Date: 2011-08
- Subjects: Social Policy , Human Capital , Apartheid
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24059 , vital:62334
- Description: The main focus of this thesis is the challenges that are facing social policy development and implementation in South Africa in relation to the enhancement of human capability. The study adopted a historical approach to assess the model of social policy in South Africa and identified that social relations of domination inherited from the apartheid era continuing to produce inequalities in opportunities. Social policy under the democratic government has not managed to address social inequalities and the main drivers of poverty in the form of income poverty, asset poverty and capability poverty which are the underlying factors reproducing deprivation and destitution of the majority of the population. Although South Africa prides itself of a stable democracy, social inequalities continue to undermine the benefits of social citizenship because political participation in the midst of unequal access to economic and social resources undermine the value of citizenship. Also, inequalities in the distribution of income and wealth, and in the control of economic production undermine political equality which is an ethic upon which social rights are predicated. As a result, state interventions are lacking inherent potential to build human capability for people to live the life that they have reason to value. The paradox of social policy in South Africa is that the majority of those who are marginalised are those who were excluded by the apartheid regime even though state intervention is claimed to be targeting them. This points to the failure of incremental equalisation of opportunities within a context of stark social inequities. It is also an indication that the economic growth path delivered by the political. , Thesis (Doctoral) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2011
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011-08
- Authors: Monyai, Priscilla B. (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0139-0939)
- Date: 2011-08
- Subjects: Social Policy , Human Capital , Apartheid
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24059 , vital:62334
- Description: The main focus of this thesis is the challenges that are facing social policy development and implementation in South Africa in relation to the enhancement of human capability. The study adopted a historical approach to assess the model of social policy in South Africa and identified that social relations of domination inherited from the apartheid era continuing to produce inequalities in opportunities. Social policy under the democratic government has not managed to address social inequalities and the main drivers of poverty in the form of income poverty, asset poverty and capability poverty which are the underlying factors reproducing deprivation and destitution of the majority of the population. Although South Africa prides itself of a stable democracy, social inequalities continue to undermine the benefits of social citizenship because political participation in the midst of unequal access to economic and social resources undermine the value of citizenship. Also, inequalities in the distribution of income and wealth, and in the control of economic production undermine political equality which is an ethic upon which social rights are predicated. As a result, state interventions are lacking inherent potential to build human capability for people to live the life that they have reason to value. The paradox of social policy in South Africa is that the majority of those who are marginalised are those who were excluded by the apartheid regime even though state intervention is claimed to be targeting them. This points to the failure of incremental equalisation of opportunities within a context of stark social inequities. It is also an indication that the economic growth path delivered by the political. , Thesis (Doctoral) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2011
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011-08
External financial flows, domestic savings and economic growth in the Southern African development community (SADC)(1980-2013)
- Authors: kapingura, Forget Mingri
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: International finance Saving and investment -- South Africa Capital movements
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5198 , vital:29100
- Description: .Most countries in the SADC region experience low levels of domestic savings. This calls for the need to explore other sources of financial flows to bridge the gap between domestic capital demand and supply, and one such source is external financial flows. It is with this background that this study examined the relationship between the different forms of external financial flows, domestic savings and economic growth in the SADC region for the period from 1980 to 2013. Firstly the study examined the impact of the different forms of external financial flows on economic growth in the region. The empirical results revealed that FDI, CBF and remittances have a significant impact on economic growth in the SADC region. ODA was however found to be insignificant. When the different types of external financial flows were interacted with institutions they all became significant in explaining economic growth in the region. The second aspect was to examine the extent to which external financial flows complement or displace domestic saving. The empirical results revealed that external financial flows with the exception of ODA complement domestic savings in the region. In addition, there is evidence of investment generating additional savings in the region, which is likely to be through the economic growth channel. The last objective of the study was to examine the determinants of external financial flows to the SADC region. The empirical results revealed that both push and pull factors are important in determining external financial flows in the region. Of great importance was the observation that events in the source country determine financial flows to the region. Proxy for financial integration was found to be positive though insignificant, pointing out that the region may not be benefiting from cross-border bank flows due to the region being disintegrated. This suggests that the region may benefit from increased cross-border bank flows if the region is integrated. Overall, the results from the study suggest that external financial flows are important to the region in providing the much needed development finance. However this also suggests that the foreign capital channel is another source in which a crisis from a developed country can be transmitted to the SADC region.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: kapingura, Forget Mingri
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: International finance Saving and investment -- South Africa Capital movements
