Nyalubungo nibarutenga
- Tigalyoma Tilwesobwa, Zinza women, Composer not specified, Tracey, Hugh
- Authors: Tigalyoma Tilwesobwa , Zinza women , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Tanzania City not specified f-tz
- Language: Zinza
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/292160 , vital:56949 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP1781-XYZ5211b
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
- Authors: Tigalyoma Tilwesobwa , Zinza women , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Tanzania City not specified f-tz
- Language: Zinza
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/292160 , vital:56949 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP1781-XYZ5211b
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
E liso lyamukatata
- Tigalyoma Tilwesobwa, Zinza women, Composer not specified, Tracey, Hugh
- Authors: Tigalyoma Tilwesobwa , Zinza women , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Tanzania City not specified f-tz
- Language: Zinza
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/292151 , vital:56948 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP1781-XYZ5211a
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
- Authors: Tigalyoma Tilwesobwa , Zinza women , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Tanzania City not specified f-tz
- Language: Zinza
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/292151 , vital:56948 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP1781-XYZ5211a
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
Cabo Obela
- Tigalyoma Tilwesobwa, Zinza women, Composer not specified, Tracey, Hugh
- Authors: Tigalyoma Tilwesobwa , Zinza women , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Tanzania City not specified f-tz
- Language: Zinza
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/292137 , vital:56947 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP1780-XYZ5211b
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
- Authors: Tigalyoma Tilwesobwa , Zinza women , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Tanzania City not specified f-tz
- Language: Zinza
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/292137 , vital:56947 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP1780-XYZ5211b
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
Kimbalizi bwaki umweni guamunyoile
- Tigalyoma Tilwesobwa, Zinza Women, Composer not specified, Tracey, Hugh
- Authors: Tigalyoma Tilwesobwa , Zinza Women , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Tanzania City not specified f-tz
- Language: Zinza
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/291484 , vital:56871 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP1776-XYZ5203a
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
- Authors: Tigalyoma Tilwesobwa , Zinza Women , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Tanzania City not specified f-tz
- Language: Zinza
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/291484 , vital:56871 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP1776-XYZ5203a
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
Kimbalalizi bwaki umkweka gwanunyoile
- Tigalyoma Tilwesobwa and Zinza women (Performer), Composer not specified
- Authors: Tigalyoma Tilwesobwa and Zinza women (Performer) , Composer not specified
- Subjects: Wedding song , Indigenous folk music , Single laced conical drum , Wamayanda , Village of Chief Nyalubongo , Biharamulo , Tanganyika (Tanzania)
- Type: Sound , Music
- Identifier: vital:15329 , MOA25-05 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017634 , MOA25
- Description: Wedding song by Tigalyoma Tilwesobwa and Zinza women, accompanied by single laced conical drum , This recording is held at the International Library of African Music. For further information contact ilamlibrary@ru.ac.za , This recording was digitised by the International Library of African Music , Original format: 15ips reel , Equipment used in digitisation: Studer B 67 Tape Recorder; Nagra III , Software: Sound Forge V.6 , Sample rate: 44100Hz 16Bit Stereo
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Tigalyoma Tilwesobwa and Zinza women (Performer) , Composer not specified
- Subjects: Wedding song , Indigenous folk music , Single laced conical drum , Wamayanda , Village of Chief Nyalubongo , Biharamulo , Tanganyika (Tanzania)
- Type: Sound , Music
- Identifier: vital:15329 , MOA25-05 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017634 , MOA25
- Description: Wedding song by Tigalyoma Tilwesobwa and Zinza women, accompanied by single laced conical drum , This recording is held at the International Library of African Music. For further information contact ilamlibrary@ru.ac.za , This recording was digitised by the International Library of African Music , Original format: 15ips reel , Equipment used in digitisation: Studer B 67 Tape Recorder; Nagra III , Software: Sound Forge V.6 , Sample rate: 44100Hz 16Bit Stereo
- Full Text: false
Nyalubungo nibarutenga
- Tigalyoma Tilwesobwa and Zinza women (Performer), Composer not specified
- Authors: Tigalyoma Tilwesobwa and Zinza women (Performer) , Composer not specified
- Subjects: Wedding song , Indigenous Music , Clapping , Wamayanda , Village of Chief Nyalubongo , Biharamulo , Tanganyika (Tanzania)
- Type: Sound , Music
- Identifier: vital:15330 , MOA25-06 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017635 , MOA25
- Description: Wedding song by Tigalyoma Tilwesobwa and Zinza women, accompanied clapping , This recording is held at the International Library of African Music. For further information contact ilamlibrary@ru.ac.za , This recording was digitised by the International Library of African Music , Original format: 15ips reel , Equipment used in digitisation: Studer B 67 Tape Recorder; Nagra III , Software: Sound Forge V.6 , Sample rate: 44100Hz 16Bit Stereo
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Tigalyoma Tilwesobwa and Zinza women (Performer) , Composer not specified
- Subjects: Wedding song , Indigenous Music , Clapping , Wamayanda , Village of Chief Nyalubongo , Biharamulo , Tanganyika (Tanzania)
- Type: Sound , Music
- Identifier: vital:15330 , MOA25-06 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017635 , MOA25
- Description: Wedding song by Tigalyoma Tilwesobwa and Zinza women, accompanied clapping , This recording is held at the International Library of African Music. For further information contact ilamlibrary@ru.ac.za , This recording was digitised by the International Library of African Music , Original format: 15ips reel , Equipment used in digitisation: Studer B 67 Tape Recorder; Nagra III , Software: Sound Forge V.6 , Sample rate: 44100Hz 16Bit Stereo
- Full Text: false
Mkazi wa musaiza talya mugobe
- Tigalyoma Tiwesobwa with Zinza women, Hugh Tracey
- Authors: Tigalyoma Tiwesobwa with Zinza women , Hugh Tracey
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Haya (African people) , Nyoro (African people) , Zinza (African people) , Folk music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Tanzania Nyabubungo f-tz
- Language: Nyoro , Haya , Zinza
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/172538 , vital:42216 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , TR146-07
- Description: "The wife of Mr. so-and-so, does not eat dry meat." During the songs the women clapped their hands onto their knees rhythmically, clapping them together at the top of the swing. Wedding song, with conical, laced, drum.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
- Authors: Tigalyoma Tiwesobwa with Zinza women , Hugh Tracey
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Haya (African people) , Nyoro (African people) , Zinza (African people) , Folk music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Tanzania Nyabubungo f-tz
