Spatial and seasonal distribution patterns of juvenile and adult raggedtooth sharks (Carcharias taurus) tagged off the east coast of South Africa
- Dicken, Matthew L, Booth, Anthony J, Smale, Malcolm J, Cliff, G
- Authors: Dicken, Matthew L , Booth, Anthony J , Smale, Malcolm J , Cliff, G
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/126997 , vital:35942 , https://doi.10.1071/MF06018
- Description: Crucial to effective fisheries management is a thorough understanding of the stock structure of a population. Understanding the spatial and seasonal distribution patterns of a species is necessary to define habitat use and evaluate the potential effects of exploitation and anthropogenic activities. This is particularly important for a species such as the raggedtooth shark (Carcharias Taurus Rafinesque, 1810), whose life-history characteristics make it particularly susceptible to over-exploitation (Pollard et al. 1996; Smith et al. 1998; Compagno 2001). Exploitation, even at low levels for a slow-growing, late-maturing species that only produces two pups every other year, could reduce the population growth rate, could reduce the population growth rate to values of λ<1.0, resulting in severe population declines in a very short time period (Baum et al. 2003).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Dicken, Matthew L , Booth, Anthony J , Smale, Malcolm J , Cliff, G
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/126997 , vital:35942 , https://doi.10.1071/MF06018
- Description: Crucial to effective fisheries management is a thorough understanding of the stock structure of a population. Understanding the spatial and seasonal distribution patterns of a species is necessary to define habitat use and evaluate the potential effects of exploitation and anthropogenic activities. This is particularly important for a species such as the raggedtooth shark (Carcharias Taurus Rafinesque, 1810), whose life-history characteristics make it particularly susceptible to over-exploitation (Pollard et al. 1996; Smith et al. 1998; Compagno 2001). Exploitation, even at low levels for a slow-growing, late-maturing species that only produces two pups every other year, could reduce the population growth rate, could reduce the population growth rate to values of λ<1.0, resulting in severe population declines in a very short time period (Baum et al. 2003).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
'She travels alone and unattended’: the visit to the Eastern Cape of the botanical artist, Marianne North
- Authors: Beard, Margot
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147759 , vital:38668 , https://doi.org/10.1080/00043389.2007.11877077
- Description: The visit of the botanical artist, Marianne North, to South Africa during 1882 to 1883, although frequently referred to, has not received much close attention; nor has her account of the visit, in her ‘Recollections of a happy’ life, been set against the actual conditions she would have encountered. This paper attempts to flesh out at least part of that visit, specifically the weeks she spent in the Eastern Cape Colony and, more particularly, her visits to Port Elizabeth, Grahamstown and Port Alfred. What were these three centres like at the time? Who were the people she mentions? Where did she stay? How do her observations tally with other accounts of the period?.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Beard, Margot
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147759 , vital:38668 , https://doi.org/10.1080/00043389.2007.11877077
- Description: The visit of the botanical artist, Marianne North, to South Africa during 1882 to 1883, although frequently referred to, has not received much close attention; nor has her account of the visit, in her ‘Recollections of a happy’ life, been set against the actual conditions she would have encountered. This paper attempts to flesh out at least part of that visit, specifically the weeks she spent in the Eastern Cape Colony and, more particularly, her visits to Port Elizabeth, Grahamstown and Port Alfred. What were these three centres like at the time? Who were the people she mentions? Where did she stay? How do her observations tally with other accounts of the period?.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Spatial patterns in the biology of the chokka squid, Loligo reynaudii on the Agulhas Bank, South Africa
- Olyott, L J H, Sauer, Warwick H H, Booth, Anthony J
- Authors: Olyott, L J H , Sauer, Warwick H H , Booth, Anthony J
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/127053 , vital:35947 , https://doi.10.1007/s11160-006-9027-5
- Description: Although migration patterns for various life history stages of the chokka squid (Loligo reynaudii) have been previously presented, there has been limited comparison of spatial variation in biological parameters. Based on data from research surveys; size ranges of juveniles, subadults and adults on the Agulhas Bank were estimated and presented spatially. The bulk of the results appear to largely support the current acceptance of the life cycle with an annual pattern of squid hatching in the east, migrating westwards to offshore feeding grounds on the Central and Western Agulhas Bank and the west coast and subsequent return migration to the eastern inshore areas to spawn. The number of adult animals in deeper water, particularly in autumn in the central study area probably represents squid spawning in deeper waters and over a greater area than is currently targeted by the fishery. The distribution of life history stages and different feeding areas does not rule out the possibility that discrete populations of L. reynaudii with different biological characteristics inhabit the western and eastern regions of the Agulhas Bank. In this hypothesis, some mixing of the populations does occur but generally squid from the western Agulhas Bank may occur in smaller numbers, grow more slowly and mature at a larger size. Spawning occurs on the western portion of the Agulhas Bank, and juveniles grow and mature on the west coast and the central Agulhas Bank. Future research requirements include the elucidation of the age structure of chokka squid both spatially and temporally, and a comparison of the statolith chemistry and genetic characterization between adults from different spawning areas across the Agulhas Bank.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Olyott, L J H , Sauer, Warwick H H , Booth, Anthony J