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5198 , vital:29100
- Description: .Most countries in the SADC region experience low levels of domestic savings. This calls for the need to explore other sources of financial flows to bridge the gap between domestic capital demand and supply, and one such source is external financial flows. It is with this background that this study examined the relationship between the different forms of external financial flows, domestic savings and economic growth in the SADC region for the period from 1980 to 2013. Firstly the study examined the impact of the different forms of external financial flows on economic growth in the region. The empirical results revealed that FDI, CBF and remittances have a significant impact on economic growth in the SADC region. ODA was however found to be insignificant. When the different types of external financial flows were interacted with institutions they all became significant in explaining economic growth in the region. The second aspect was to examine the extent to which external financial flows complement or displace domestic saving. The empirical results revealed that external financial flows with the exception of ODA complement domestic savings in the region. In addition, there is evidence of investment generating additional savings in the region, which is likely to be through the economic growth channel. The last objective of the study was to examine the determinants of external financial flows to the SADC region. The empirical results revealed that both push and pull factors are important in determining external financial flows in the region. Of great importance was the observation that events in the source country determine financial flows to the region. Proxy for financial integration was found to be positive though insignificant, pointing out that the region may not be benefiting from cross-border bank flows due to the region being disintegrated. This suggests that the region may benefit from increased cross-border bank flows if the region is integrated. Overall, the results from the study suggest that external financial flows are important to the region in providing the much needed development finance. However this also suggests that the foreign capital channel is another source in which a crisis from a developed country can be transmitted to the SADC region.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
The Effect of training and development on employee performance in the Buffalo City Municipality in the Eastern Cape of South Africa
- Authors: Adom, Richard Kwame
- Date: 2019-09
- Subjects: Employees -- Training of , Performance -- Management , Employees -- Rating of
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/20153 , vital:45377
- Description: Training and development are regarded as significant tools for any organisation to achieve the target goals and objectives. These goals and objectives are heavily and highly dependent on its workforce. In the literature, it is well documented that many organisations invest in employees’ training and development to enhance their performance and the growth of the organisation. Many organisations, however, including the Buffalo City Municipality, regard training and staff development as needless expenditure, and always do little, or make no effort to improve employees’ technical know-how. Such actions incapacitate staff to adapt to the ever-changing working environment and rapid technological innovation. This study employed purposive sampling technique to draw a sample of 70 employees from a total of 150, through structured interviews and a self-administered questionnaire, to examine the effect of training and development on employees’ performance in the Buffalo City Municipality, situated in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. The findings of the study generally revealed that training and development does not only increase employees’ performance, but assists in developing the overall personality of employees by making them more productive through building their senses of teamwork, boosting the attitude of staff which is the most critical component in attaining profit, and developing a cordial relationship and connectivity between management and the workforce. The study, therefore, recommended that the municipality, as a matter of urgency, earmarks a certain percentage of its resources for employees training and development, based on identified skills gaps to sharpen employees’ skills, competencies, capabilities and technical know-how, to capacitate them to cope with the ever-changing working environment and innovations, and to enhance their motivation, satisfaction and performance. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2019
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019-09
- Authors: Adom, Richard Kwame
- Date: 2019-09
- Subjects: Employees -- Training of , Performance -- Management , Employees -- Rating of
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/20153 , vital:45377
- Description: Training and development are regarded as significant tools for any organisation to achieve the target goals and objectives. These goals and objectives are heavily and highly dependent on its workforce. In the literature, it is well documented that many organisations invest in employees’ training and development to enhance their performance and the growth of the organisation. Many organisations, however, including the Buffalo City Municipality, regard training and staff development as needless expenditure, and always do little, or make no effort to improve employees’ technical know-how. Such actions incapacitate staff to adapt to the ever-changing working environment and rapid technological innovation. This study employed purposive sampling technique to draw a sample of 70 employees from a total of 150, through structured interviews and a self-administered questionnaire, to examine the effect of training and development on employees’ performance in the Buffalo City Municipality, situated in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. The findings of the study generally revealed that training and development does not only increase employees’ performance, but assists in developing the overall personality of employees by making them more productive through building their senses of teamwork, boosting the attitude of staff which is the most critical component in attaining profit, and developing a cordial relationship and connectivity between management and the workforce. The study, therefore, recommended that the municipality, as a matter of urgency, earmarks a certain percentage of its resources for employees training and development, based on identified skills gaps to sharpen employees’ skills, competencies, capabilities and technical know-how, to capacitate them to cope with the ever-changing working environment and innovations, and to enhance their motivation, satisfaction and performance. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2019
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019-09