- Language: Nyoro , Haya , Zinza
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/172538 , vital:42216 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , TR146-07
- Description: "The wife of Mr. so-and-so, does not eat dry meat." During the songs the women clapped their hands onto their knees rhythmically, clapping them together at the top of the swing. Wedding song, with conical, laced, drum.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
Kimbalaliki bwaki umwene gwanu nyoile
- Tigalyoma Tiwesobwa with Zinza women, Hugh Tracey
- Authors: Tigalyoma Tiwesobwa with Zinza women , Hugh Tracey
- Date: 1952
- Subjects: Haya (African people) , Nyoro (African people) , Zinza (African people) , Folk music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Tanzania Nyabubungo f-tz
- Language: Nyoro , Haya , Zinza
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/172529 , vital:42215 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , TR146-06
- Description: "I must tighten my belt because I am going to work on my own house now." A most interesting example of the use of counter subjects to the ground. The verses sung by the soloist are not of the same length, but fit into the general rhythmic pattern. Wedding song, with conical, laced, drum.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1952
- Authors: Tigalyoma Tiwesobwa with Zinza women , Hugh Tracey
- Date: 1952
- Subjects: Haya (African people) , Nyoro (African people) , Zinza (African people) , Folk music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Tanzania Nyabubungo f-tz
- Language: Nyoro , Haya , Zinza
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/172529 , vital:42215 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , TR146-06
- Description: "I must tighten my belt because I am going to work on my own house now." A most interesting example of the use of counter subjects to the ground. The verses sung by the soloist are not of the same length, but fit into the general rhythmic pattern. Wedding song, with conical, laced, drum.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1952
Settlement agreement on substantive issues between Food and Allied Workers Union and Tiger Brands - Beverages for the period 01st August 2012 to 31st July 2013
- Tiger Brands, Food and Allied Workers Union
- Authors: Tiger Brands , Food and Allied Workers Union
- Date: 2012-07-27
- Subjects: Tiger Brands , Food and Allied Workers Union , Collective bargaining -- South Africa , Wages -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: collective labor agreements , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/112194 , vital:33557 , Labour Research Service (LRS)
- Description: Settlement agreement on substantive issues between Food and Allied Workers Union and Tiger Brands - Beverages for the period 01st August 2012 to 31st July 2013.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012-07-27
- Authors: Tiger Brands , Food and Allied Workers Union
- Date: 2012-07-27
- Subjects: Tiger Brands , Food and Allied Workers Union , Collective bargaining -- South Africa , Wages -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: collective labor agreements , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/112194 , vital:33557 , Labour Research Service (LRS)
- Description: Settlement agreement on substantive issues between Food and Allied Workers Union and Tiger Brands - Beverages for the period 01st August 2012 to 31st July 2013.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012-07-27
Memorandum of Understanding between Food and Allied Workers Union and Tiger Brands - Beverages
- Tiger Brands, Food and Allied Workers Union
- Authors: Tiger Brands , Food and Allied Workers Union
- Date: 2012-07-19
- Subjects: Tiger Brands , Food and Allied Workers Union , Collective bargaining -- South Africa , Wages -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: collective labor agreements , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/112186 , vital:33556 , Labour Research Service (LRS)
- Description: Memorandum of Understanding between Food and Allied Workers Union and Tiger Brands - Beverages.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012-07-19
- Authors: Tiger Brands , Food and Allied Workers Union
- Date: 2012-07-19
- Subjects: Tiger Brands , Food and Allied Workers Union , Collective bargaining -- South Africa , Wages -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: collective labor agreements , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/112186 , vital:33556 , Labour Research Service (LRS)
- Description: Memorandum of Understanding between Food and Allied Workers Union and Tiger Brands - Beverages.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012-07-19
Savage
- Tijani Agboola and His Group, Composer not specified, Tracey, Hugh
- Authors: Tijani Agboola and His Group , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 0000-00-00
- Subjects: Popular music--Africa , Dance music , Dance music--Caribbean Area , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Nigeria Benin f-sa
- Language: Yoruba
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/205205 , vital:46872 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , CR0743 , Research no.WA1654
- Description: Traditional Yoruba song with drum accompaniment
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 0000-00-00
- Authors: Tijani Agboola and His Group , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 0000-00-00
- Subjects: Popular music--Africa , Dance music , Dance music--Caribbean Area , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Nigeria Benin f-sa
- Language: Yoruba
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/205205 , vital:46872 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , CR0743 , Research no.WA1654
- Description: Traditional Yoruba song with drum accompaniment
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 0000-00-00
Tijan okun ade
- Tijani Agboola and His Group, Composer not specified, Tracey, Hugh
- Authors: Tijani Agboola and His Group , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1958-00-00
- Subjects: Popular music--Africa , Dance music , Dance music--Caribbean Area , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Nigeria Benin f-sa
- Language: Yoruba
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/205214 , vital:46874 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , CR0743 , Research no.WA1654
- Description: Traditional Yoruba song with drum accompaniment
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1958-00-00
- Authors: Tijani Agboola and His Group , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1958-00-00
- Subjects: Popular music--Africa , Dance music , Dance music--Caribbean Area , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Nigeria Benin f-sa
- Language: Yoruba
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/205214 , vital:46874 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , CR0743 , Research no.WA1654
- Description: Traditional Yoruba song with drum accompaniment
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1958-00-00
Finite difference methods for Burgers-Huxley equation and biofilm formation
- Authors: Tijani, Yusuf Olatunji
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Burgers equation , Terrestrial heat flow , Applied mathematics
- Language: English
- Type: Doctorial theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62732 , vital:72934