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/127053 , vital:35947 , https://doi.10.1007/s11160-006-9027-5
- Description: Although migration patterns for various life history stages of the chokka squid (Loligo reynaudii) have been previously presented, there has been limited comparison of spatial variation in biological parameters. Based on data from research surveys; size ranges of juveniles, subadults and adults on the Agulhas Bank were estimated and presented spatially. The bulk of the results appear to largely support the current acceptance of the life cycle with an annual pattern of squid hatching in the east, migrating westwards to offshore feeding grounds on the Central and Western Agulhas Bank and the west coast and subsequent return migration to the eastern inshore areas to spawn. The number of adult animals in deeper water, particularly in autumn in the central study area probably represents squid spawning in deeper waters and over a greater area than is currently targeted by the fishery. The distribution of life history stages and different feeding areas does not rule out the possibility that discrete populations of L. reynaudii with different biological characteristics inhabit the western and eastern regions of the Agulhas Bank. In this hypothesis, some mixing of the populations does occur but generally squid from the western Agulhas Bank may occur in smaller numbers, grow more slowly and mature at a larger size. Spawning occurs on the western portion of the Agulhas Bank, and juveniles grow and mature on the west coast and the central Agulhas Bank. Future research requirements include the elucidation of the age structure of chokka squid both spatially and temporally, and a comparison of the statolith chemistry and genetic characterization between adults from different spawning areas across the Agulhas Bank.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
Using the tutorial system to improve the quality of feedback to students in large class teaching
- Snowball, Jeanette D, Sayigh, E
- Authors: Snowball, Jeanette D , Sayigh, E
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70848 , vital:29752
- Description: In many universities, economics teachers now face the challenge of dealing with large, diverse classes, especially at undergraduate level. A common concern is the non-attendance at lectures of unmotivated (conscript) students. This paper presents the results of a student assessment of a macroeconomics 1 course, coupled with a self-assessment of their own input into the course. The results obtained, using an econometric model, suggest that what students do outside of lectures is equally, or more, important than lecture attendance itself. The paper concludes by examining the possibility of using peer assessed group learning as a feasible way to encourage deep learning in large classes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Snowball, Jeanette D , Sayigh, E
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70848 , vital:29752
- Description: In many universities, economics teachers now face the challenge of dealing with large, diverse classes, especially at undergraduate level. A common concern is the non-attendance at lectures of unmotivated (conscript) students. This paper presents the results of a student assessment of a macroeconomics 1 course, coupled with a self-assessment of their own input into the course. The results obtained, using an econometric model, suggest that what students do outside of lectures is equally, or more, important than lecture attendance itself. The paper concludes by examining the possibility of using peer assessed group learning as a feasible way to encourage deep learning in large classes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
Factors influencing prices of medicinal plants traded in the Lowveld, South Africa
- Botha, Jenny, Witkowski, Ed T F, Shackleton, Charlie M
- Authors: Botha, Jenny , Witkowski, Ed T F , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181257 , vital:43713 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13504500709469745"
- Description: There has been limited research into pricing and consumer behaviour in the informal sector, an understanding of which is critical to effective management of extensively traded wildlife resources. This paper explores factors influencing prices of wild-collected medicinal plants traded in the Lowveld, South Africa. Resource management decisions relating to medicinal plants are often based on the high price/kg values of certain species, and the assumption that there is an inverse relationship between the availability of products and prices. Despite the high-utility value of these plants, subsistence consumers have historically paid low prices for products. In this study, price/kg fluctuated widely, as did market players' perceptions of species availability and consumer demand. Unit prices were low, with a few exceptions. There was no relationship between prices and perceptions of species availability. No relationship was found between prices and consumer demand in one study area, although there was a non-significant relationship in the other. The size of products was the main determinant of price. Consumers were prepared to pay higher prices for certain species, e.g.those used to treat children, those considered highly dangerous (culturally) to collect, or those used for anti-social purposes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Botha, Jenny , Witkowski, Ed T F , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181257 , vital:43713 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13504500709469745"