The residuality of agriculture and the time dimensions of rural employment in South Africa
- Authors: Ngqwala, Sixolile
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Rural poor -- Employment
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Economics)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/16985 , vital:40806
- Description: There has been increasing recognition in the past few decades that rural households in developing countries are not limited to the agricultural sector, but also depend on other, nonagricultural activities. Rural households are understood to pursue multiple livelihood strategies which involve juggling different economic pursuits as a means of reducing risk and maintaining options. In South Africa, the importance of multiple livelihood strategies is widely appreciated, on the other hand there is a common perception in policy circles that agricultural development can become an important route out of poverty, for instance as part-time small-scale farmers become larger and more commercialised. The purpose of this dissertation is to attempt to better understand the relationship between households’ participation in agriculture and nonagricultural activities. The point of departure is the observation that there is a great deal of flux into and out of agriculture in a way that is difficult to understand in terms of prevailing theories and frameworks. The study makes use of four waves of data from the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS), and employs a variety of analytical approaches, including transition matrices, multinomial logistic regression, and panel data econometric models. The findings are mixed. In the one hand, there is evidence that households enter agriculture as other income sources become available, and leave agriculture again when those sources dry up. On the other hand, there is also evidence that participation in agriculture compensates for the absence or loss of other income sources, in which case agriculture can be thought of as a ‘residual’ sector that is activated when other options fail.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Ngqwala, Sixolile
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Rural poor -- Employment
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Economics)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/16985 , vital:40806
- Description: There has been increasing recognition in the past few decades that rural households in developing countries are not limited to the agricultural sector, but also depend on other, nonagricultural activities. Rural households are understood to pursue multiple livelihood strategies which involve juggling different economic pursuits as a means of reducing risk and maintaining options. In South Africa, the importance of multiple livelihood strategies is widely appreciated, on the other hand there is a common perception in policy circles that agricultural development can become an important route out of poverty, for instance as part-time small-scale farmers become larger and more commercialised. The purpose of this dissertation is to attempt to better understand the relationship between households’ participation in agriculture and nonagricultural activities. The point of departure is the observation that there is a great deal of flux into and out of agriculture in a way that is difficult to understand in terms of prevailing theories and frameworks. The study makes use of four waves of data from the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS), and employs a variety of analytical approaches, including transition matrices, multinomial logistic regression, and panel data econometric models. The findings are mixed. In the one hand, there is evidence that households enter agriculture as other income sources become available, and leave agriculture again when those sources dry up. On the other hand, there is also evidence that participation in agriculture compensates for the absence or loss of other income sources, in which case agriculture can be thought of as a ‘residual’ sector that is activated when other options fail.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
An assessment of the implementation of human resource planning and development and its effect on service delivery in the ministry of health and social welfare in Tanzania
- Authors: Rwiza, Edith
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Personnel management--Tanzania Civil service--Tanzania Public health--Tanzania
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , Public Administration
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11861 , vital:39113
- Description: Public health is a major concern to a number of countries, due to its ripple impact in the economy. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors that contribute to the implementation of HRP and D in the Tanzanian health sector. To achieve this, 22 respondents from the Ministry Secretariat and Directors were interviewed, and 355 questionnaires were administered to beneficiaries of the HRP and D. A mixed method approach was utilised to analyse the data collected from the respondents. The findings of the study pointed that males dominated the sample, with the majority holding postgraduate qualification. In terms of the implementation of the HRP, 49 percent of the respondents stated that it was satisfactory. While, in terms of capacity, 67 percent were of the view that there is a shortage of skilled staff. The challenges identified include inequality in the allocation of staff, lack of skills, knowledge and experience, and oversupply of staff in certain regions. Strategies proposed for enhancing the application of HRP and D include an overhaul in the organisation structure, solving staff welfare issues, ethics and values improvement, and management of staff. The study recommends that the government should allocate adequate budget to the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare to implement Human Resource Planning and Human Resource Development in all levels of the sector as directed by President’s Office, and the Public Service Management (PO-PSM). The study also recommends on the improvement of the Human Capital Management Information System (HCMIS) to assess health workers movement. Lastly, the study recommends that there should be good coordination, cooperation, and clear lines of authority between stakeholders of health system in supervision and regulation in the implementation of HRP and HRD plans.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Rwiza, Edith
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Personnel management--Tanzania Civil service--Tanzania Public health--Tanzania
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , Public Administration
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11861 , vital:39113