- Description: In this thesis, we constructed some versions of finite difference scheme for the Burgers-Huxley equation and for a set of partial differential equations (PDEs) arising in biofilm formation. The Burgers-Huxley equation serves as a fundamental model that describes the interaction between reaction mechanisms, convection effects, and diffusion transport. It has applications in the study of wave mechanics, population dynamics, physiology, fluid mechanics to list but a few. The study of biofilm formation is becoming increasingly important due to micro-organisms (i.e. bacteria) forming a protected mode from the host defense mechanism which may result in alteration in the host gene transcription and growth rate. Applications can be found useful in the treatment of bacterial infections, contamination of foods and water quality. We designed two nonstandard finite difference and two exponential finite difference schemes for the Burgers-Huxley equation. Numerical experiments with six cases and in three different regimes were studied. We show that the nonstandard scheme preserves the properties of the continuous equation which include positivity and boundedness. The stability region of the explicit exponential scheme was obtained and we outlined the algorithm for the implicit exponential scheme. The performance of the four schemes are compared in regard to absolute error, relative error, L1 and L∞ norms. For a singularly perturbed Burgers-Huxley equation, a novel nonstandard finite difference technique is constructed. It is demonstrated numerically that the NSFD scheme outperforms the classical scheme by comparing maximum pointwise errors and rate of convergence. We then solved the 2D Burgers-Huxley equation using four novel nonstandard finite difference schemes (NSFD1, NSFD2, NSFD3 and NSFD4). The numerical profiles from NSFD1 and NSFD2 exhibit some deviation from the exact profile. Our quest for a better performing scheme led to the modification of NSFD1 using the remainder effect technique. NSFD4 was designed by employing the time splitting approach. All the schemes preserve the properties of the continuous model (positivity and boundedness). The performance of all the schemes are analysed. We construct three nonstandard finite difference schemes for the equations modelling biomass equation and coupled substrate-biomass system of equations respectively. We checked the accuracy of our scheme by the conservation of physical properties (positivity, boundedness, biofilm formation and annihilation) since an analytical solution is not available. We show the instability, lack of conservation of physical properties by the classical scheme. Our proposed scheme shows good performance when compared with other results in the literature. The results here give more insight into the benefits of the nonstandard finite difference approximations. , Thesis (DPhil) -- Faculty of Science, School of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics , 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
- Authors: Tijani, Yusuf Olatunji
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Burgers equation , Terrestrial heat flow , Applied mathematics
- Language: English
- Type: Doctorial theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62732 , vital:72934
- Description: In this thesis, we constructed some versions of finite difference scheme for the Burgers-Huxley equation and for a set of partial differential equations (PDEs) arising in biofilm formation. The Burgers-Huxley equation serves as a fundamental model that describes the interaction between reaction mechanisms, convection effects, and diffusion transport. It has applications in the study of wave mechanics, population dynamics, physiology, fluid mechanics to list but a few. The study of biofilm formation is becoming increasingly important due to micro-organisms (i.e. bacteria) forming a protected mode from the host defense mechanism which may result in alteration in the host gene transcription and growth rate. Applications can be found useful in the treatment of bacterial infections, contamination of foods and water quality. We designed two nonstandard finite difference and two exponential finite difference schemes for the Burgers-Huxley equation. Numerical experiments with six cases and in three different regimes were studied. We show that the nonstandard scheme preserves the properties of the continuous equation which include positivity and boundedness. The stability region of the explicit exponential scheme was obtained and we outlined the algorithm for the implicit exponential scheme. The performance of the four schemes are compared in regard to absolute error, relative error, L1 and L∞ norms. For a singularly perturbed Burgers-Huxley equation, a novel nonstandard finite difference technique is constructed. It is demonstrated numerically that the NSFD scheme outperforms the classical scheme by comparing maximum pointwise errors and rate of convergence. We then solved the 2D Burgers-Huxley equation using four novel nonstandard finite difference schemes (NSFD1, NSFD2, NSFD3 and NSFD4). The numerical profiles from NSFD1 and NSFD2 exhibit some deviation from the exact profile. Our quest for a better performing scheme led to the modification of NSFD1 using the remainder effect technique. NSFD4 was designed by employing the time splitting approach. All the schemes preserve the properties of the continuous model (positivity and boundedness). The performance of all the schemes are analysed. We construct three nonstandard finite difference schemes for the equations modelling biomass equation and coupled substrate-biomass system of equations respectively. We checked the accuracy of our scheme by the conservation of physical properties (positivity, boundedness, biofilm formation and annihilation) since an analytical solution is not available. We show the instability, lack of conservation of physical properties by the classical scheme. Our proposed scheme shows good performance when compared with other results in the literature. The results here give more insight into the benefits of the nonstandard finite difference approximations. , Thesis (DPhil) -- Faculty of Science, School of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics , 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
Microalgae biomass as fermentation feedstock
- Authors: Tijjani-Oshungboye, Kubura
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5956 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006168
- Description: The search for alternative energy is as a result of pollution generated by the utilization of fossil fuel. Bearing in mind the increase in demand which exceeds supply, alternative energy must reduce the carbon foot print in order to relieve use of fossil fuels. Biogas generation from wastes is an old technology that has been in existence for decades. This same concept was behind the development of the integrated algae ponding system (IAPS), where the use of microalgae biomass is adopted for waste water treatment and, anaerobic digestion which is a component of the IAPS, simultaneously generates biogas. The biogas from the IAPS was quantified in order to evaluate efficiency of the system and the anaerobic fermentation pit was also simulated in the laboratory to optimize biogas production using microalgae as co-fermentation feedstock. Microalgae biomass was evaluated as potential feedstock for ethanol fermentation and the use of biogas was investigated as an alternative transportation fuel. In an IAPS substantial biomass is produced on an annual basis. For effective treatment of waste water and efficient nutrient removal continuous harvest of the biomass is required. In the present study, water treatment efficiency of the EBRU IAPS was determined by carrying out a series of tests to investigate the decline in nutrient content from port of influent entry to effluent discharge. There was more than a 60% reduction in nutrient content with a concomitant increase in biomass and growth rate of 0.25 g/L . Biogas generated from the IAPS was quantified using a flow meter and the composition determined by gas chromatography. Methane which is the principal constituent of biogas was 75% (±SD, n=IO) and 2.34 m³.d⁻¹ was measured as biogas yield from the EBRU IAPS. The study also investigated the use of the excess microalgae biomass as a fermentation feedstock for ethanol production and as a co-substrate in order to increase biogas yield from the system. Positive results were achieved for ethanol production from microalgae although yield was generally low. About 385 mg.