- Description: There has been limited research into pricing and consumer behaviour in the informal sector, an understanding of which is critical to effective management of extensively traded wildlife resources. This paper explores factors influencing prices of wild-collected medicinal plants traded in the Lowveld, South Africa. Resource management decisions relating to medicinal plants are often based on the high price/kg values of certain species, and the assumption that there is an inverse relationship between the availability of products and prices. Despite the high-utility value of these plants, subsistence consumers have historically paid low prices for products. In this study, price/kg fluctuated widely, as did market players' perceptions of species availability and consumer demand. Unit prices were low, with a few exceptions. There was no relationship between prices and perceptions of species availability. No relationship was found between prices and consumer demand in one study area, although there was a non-significant relationship in the other. The size of products was the main determinant of price. Consumers were prepared to pay higher prices for certain species, e.g.those used to treat children, those considered highly dangerous (culturally) to collect, or those used for anti-social purposes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
Synthesis, photophysical and photochemical studies of new water-soluble indium (III) phthalocyanines
- Durmus, Mahmut, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Durmus, Mahmut , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/283976 , vital:56007 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1039/b618478b"
- Description: The preparation of water-soluble indium(III)phthalocyanine complexes is described for the first time in this study. Peripherally and non-peripherally 3-hydroxypyridine tetrasubstituted indium(III) phthalocyanines (5a, 6a) and their quaternarized derivatives (5b, 6b) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR spectroscopy, electronic spectroscopy and mass spectra. The quaternarized compounds (5b, 6b) show excellent solubility in water, which makes them potential photosensitizers for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications. Photochemical and photophysical measurements were conducted on 3-pyridyloxy appended indium(III) phthalocyanines in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) for non-ionic (5b, 6b) derivatives. General trends are described for quantum yields of photodegradation, fluorescence lifetimes, fluorescence quantum yields, triplet lifetimes and triplet quantum yields as well as singlet oxygen quantum yields of these compounds. The singlet oxygen quantum yields (ΦΔ), which give an indication of the potential of the complexes as photosensitizers in applications where singlet oxygen is required (Type II mechanism) are very high (ΦΔ > 0.55). Thus, these complexes may be useful as Type II photosensitizers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
Synthesis, photophysical and photochemical studies of new water-soluble indium (III) phthalocyanines
- Authors: Durmus, Mahmut , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/283976 , vital:56007 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1039/b618478b"
- Description: The preparation of water-soluble indium(III)phthalocyanine complexes is described for the first time in this study. Peripherally and non-peripherally 3-hydroxypyridine tetrasubstituted indium(III) phthalocyanines (5a, 6a) and their quaternarized derivatives (5b, 6b) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR spectroscopy, electronic spectroscopy and mass spectra. The quaternarized compounds (5b, 6b) show excellent solubility in water, which makes them potential photosensitizers for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications. Photochemical and photophysical measurements were conducted on 3-pyridyloxy appended indium(III) phthalocyanines in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) for non-ionic (5b, 6b) derivatives. General trends are described for quantum yields of photodegradation, fluorescence lifetimes, fluorescence quantum yields, triplet lifetimes and triplet quantum yields as well as singlet oxygen quantum yields of these compounds. The singlet oxygen quantum yields (ΦΔ), which give an indication of the potential of the complexes as photosensitizers in applications where singlet oxygen is required (Type II mechanism) are very high (ΦΔ > 0.55). Thus, these complexes may be useful as Type II photosensitizers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
Towards continental transformation: understanding sustainable peace agreements in Africa
- Authors: Bischoff, Paul, 1954-
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/161409 , vital:40624 , https://0-hdl.handle.net.wam.seals.ac.za/10520/EJC15983