- Description: Public health is a major concern to a number of countries, due to its ripple impact in the economy. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors that contribute to the implementation of HRP and D in the Tanzanian health sector. To achieve this, 22 respondents from the Ministry Secretariat and Directors were interviewed, and 355 questionnaires were administered to beneficiaries of the HRP and D. A mixed method approach was utilised to analyse the data collected from the respondents. The findings of the study pointed that males dominated the sample, with the majority holding postgraduate qualification. In terms of the implementation of the HRP, 49 percent of the respondents stated that it was satisfactory. While, in terms of capacity, 67 percent were of the view that there is a shortage of skilled staff. The challenges identified include inequality in the allocation of staff, lack of skills, knowledge and experience, and oversupply of staff in certain regions. Strategies proposed for enhancing the application of HRP and D include an overhaul in the organisation structure, solving staff welfare issues, ethics and values improvement, and management of staff. The study recommends that the government should allocate adequate budget to the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare to implement Human Resource Planning and Human Resource Development in all levels of the sector as directed by President’s Office, and the Public Service Management (PO-PSM). The study also recommends on the improvement of the Human Capital Management Information System (HCMIS) to assess health workers movement. Lastly, the study recommends that there should be good coordination, cooperation, and clear lines of authority between stakeholders of health system in supervision and regulation in the implementation of HRP and HRD plans.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Evaluating revenue collection and allocation challenges faced by Ndlambe Local Municipality (Eastern Cape Province)
- Pieters, Nonkqubela Ntomboxolo
- Authors: Pieters, Nonkqubela Ntomboxolo
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Municipal corporations -- Taxation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Municipal finance -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4426 , vital:28338
- Description: In this project, the researcher evaluates revenue collection and allocation challenges faced by South African Municipalities in the case of NDLAMBE Local Municipality and this research project consist of five Chapters. Chapter one introduces and outlines the setting of the study and also provides the problem statement, research questions, research objectives and significance of the study. The chapter further clarifies the key concepts and terms that were used in the study, delimitation and limitations of the study. Chapter two provides a critical discussion of the concept of revenue collection and allocation, focusing on the various perspective of revenue. A source of municipal revenue and revenue collection and allocation model is explained as well as theoretical framework that guides it. Chapter three gives an account of the research design and methodology used in the study and in this study the researcher used the qualitative research approach as a data collection technique and document surveys were used because it is cheap and it saves time. The chapter also highlights the revenue collection and allocation applicable to the study and conclude by discussing the data analysis techniques that were used in the empirical study. Chapter four dealt with the data analysis of data collected presentation and discussion of the results and the researcher analyzed data using the filtering technique and content analysis. Chapter five drew conclusions and made scientific recommendations based on the research findings.The municipality is largely dependent on grants from upper spheres of government and generate less than 20 percent of current expenditures from own resources. As a whole, the revenue collection and allocation challenge of the NDLAMBE Local Municipality, given the current scenario of flows, is a reason for concern. Due to historical and political factors, local governments in South Africa differ substantially in terms of potential revenue base, but it may be that in many cases potential revenue is not exploited and that the high level of dependency on grants, high level of bad debts and lack of political will to be more self-reliant is the result of poor revenue in NDLAMBE Local Municipality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Pieters, Nonkqubela Ntomboxolo
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Municipal corporations -- Taxation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Municipal finance -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4426 , vital:28338
- Description: In this project, the researcher evaluates revenue collection and allocation challenges faced by South African Municipalities in the case of NDLAMBE Local Municipality and this research project consist of five Chapters. Chapter one introduces and outlines the setting of the study and also provides the problem statement, research questions, research objectives and significance of the study. The chapter further clarifies the key concepts and terms that were used in the study, delimitation and limitations of the study. Chapter two provides a critical discussion of the concept of revenue collection and allocation, focusing on the various perspective of revenue. A source of municipal revenue and revenue collection and allocation model is explained as well as theoretical framework that guides it. Chapter three gives an account of the research design and methodology used in the study and in this study the researcher used the qualitative research approach as a data collection technique and document surveys were used because it is cheap and it saves time. The chapter also highlights the revenue collection and allocation applicable to the study and conclude by discussing the data analysis techniques that were used in the empirical study. Chapter four dealt with the data analysis of data collected presentation and discussion of the results and the researcher analyzed data using the filtering technique and content analysis. Chapter five drew conclusions and made scientific recommendations based on the research findings.The municipality is largely dependent on grants from upper spheres of government and generate less than 20 percent of current expenditures from own resources. As a whole, the revenue collection and allocation challenge of the NDLAMBE Local Municipality, given the current scenario of flows, is a reason for concern. Due to historical and political factors, local governments in South Africa differ substantially in terms of potential revenue base, but it may be that in many cases potential revenue is not exploited and that the high level of dependency on grants, high level of bad debts and lack of political will to be more self-reliant is the result of poor revenue in NDLAMBE Local Municipality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015