⁻¹ of ethanol was recovered when glucose was used as substrate, where as only 115 mg.⁻¹ of ethanol was recovered with microalgae as substrate. Suitability of microalgae as feedstock for ethanol generation and biogas generation was determined by characterisation which involved estimation of the carbohydrate, protein and lipid content, and analysis of the C, H, 0, Nand S content. Laboratory fed batch reactors simulated the anaerobic digestion process in order to study the effect of microalgae biomass as co-substrate for biogas generation. The fermenters were inoculated with an active consortium obtained from the Makana municipal waste water works and microbial studies were carried to confirm the presence of the anaerobic consortium. Different pre-treatments (concentrated, rupturing and freeze-drying) were used to disrupt the microalgae prior to introduction into fermenters in a ratio of 3: I. COD, TC, TOC, SO₄⁻² and TN analyses were carried out to monitor nutrient depletion in the system, and biogas generated by the system was quantified by volumetric analysis and the gas composition determined. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) was used to test for significant difference pre and post addition of microalgae. In the most effective fermenter, biogas production was at an average of 394 ml.d·' and CH₄ ratio in the biogas increased by over a 100%. Theoretical methane potential of the IAPS and the Makana municipal waste water works treating 5 ML.d⁻¹ of domestic waste was determined using the empirical formula of waste water and shown to yield 1,037,342.40 m³/yr. The projected biogas yield from this system was used to evaluate its potential use as transportation fuel. In total, 198,673 .55 m³ of biogas was estimated to be required to fuel the Rhodes University's fleet of vehicles, with a residual biogas stream of 838,668.85 m³. It was also demonstrated in the present study that renewable energy sourced from biomass has the potential of supplanting the use of fossil fuel resulting in less pollution leading to a cleaner and healthier environment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Tijjani-Oshungboye, Kubura
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5956 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006168
- Description: The search for alternative energy is as a result of pollution generated by the utilization of fossil fuel. Bearing in mind the increase in demand which exceeds supply, alternative energy must reduce the carbon foot print in order to relieve use of fossil fuels. Biogas generation from wastes is an old technology that has been in existence for decades. This same concept was behind the development of the integrated algae ponding system (IAPS), where the use of microalgae biomass is adopted for waste water treatment and, anaerobic digestion which is a component of the IAPS, simultaneously generates biogas. The biogas from the IAPS was quantified in order to evaluate efficiency of the system and the anaerobic fermentation pit was also simulated in the laboratory to optimize biogas production using microalgae as co-fermentation feedstock. Microalgae biomass was evaluated as potential feedstock for ethanol fermentation and the use of biogas was investigated as an alternative transportation fuel. In an IAPS substantial biomass is produced on an annual basis. For effective treatment of waste water and efficient nutrient removal continuous harvest of the biomass is required. In the present study, water treatment efficiency of the EBRU IAPS was determined by carrying out a series of tests to investigate the decline in nutrient content from port of influent entry to effluent discharge. There was more than a 60% reduction in nutrient content with a concomitant increase in biomass and growth rate of 0.25 g/L . Biogas generated from the IAPS was quantified using a flow meter and the composition determined by gas chromatography. Methane which is the principal constituent of biogas was 75% (±SD, n=IO) and 2.34 m³.d⁻¹ was measured as biogas yield from the EBRU IAPS. The study also investigated the use of the excess microalgae biomass as a fermentation feedstock for ethanol production and as a co-substrate in order to increase biogas yield from the system. Positive results were achieved for ethanol production from microalgae although yield was generally low. About 385 mg.⁻¹ of ethanol was recovered when glucose was used as substrate, where as only 115 mg.⁻¹ of ethanol was recovered with microalgae as substrate. Suitability of microalgae as feedstock for ethanol generation and biogas generation was determined by characterisation which involved estimation of the carbohydrate, protein and lipid content, and analysis of the C, H, 0, Nand S content. Laboratory fed batch reactors simulated the anaerobic digestion process in order to study the effect of microalgae biomass as co-substrate for biogas generation. The fermenters were inoculated with an active consortium obtained from the Makana municipal waste water works and microbial studies were carried to confirm the presence of the anaerobic consortium. Different pre-treatments (concentrated, rupturing and freeze-drying) were used to disrupt the microalgae prior to introduction into fermenters in a ratio of 3: I. COD, TC, TOC, SO₄⁻² and TN analyses were carried out to monitor nutrient depletion in the system, and biogas generated by the system was quantified by volumetric analysis and the gas composition determined. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) was used to test for significant difference pre and post addition of microalgae. In the most effective fermenter, biogas production was at an average of 394 ml.d·' and CH₄ ratio in the biogas increased by over a 100%. Theoretical methane potential of the IAPS and the Makana municipal waste water works treating 5 ML.d⁻¹ of domestic waste was determined using the empirical formula of waste water and shown to yield 1,037,342.40 m³/yr. The projected biogas yield from this system was used to evaluate its potential use as transportation fuel. In total, 198,673 .55 m³ of biogas was estimated to be required to fuel the Rhodes University's fleet of vehicles, with a residual biogas stream of 838,668.85 m³. It was also demonstrated in the present study that renewable energy sourced from biomass has the potential of supplanting the use of fossil fuel resulting in less pollution leading to a cleaner and healthier environment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Kuwila
- Tiki Singalwe, Jalota Mwananzovu and Sokesi Honombe, composer not specified, Tracey, Hugh
- Authors: Tiki Singalwe , Jalota Mwananzovu and Sokesi Honombe , composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1948
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Zambia city not specified f-za
- Language: Bemba
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/366832 , vital:65911 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , ACO181-AX3
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1948
- Authors: Tiki Singalwe , Jalota Mwananzovu and Sokesi Honombe , composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1948