- Description: There are social and political questions to be asked about the new continent-wide institutions in and around what is still a young African Union (AU). These include questions such as whether the AU and its institutions can be built in ways that will allow this body to transform Africa's international relations, and how this is to be done. What are the norms and values that will inform this change and the African renewal promoted by the AU? Is the multilateral architecture of the AU able to encourage democracy and people-centredness, for instance? Will it, in the end, be able to deliver on the hoped-for "pan-African transnational democratic revolution"?.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Bischoff, Paul, 1954-
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/161409 , vital:40624 , https://0-hdl.handle.net.wam.seals.ac.za/10520/EJC15983
- Description: There are social and political questions to be asked about the new continent-wide institutions in and around what is still a young African Union (AU). These include questions such as whether the AU and its institutions can be built in ways that will allow this body to transform Africa's international relations, and how this is to be done. What are the norms and values that will inform this change and the African renewal promoted by the AU? Is the multilateral architecture of the AU able to encourage democracy and people-centredness, for instance? Will it, in the end, be able to deliver on the hoped-for "pan-African transnational democratic revolution"?.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
Problematising race for journalists: critical reflections on the South African Human Rights Commission Inquiry into media racism
- Authors: Berger, Guy
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147913 , vital:38684 , DOI: 10.1080/02560240185310081
- Description: How journalists report race and racism was at the centre of the South African Human Rights Commission (SAHRC) Inquiry into racism in the media. A critical analysis of the conceptual assumptions in the Inquiry's Final Report, however, reveals serious limitations to the enterprise. In particular the flawed conceptualisations, plus the generalised character of the findings are of little help in assisting the momentum of eradicating racism in South African media, and for linking race transformation to issues of class, gender, sexual orientation and xenophobia. This article identifies the problems as race essentialism and a relativism about what constitutes racism. It argues instead that journalists need the concept of racialisation in order to change their reporting. The argument upholds the desired role of the South African media as one that contributes to a non-racial, as opposed to a multi-racial, society.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Berger, Guy
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147913 , vital:38684 , DOI: 10.1080/02560240185310081
- Description: How journalists report race and racism was at the centre of the South African Human Rights Commission (SAHRC) Inquiry into racism in the media. A critical analysis of the conceptual assumptions in the Inquiry's Final Report, however, reveals serious limitations to the enterprise. In particular the flawed conceptualisations, plus the generalised character of the findings are of little help in assisting the momentum of eradicating racism in South African media, and for linking race transformation to issues of class, gender, sexual orientation and xenophobia. This article identifies the problems as race essentialism and a relativism about what constitutes racism. It argues instead that journalists need the concept of racialisation in order to change their reporting. The argument upholds the desired role of the South African media as one that contributes to a non-racial, as opposed to a multi-racial, society.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
Transforming the media: a cultural approach
- Authors: Steenveld, Lynette N
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147891 , vital:38682 , DOI: 10.1080/02560240485310061
- Description: The change from an Apartheid state to a liberal democratic one has wrought many changes at all levels of South African society: the economic, social, political, cultural. This paper explores the impacts of these changes on the South African print media industry, with a view to assessing their contribution to the development of a democratic citizenship. While acknowledging the constraining effects of economic structures of ownership, the paper locates these within the broader social and political context of post-apartheid South Africa. It thus attempts to synthesise elements of both a political economy and cultural approach to the analysis of cultural production.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Steenveld, Lynette N
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147891 , vital:38682 , DOI: 10.1080/02560240485310061
- Description: The change from an Apartheid state to a liberal democratic one has wrought many changes at all levels of South African society: the economic, social, political, cultural. This paper explores the impacts of these changes on the South African print media industry, with a view to assessing their contribution to the development of a democratic citizenship. While acknowledging the constraining effects of economic structures of ownership, the paper locates these within the broader social and political context of post-apartheid South Africa. It thus attempts to synthesise elements of both a political economy and cultural approach to the analysis of cultural production.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
Giving children a voice:
- Authors: Prinsloo, Jeanne
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159277 , vital:40283 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC144676