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Zambia city not specified f-za
- Language: Bemba
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/366832 , vital:65911 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , ACO181-AX3
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1948
Exploring the role of livelihood diversification of household food security in Umzimvubu Local Municipality
- Authors: Tikilili, Noluthando
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Food security -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sustainable agriculture -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Food industry and trade -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/66054 , vital:74324
- Description: The study sought to explore the role of livelihood diversification for household food security in rural communities of Umzimvubu Local Municipality for sustainable development. The study adopted an interpretive paradigm as it gave the researcher appropriate information from a group of participants who better understand the livelihood assets. The qualitative research approach was adopted for the study due to its ability to appreciate the opinions, feelings and experiences of distinct individuals in order to give meaning to their behaviours. To gain better inferences and insights into this phenomenon, the researcher used semi-structured interviews with smallholder farmers who depend on practising farm activities for their livelihoods. The findings of the study revealed that due to retrenchment and the increase in unemployment rate, families are experiencing income inadequacy that has urged rural households to engage mostly in on-farm activities as a way of generating income and supplementing their livelihoods to sustain their families. Additionally, the findings unveiled that the efforts by government as well as non-government stakeholders to mitigate the effects of poverty by introducing the local entrepreneurs to the formal market, were evident. However, there are no consistent and stable programmes and policies to extend the market, or to encourage commercial farmers and smallholder farmers to work together to improve rural economies and transfer the much-needed skills to subsistence farmers. The study recommends that the government should play a leading role in capacitating rural communities and adequate funding should be made available to execute off-farm and non-farm activities to tackle the issues of food security and eliminating poverty. Also, with the emergence of a changing climate, there is a need for the Eastern Cape government to erect irrigation schemes, which can be done to sustain on-farm production and productivity for the rural communities. There is a need for the government to facilitate the introduction of stable and consistent programmes and efficient and effective policies which will enforce the commercial and small-holder farmers to work together and ensure that the much-needed skills and expertise are transferred to the marginalised group whilst improving the rural economy and meeting the market demands. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
- Authors: Tikilili, Noluthando
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Food security -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sustainable agriculture -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Food industry and trade -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/66054 , vital:74324
- Description: The study sought to explore the role of livelihood diversification for household food security in rural communities of Umzimvubu Local Municipality for sustainable development. The study adopted an interpretive paradigm as it gave the researcher appropriate information from a group of participants who better understand the livelihood assets. The qualitative research approach was adopted for the study due to its ability to appreciate the opinions, feelings and experiences of distinct individuals in order to give meaning to their behaviours. To gain better inferences and insights into this phenomenon, the researcher used semi-structured interviews with smallholder farmers who depend on practising farm activities for their livelihoods. The findings of the study revealed that due to retrenchment and the increase in unemployment rate, families are experiencing income inadequacy that has urged rural households to engage mostly in on-farm activities as a way of generating income and supplementing their livelihoods to sustain their families. Additionally, the findings unveiled that the efforts by government as well as non-government stakeholders to mitigate the effects of poverty by introducing the local entrepreneurs to the formal market, were evident. However, there are no consistent and stable programmes and policies to extend the market, or to encourage commercial farmers and smallholder farmers to work together to improve rural economies and transfer the much-needed skills to subsistence farmers. The study recommends that the government should play a leading role in capacitating rural communities and adequate funding should be made available to execute off-farm and non-farm activities to tackle the issues of food security and eliminating poverty. Also, with the emergence of a changing climate, there is a need for the Eastern Cape government to erect irrigation schemes, which can be done to sustain on-farm production and productivity for the rural communities. There is a need for the government to facilitate the introduction of stable and consistent programmes and efficient and effective policies which will enforce the commercial and small-holder farmers to work together and ensure that the much-needed skills and expertise are transferred to the marginalised group whilst improving the rural economy and meeting the market demands. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
The biomass production, nutrient content and silage quality of Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne (L)) Cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata (L)) and Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea (Schreb)) varieties grown under irrigation in Alice, South Africa
- Authors: Tikwayo, Sizwe Edward
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Ryegrasses -- Varieties -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Ryegrasses -- Irrigation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Biomass energy -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/1796 , vital:27560
- Description: The study aims to evaluate the biomass production and nutrient content and silage quality of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne (L)), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata (L)) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea (Schreb)). Six varieties were used, two for each species. A completely randomized block designed replicated three times was conducted at University of Fort Hare Research Farm during 2014-2015 growing season. The plots were harvested at four-week interval (post emergency) for one year. Biomass yields were measured for fresh forage and dry matter yield. Duplicated samples were then dried, milled and analyzed for chemical and mineral composition (CP, NDF, ADF, and ash, Ca, P, K, Na, Mn, Cu, Zn and Fe) for only winter season. In addition the grasses were ensiled and the silage was analyzed for its fermentation parameters and nutrient content (lactic acid, pH, DM, CP, NDF, ADF, and ash, Ca, P, K, Na, Mn, Cu, Zn and Fe). Biomass results showed significant differences (P < 0.05) between season and varieties. On average Tall fescue varieties Jessup (13741.67 FM kg/ha), Alix (12007.78 FM kg/ ha) and Ryegrass varieties Samson (11597.22 FM kg/ha) and Nui (10591.67 FM kg/ha) had the highest fresh