- Description: It was in Johannesburg, South Africa, that the fifth World Summit on Media and Children took place from 24 to 27 March - a great jamboree where a thousand or so delegates from around 86 countries congregated together with 300 young people between the ages of 13 and 16.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Prinsloo, Jeanne
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159277 , vital:40283 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC144676
- Description: It was in Johannesburg, South Africa, that the fifth World Summit on Media and Children took place from 24 to 27 March - a great jamboree where a thousand or so delegates from around 86 countries congregated together with 300 young people between the ages of 13 and 16.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
Negotiating the Good Life
- Authors: Tabensky, Pedro
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/305688 , vital:58604 , xlink:href="http://10.1007/s10677-006-9030-x"
- Description: Book Review: Mark A. Young asks: “Is there a problem with community in America?” (p. 1). Agreeing with Robert Putnam’s views, embodied in Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community (New York: Touchstone Press, 2000), regarding the breakdown of communal values in the US, but not with his nostalgic recommendations regarding the ‘good old days’ of univocal homogenous communities, Young proposes an alternative solution to Putnam’s, starting from Aristotle’s sophisticated account of the self/community relation and drawing important insights from Alasdair MacIntyre, Charles Taylor, Amitai Etzione, Paul Ricoeur, Michael Sandel and especially Hannah Arendt.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Tabensky, Pedro
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/305688 , vital:58604 , xlink:href="http://10.1007/s10677-006-9030-x"
- Description: Book Review: Mark A. Young asks: “Is there a problem with community in America?” (p. 1). Agreeing with Robert Putnam’s views, embodied in Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community (New York: Touchstone Press, 2000), regarding the breakdown of communal values in the US, but not with his nostalgic recommendations regarding the ‘good old days’ of univocal homogenous communities, Young proposes an alternative solution to Putnam’s, starting from Aristotle’s sophisticated account of the self/community relation and drawing important insights from Alasdair MacIntyre, Charles Taylor, Amitai Etzione, Paul Ricoeur, Michael Sandel and especially Hannah Arendt.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
Exploring the options for fuelwood policies to support poverty alleviation policies: Evolving dimensions in South Africa
- Shackleton, Charlie M, Buiten, Erik, Annecke, W, Banks, D, Bester, J, Everson, T, Fabricius, Christo, Ham, C, Kees, M, Modise, M, Phago, M, Prasad, Gisela, Twine, Wayne, Underwood, Michael, von Maltitz, Graham, Wentzel, P
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , Buiten, Erik , Annecke, W , Banks, D , Bester, J , Everson, T , Fabricius, Christo , Ham, C , Kees, M , Modise, M , Phago, M , Prasad, Gisela , Twine, Wayne , Underwood, Michael , von Maltitz, Graham , Wentzel, P
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181213 , vital:43709 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2007.9752604"
- Description: Access to secure and affordable energy supplies is widely acknowledged as a critical foundation for sustainable development; inadequate access exacerbates household poverty. In the developing world poor households are frequently reliant upon fuel wood for all or most of their energy needs. However, national poverty alleviation policies commonly do not consider fuelwood within their strategies, and similarly, energy policies rarely consider the poverty alleviation potential of a comprehensive fuelwood strategy. Consequently, synergies between poverty alleviation and energy policies—with fuelwood (and its derivates) as the bridge—are needed. This paper discusses this potential using South Africa as a case example. The current policy environment that either favours or hinders a linkage between the poverty and energy sectors and policy options and strategies available to develop such links, are discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , Buiten, Erik , Annecke, W , Banks, D , Bester, J , Everson, T , Fabricius, Christo , Ham, C , Kees, M , Modise, M , Phago, M , Prasad, Gisela , Twine, Wayne , Underwood, Michael , von Maltitz, Graham , Wentzel, P
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181213 , vital:43709 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2007.9752604"
- Description: Access to secure and affordable energy supplies is widely acknowledged as a critical foundation for sustainable development; inadequate access exacerbates household poverty. In the developing world poor households are frequently reliant upon fuel wood for all or most of their energy needs. However, national poverty alleviation policies commonly do not consider fuelwood within their strategies, and similarly, energy policies rarely consider the poverty alleviation potential of a comprehensive fuelwood strategy. Consequently, synergies between poverty alleviation and energy policies—with fuelwood (and its derivates) as the bridge—are needed. This paper discusses this potential using South Africa as a case example. The current policy environment that either favours or hinders a linkage between the poverty and energy sectors and policy options and strategies available to develop such links, are discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
Cognitive pharmaceutical services and the community pharmacist: are South African patients receiving them and are they willing to pay?
- Hill, Peter W, Dowse, Roslind
- Authors: Hill, Peter W , Dowse, Roslind
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/156829 , vital:40054 , DOI 10.1211/ijpp.15.2.0007
- Description: The objectives of this study were to ascertain the opinions of randomly selected South African medical aid members regarding the provision by community pharmacists of patient counselling and information; member satisfaction with pharmacist services; their rating of pharmacist accessibility; and if pharmacists should be reimbursed for providing cognitive pharmaceutical services. Setting A South African private healthcare insurance company.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Hill, Peter W , Dowse, Roslind
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/156829 , vital:40054 , DOI 10.1211/ijpp.15.2.0007
- Description: The objectives of this study were to ascertain the opinions of randomly selected South African medical aid members regarding the provision by community pharmacists of patient counselling and information; member satisfaction with pharmacist services; their rating of pharmacist accessibility; and if pharmacists should be reimbursed for providing cognitive pharmaceutical services. Setting A South African private healthcare insurance company.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Education is a spring … it bubbles:
- Authors: Berger, Guy
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159288 , vital:40284 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC144678
- Description: Asians, Americans, Australians. A handful of Africans and a couple of Arabs. A sprinkling of Canadians, Mexicans, Finns. An Israeli, a Chilean and quite a few others. In total, 450 people from some 50 countries. In common: they're all lecturers and trainers. Busy swopping notes in Singapore at the first-ever World Journalism Education Congress (WJEC) in July. It's a resource-rich pool of ideas and experiences.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Berger, Guy
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159288 , vital:40284 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC144678
- Description: Asians, Americans, Australians. A handful of Africans and a couple of Arabs. A sprinkling of Canadians, Mexicans, Finns. An Israeli, a Chilean and quite a few others. In total, 450 people from some 50 countries. In common: they're all lecturers and trainers. Busy swopping notes in Singapore at the first-ever World Journalism Education Congress (WJEC) in July. It's a resource-rich pool of ideas and experiences.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
Photochemistry, photophysics and nonlinear optical parameters of phenoxy and tert-butylphenoxy substituted indium (III) phthalocyanines
- Chauke, Vongani, Durmus, Mahmut, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Chauke, Vongani , Durmus, Mahmut , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/268787 , vital:54232 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2007.05.022"
- Description: This work hereby presents the syntheses, photochemistry and photophysics of octaphenoxy ((Cl)InOPPc) and octakis(4-tert-butylphenoxy)chloroindium ((Cl)InOTBPPc) phthalocyanines. Calculated nonlinear parameters of these complexes are compared with those of the corresponding GaPc derivatives and tetrasubstituted GaPc and InPc complexes. Fluorescence quantum yields do not vary much between (Cl)InOPPc and (Cl)InOTBPPc complexes in different solvents. High quantum yields of triplet state (ΦT ranging from 0.70 to 0.91 in dimethysulphoxide, DMSO) and singlet oxygen generation (ΦΔ, ranging from 0.61 to 0.79 in DMSO) were obtained. Short triplet lifetimes 50–60 μs were obtained in DMSO). The optical limiting threshold intensity (Ilim) for the InPc derivatives were calculated and compared with those of corresponding tetrasubstituted InPc and GaPc complexes. The latter were found to be better optical limiters.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Chauke, Vongani , Durmus, Mahmut , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/268787 , vital:54232 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2007.05.022"
- Description: This work hereby presents the syntheses, photochemistry and photophysics of octaphenoxy ((Cl)InOPPc) and octakis(4-tert-butylphenoxy)chloroindium ((Cl)InOTBPPc) phthalocyanines. Calculated nonlinear parameters of these complexes are compared with those of the corresponding GaPc derivatives and tetrasubstituted GaPc and InPc complexes. Fluorescence quantum yields do not vary much between (Cl)InOPPc and (Cl)InOTBPPc complexes in different solvents. High quantum yields of triplet state (ΦT ranging from 0.70 to 0.91 in dimethysulphoxide, DMSO) and singlet oxygen generation (ΦΔ, ranging from 0.61 to 0.79 in DMSO) were obtained. Short triplet lifetimes 50–60 μs were obtained in DMSO). The optical limiting threshold intensity (Ilim) for the InPc derivatives were calculated and compared with those of corresponding tetrasubstituted InPc and GaPc complexes. The latter were found to be better optical limiters.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
Language policy and planning: general constraints and pressures
- Authors: Wright, Laurence
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: vital:7043 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007385
- Description: preprint , The general idea of language policy and planning is easily expressed. Christopher Brumfit, for one, defines language planning as “The attempt to control the use, status, and structure of a language through a language policy developed by a government or other authority” (see the Oxford Companion to the English Language). The Random House Dictionary of the English Language concurs, but adds some detail: language planning is “the development of policies or programmes designed to direct or change language use, as through the establishment of an official language, the standardization or modernization of a language, or the development or alteration of a writing system”. Such definitions could easily be multiplied, and they differ only slightly in nuance and depth.Language Policy is the formal, often legally entrenched, expression of language planning.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Wright, Laurence