biomass yield. Similarly, Tall fescue varieties Jessup (2833.06 DM kg/ha) and Alix (2708.3 DM kg/ ha) and Ryegrass varieties Samson (2169.44 DM kg/ha) and Nui (2169.67 kg/ha) had the highest dry biomass yield. Throughout the year the average biomass yield was significantly different among species (P< 0.05). During summer and autumn Tall fescue varieties Jessup and Alix gave the highest dry matter yields of 3855.5 to 1977.8 DM kg/ha, and 3877.8 to 1900 DM kg/ha, respectively, and followed by Cocksfoot 2400 DM kg/ha. Ryegrass had the highest dry matter biomass yield in winter (2975 DM kg/ha) and the least in summer (977.75 DM kg/ha). There were no significant (P>0.05) differences on the chemical composition (CP, NDF, ADF, and ash) and mineral composition (Ca, P, K, Na, Mn, Cu, Zn and Fe) of the six varieties. The grass silage results showed significant differences (P< 0.05) among the six varieties for moisture content. Perennial ryegrass variety Nui (66.76 percent) had low moisture content than the other grass silages. The different varieties had no significant effects (P>0.05) on chemical composition (CP, NDF, ADF, and ash) and mineral composition (Ca, P, K, Na, Mn, Cu, Zn and Fe). It is concluded that the biomass production of the six varieties of three grass species was different throughout the year under irrigation hence Ryegrass and Tall fescue are recommended for dairy farmers in the region for all seasons. It can be concluded that there is no difference with respect to fermentation characteristics and nutrient content among the varieties of the grass species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Tikwayo, Sizwe Edward
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Ryegrasses -- Varieties -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Ryegrasses -- Irrigation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Biomass energy -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/1796 , vital:27560
- Description: The study aims to evaluate the biomass production and nutrient content and silage quality of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne (L)), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata (L)) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea (Schreb)). Six varieties were used, two for each species. A completely randomized block designed replicated three times was conducted at University of Fort Hare Research Farm during 2014-2015 growing season. The plots were harvested at four-week interval (post emergency) for one year. Biomass yields were measured for fresh forage and dry matter yield. Duplicated samples were then dried, milled and analyzed for chemical and mineral composition (CP, NDF, ADF, and ash, Ca, P, K, Na, Mn, Cu, Zn and Fe) for only winter season. In addition the grasses were ensiled and the silage was analyzed for its fermentation parameters and nutrient content (lactic acid, pH, DM, CP, NDF, ADF, and ash, Ca, P, K, Na, Mn, Cu, Zn and Fe). Biomass results showed significant differences (P < 0.05) between season and varieties. On average Tall fescue varieties Jessup (13741.67 FM kg/ha), Alix (12007.78 FM kg/ ha) and Ryegrass varieties Samson (11597.22 FM kg/ha) and Nui (10591.67 FM kg/ha) had the highest fresh biomass yield. Similarly, Tall fescue varieties Jessup (2833.06 DM kg/ha) and Alix (2708.3 DM kg/ ha) and Ryegrass varieties Samson (2169.44 DM kg/ha) and Nui (2169.67 kg/ha) had the highest dry biomass yield. Throughout the year the average biomass yield was significantly different among species (P< 0.05). During summer and autumn Tall fescue varieties Jessup and Alix gave the highest dry matter yields of 3855.5 to 1977.8 DM kg/ha, and 3877.8 to 1900 DM kg/ha, respectively, and followed by Cocksfoot 2400 DM kg/ha. Ryegrass had the highest dry matter biomass yield in winter (2975 DM kg/ha) and the least in summer (977.75 DM kg/ha). There were no significant (P>0.05) differences on the chemical composition (CP, NDF, ADF, and ash) and mineral composition (Ca, P, K, Na, Mn, Cu, Zn and Fe) of the six varieties. The grass silage results showed significant differences (P< 0.05) among the six varieties for moisture content. Perennial ryegrass variety Nui (66.76 percent) had low moisture content than the other grass silages. The different varieties had no significant effects (P>0.05) on chemical composition (CP, NDF, ADF, and ash) and mineral composition (Ca, P, K, Na, Mn, Cu, Zn and Fe). It is concluded that the biomass production of the six varieties of three grass species was different throughout the year under irrigation hence Ryegrass and Tall fescue are recommended for dairy farmers in the region for all seasons. It can be concluded that there is no difference with respect to fermentation characteristics and nutrient content among the varieties of the grass species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
The relationship between emotional intelligence and success in the project management
- Authors: Tikwayo, Victor Vuyile
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Project Management--South Africa Emotional Intelligence--South Africa , Tire industry--South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45300 , vital:38568
- Description: Project management plays an important role as a common method of reinforcing chosen organisational strategies that leads to sustainable competitive advantage (Steyn, et al. 2013:5). Organisations that respond quickly to customer demands with the use of projects have more opportunities of adding value to their shareholders and increase their market share or responding faster to mitigate risk. A major challenge facing management in many manufacturing organisations is the increasing gap between big investment demands on one hand and the knowledge and expertise on the other hand of the teams that need to make the project a reality. The increasing recognition of failures encountered in projects to meet the expectations of their stakeholders are cited to be jeopardizing the economic development and growth many developing countries like South Africa. As such, organisations are forced to become more resourceful to reduce project failures in an effort to ensure that the positive project outcomes are realized. Relationship management has been identified as one of the aspects that can help improve coordination and communication between all parties involved in a project. As such, emotional intelligence provides a framework for interpersonal skills among project teams, which is claimed to contribute to project success (Clarke, 2010a:14; Davis, 2011:39)The contemporary study, therefore explored the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and success in project management. The study was conducted within the context of manufacturing projects in Continental Tyre South Africa (CTSA). Based on the main findings, it was concluded that emotional intelligence plays an important role in project success. Various recommendations from the results of the empirical study are presented in the final chapter.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Tikwayo, Victor Vuyile
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Project Management--South Africa Emotional Intelligence--South Africa , Tire industry--South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45300 , vital:38568
- Description: Project management plays an important role as a common method of reinforcing chosen organisational strategies that leads to sustainable competitive advantage (Steyn, et al. 2013:5). Organisations that respond quickly to customer demands with the use of projects have more opportunities of adding value to their shareholders and increase their market share or responding faster to mitigate risk. A major challenge facing management in many manufacturing organisations is the increasing gap between big investment demands on one hand and the knowledge and expertise on the other hand of the teams that need to make the project a reality. The increasing recognition of failures encountered in projects to meet the expectations of their stakeholders are cited to be jeopardizing the economic development and growth many developing countries like South Africa. As such, organisations are forced to become more resourceful to reduce project failures in an effort to ensure that the positive project outcomes are realized. Relationship management has been identified as one of the aspects that can help improve coordination and communication between all parties involved in a project. As such, emotional intelligence provides a framework for interpersonal skills among project teams, which is claimed to contribute to project success (Clarke, 2010a:14; Davis, 2011:39)The contemporary study, therefore explored the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and success in project management. The study was conducted within the context of manufacturing projects in Continental Tyre South Africa (CTSA). Based on the main findings, it was concluded that emotional intelligence plays an important role in project success. Various recommendations from the results of the empirical study are presented in the final chapter.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
A business process model for blockchain-based South African real estate transactions
- Authors: Tilbury, Jack Laurie
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Blockchains (Databases) , Conveyancing -- Technological innovations , Real estate business -- Data processing , Real estate business -- South Africa -- Technological innovations
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148380 , vital:38734
- Description: The real estate transaction process has been described as inefficient and technologically outdated due to numerous stakeholders and predominantly paper-based operations. Despite the apparent bottlenecks in the current process, the implementation of new technology into the real estate sector has lagged. Several attempts have been made to modernise and digitise the business process but committed integration of assisting technology has lacked attention. This study examined the applicability and potential integration of blockchain technology into the business process of South African real estate transactions. Blockchain’s novelty means that research in this space, especially within South Africa, is limited. Of the research that has been conducted, no models of the business processes for South African or blockchain-based real estate transactions have been constructed. This study provides two business process models, illustrating the two different processes. The main contribution of this paper was an integrated business process model, illustrating how the various processes and stakeholder interactions for South African blockchain-based real estate transactions are conducted on one transaction platform, common to all participating stakeholders. This platform was named the South African Blockchain Land Exchange System (SABLES), which manages and facilitates these transactions in their entirety from start to finish. This model depicts an enhanced business process that provides increased security, transparency, and speed. These benefits will be realised by those who register, adopt, and transact on the platform. Through in-depth interviews, the integrated business process model was assessed. The findings produced a final and combined thematic map, representing the main themes of the analysed interview data, namely blockchain implementation strategies, business process applicability, information technology assimilation, current transaction context, and PropTech 3.0 success factors. The discussion revealed that the current transaction process lacks technological innovation, which increases pressure on the conveyancing role. It was also revealed that there is not only a need within the industry, but a desire, for newer technologies to assist the transaction process. In order to streamline and improve efficiency, business processes should leverage digital records and data, and strive for a solution beyond digitisation, achieving digitalisation. Digitalisation recognises digital documents as official and legal documents as opposed to simply being digital back-ups. This, coupled with the business process models, represent theoretical contributions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Tilbury, Jack Laurie
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Blockchains (Databases) , Conveyancing -- Technological innovations , Real estate business -- Data processing , Real estate business -- South Africa -- Technological innovations
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148380 , vital:38734
- Description: The real estate transaction process has been described as inefficient and technologically outdated due to numerous stakeholders and predominantly paper-based operations. Despite the apparent bottlenecks in the current process, the implementation of new technology into the real estate sector has lagged. Several attempts have been made to modernise and digitise the business process but committed integration of assisting technology has lacked attention. This study examined the applicability and potential integration of blockchain technology into the business process of South African real estate transactions. Blockchain’s novelty means that research in this space, especially within South Africa, is limited. Of the research that has been conducted, no models of the business processes for South African or blockchain-based real estate transactions have been constructed. This study provides two business process models, illustrating the two different processes. The main contribution of this paper was an integrated business process model, illustrating how the various processes and stakeholder interactions for South African blockchain-based real estate transactions are conducted on one transaction platform, common to all participating stakeholders. This platform was named the South African Blockchain Land Exchange System (SABLES), which manages and facilitates these transactions in their entirety from start to finish. This model depicts an enhanced business process that provides increased security, transparency, and speed. These benefits will be realised by those who register, adopt, and transact on the platform. Through in-depth interviews, the integrated business process model was assessed. The findings produced a final and combined thematic map, representing the main themes of the analysed interview data, namely blockchain implementation strategies, business process applicability, information technology assimilation, current transaction context, and PropTech 3.0 success factors. The discussion revealed that the current transaction process lacks technological innovation, which increases pressure on the conveyancing role. It was also revealed that there is not only a need within the industry, but a desire, for newer technologies to assist the transaction process. In order to streamline and improve efficiency, business processes should leverage digital records and data, and strive for a solution beyond digitisation, achieving digitalisation. Digitalisation recognises digital documents as official and legal documents as opposed to simply being digital back-ups. This, coupled with the business process models, represent theoretical contributions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
AP-MOVPE growth and characterisation of GaSb/GaAs quantum dots
- Authors: Tile, Ngcali
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Quantum theory , Quantum electronics Quantum dots Semiconductors
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/36716 , vital:34047
- Description: GaSb/GaAs quantum dots (QD) were grown by atmospheric pressure (AP) metal-organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE) using triethylgallium (TEGa), tertiarybutylarsine (tBAs) and trimethylantimony (TMSb) as gallium (Ga), arsenic (As) and (Sb) sources, respectively. The effect of AP-MOVPE growth parameters on the formation of GaSb QD structures on GaAs was studied. The formation of small, coherent GaSb dots on GaAs improved with decreasing V/III ratios, which were controlled through changing either the TMSb/TEGa ratio at a constant growth temperature or changing the growth temperature at a constant TMSb/TEGa ratio. The maximum effective V/III ratio for dot formation was 0.175. The dot density was more sensitive to growth time than to source mole fraction in the reactor, since time determines the amount of deposited material. The dot density increased with increasing growth time, while the shape and size of the dots were more sensitive to the source vapour mole fraction, which controls the growth rate. Lower mole fractions resulted in smaller sized dots with a more uniform distribution compared to higher mole fractions. Dome-shaped dots with densities as high as 4×1010 cm-2, average base length of 35 nm and average height of 5 nm were achieved. Capping of GaSb QDs at high temperatures caused flattening and the formation of a thin, inhomogeneous GaSb layer inside GaAs. No obvious QD photoluminescence (PL) peak was detected for these samples. A two stage process for capping the dots (involving growth of a low temperature GaAs cap, followed by a high temperature cap) led to the retention of the dot-like features in/on a wetting layer (WL) of GaSb and distinct PL peaks for both the QDs and WL. An increase in excitation power during PL measurements for this particular sample caused the QD and WL peaks to shift to higher energies. This is attributed to electrostatic band bending, leading to triangular potential wells, typical for type II band alignment between GaAs and strained GaSb. Variable temperature PL measurements showed the decrease in the intensity of the WL peak to be faster than that of the QD peak as the measurement temperature increased. A detailed high resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis was performed to study the morphology and chemical interaction between GaAs and GaSb regions for capped GaSb/GaAs QDs. The capped dots had dimensions similar to those of uncapped dots and had a higher concentration of Sb at their center, with the periphery being intermixed with GaAs. Measurement of lattice strain performed inside these dots revealed the strain to be distributed inhomogenously throughout the dot area. The effect of GaAs host matrix on excitonic behaviour in AP-MOVPE grown GaSb/GaAs quantum dots was investigated. Room temperature (RT) PL emission was achieved from a single layer of quantum dots by controlling the GaAs host matrix growth temperature. These samples were prepared using a GaSb dot growth temperature of 530 °C, followed by growth of a thin GaAs ‘cold’ cap, before depositing the final part of the GaAs capping layer at either 550 °C, 600 °C or 650 °C. PL measurements at 10 K revealed QD emission peaks for all the samples at around 1.1 eV. However, variable temperature PL revealed different thermal quenching rates of the emission, with the rates of quenching reduced with increasing GaAs growth temperature. This was ascribed to reduced defect densities in GaAs grown at higher temperature, which resulted in QD emission even at RT. This RT emission peaked at approximately 1 eV. The hole localisation energy determined for these samples at RT was approximately 470 meV.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Tile, Ngcali
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Quantum theory , Quantum electronics Quantum dots Semiconductors
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/36716 , vital:34047
- Description: GaSb/GaAs quantum dots (QD) were grown by atmospheric pressure (AP) metal-organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE) using triethylgallium (TEGa), tertiarybutylarsine (tBAs) and trimethylantimony (TMSb) as gallium (Ga), arsenic (As) and (Sb) sources, respectively. The effect of AP-MOVPE growth parameters on the formation of GaSb QD structures on GaAs was studied. The formation of small, coherent GaSb dots on GaAs improved with decreasing V/III ratios, which were controlled through changing either the TMSb/TEGa ratio at a constant growth temperature or changing the growth temperature at a constant TMSb/TEGa ratio. The maximum effective V/III ratio for dot formation was 0.175. The dot density was more sensitive to growth time than to source mole fraction in the reactor, since time determines the amount of deposited material. The dot density increased with increasing growth time, while the shape and size of the dots were more sensitive to the source vapour mole fraction, which controls the growth rate. Lower mole fractions resulted in smaller sized dots with a more uniform distribution compared to higher mole fractions. Dome-shaped dots with densities as high as 4×1010 cm-2, average base length of 35 nm and average height of 5 nm were achieved. Capping of GaSb QDs at high temperatures caused flattening and the formation of a thin, inhomogeneous GaSb layer inside GaAs. No obvious QD photoluminescence (PL) peak was detected for these samples. A two stage process for capping the dots (involving growth of a low temperature GaAs cap, followed by a high temperature cap) led to the retention of the dot-like features in/on a wetting layer (WL) of GaSb and distinct PL peaks for both the QDs and WL. An increase in excitation power during PL measurements for this particular sample caused the QD and WL peaks to shift to higher energies. This is attributed to electrostatic band bending, leading to triangular potential wells, typical for type II band alignment between GaAs and strained GaSb. Variable temperature PL measurements showed the decrease in the intensity of the WL peak to be faster than that of the QD peak as the measurement temperature increased. A detailed high resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis was performed to study the morphology and chemical interaction between GaAs and GaSb regions for capped GaSb/GaAs QDs. The capped dots had dimensions similar to those of uncapped dots and had a higher concentration of Sb at their center, with the periphery being intermixed with GaAs. Measurement of lattice strain performed inside these dots revealed the strain to be distributed inhomogenously throughout the dot area. The effect of GaAs host matrix on excitonic behaviour in AP-MOVPE grown GaSb/GaAs quantum dots was investigated. Room temperature (RT) PL emission was achieved from a single layer of quantum dots by controlling the GaAs host matrix growth temperature. These samples were prepared using a GaSb dot growth temperature of 530 °C, followed by growth of a thin GaAs ‘cold’ cap, before depositing the final part of the GaAs capping layer at either 550 °C, 600 °C or 650 °C. PL measurements at 10 K revealed QD emission peaks for all the samples at around 1.1 eV. However, variable temperature PL revealed different thermal quenching rates of the emission, with the rates of quenching reduced with increasing GaAs growth temperature. This was ascribed to reduced defect densities in GaAs grown at higher temperature, which resulted in QD emission even at RT. This RT emission peaked at approximately 1 eV. The hole localisation energy determined for these samples at RT was approximately 470 meV.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018