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: vital:7043 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007385
- Description: preprint , The general idea of language policy and planning is easily expressed. Christopher Brumfit, for one, defines language planning as “The attempt to control the use, status, and structure of a language through a language policy developed by a government or other authority” (see the Oxford Companion to the English Language). The Random House Dictionary of the English Language concurs, but adds some detail: language planning is “the development of policies or programmes designed to direct or change language use, as through the establishment of an official language, the standardization or modernization of a language, or the development or alteration of a writing system”. Such definitions could easily be multiplied, and they differ only slightly in nuance and depth.Language Policy is the formal, often legally entrenched, expression of language planning.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
Electrocatalytic oxidation of nitrite by tetra-substituted oxotitanium (IV) phthalocyanines adsorbed or polymerised on glassy carbon electrode
- Tau, Prudence, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Tau, Prudence , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/268762 , vital:54230 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2007.07.019"
- Description: Comparative electrocatalytic oxidation of nitrite by tetra aryloxy-substituted oxotitanium(IV) and tetraamino phthalocyanine complexes is investigated in this work. The aryloxy complexes are substituted at the peripheral (4) and non-peripheral (5) positions with phenoxy (complexes a), 4-tert-butylphenoxy (complexes b), benzyloxy (complexes c) and 4-(benzyloxy)phenoxy (complexes d) groups. The glassy carbon electrode was employed and modified with the tetra aryloxy-substituted titanium phthalocyanine complexes (4 and 5) by adsorption, and with titanium tetraamino phthalocyanine (TiTAPc) by polymerisation. All complexes reduced the overpotential of the nitrite electrooxidation as well as enhanced the catalytic current by a 2 electron process.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Tau, Prudence , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/268762 , vital:54230 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2007.07.019"
- Description: Comparative electrocatalytic oxidation of nitrite by tetra aryloxy-substituted oxotitanium(IV) and tetraamino phthalocyanine complexes is investigated in this work. The aryloxy complexes are substituted at the peripheral (4) and non-peripheral (5) positions with phenoxy (complexes a), 4-tert-butylphenoxy (complexes b), benzyloxy (complexes c) and 4-(benzyloxy)phenoxy (complexes d) groups. The glassy carbon electrode was employed and modified with the tetra aryloxy-substituted titanium phthalocyanine complexes (4 and 5) by adsorption, and with titanium tetraamino phthalocyanine (TiTAPc) by polymerisation. All complexes reduced the overpotential of the nitrite electrooxidation as well as enhanced the catalytic current by a 2 electron process.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
Identity in the Siyagruva Series of novels: Toward an intercultural
- Authors: Kaschula, Russell H
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/175159 , vital:42548 , DOI: 10.4314/tvl.v44i2.29792
- Description: This article explores the notion of changing South African youth identity and how it is depicted in the Siyagruva [We are Grooving] Series of novels for young adults. The article highlights the need for a broadening of literary theory in order to include an appropriate theoretical approach for new South African youth literature. This theory explores intercultural literary discourse by making use of, for example, the work of intercultural theorists such as Ting-Toomey (1999), Gudykunst (2003) and others. It is argued that this form of literary discourse is now appropriate as a theoretical paradigm within multilingual South Africa where intercultural communication is becoming a reality. There is also reference to intracultural communication where differences are beginning to appear between young people who are perceived to come from the same cultural group, for example, the character Brunette in the Siyagruva Series who is perceived as a “coconut” by her friends, and thus finds herself having to justify her belonging within a particular in-group or culture. The article concentrates on selected novels, though reference is made to many of the twenty three published novels in the Siyagruva Series, twenty in English, and three translated into isiXhosa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Kaschula, Russell H
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/175159 , vital:42548 , DOI: 10.4314/tvl.v44i2.29792
- Description: This article explores the notion of changing South African youth identity and how it is depicted in the Siyagruva [We are Grooving] Series of novels for young adults. The article highlights the need for a broadening of literary theory in order to include an appropriate theoretical approach for new South African youth literature. This theory explores intercultural literary discourse by making use of, for example, the work of intercultural theorists such as Ting-Toomey (1999), Gudykunst (2003) and others. It is argued that this form of literary discourse is now appropriate as a theoretical paradigm within multilingual South Africa where intercultural communication is becoming a reality. There is also reference to intracultural communication where differences are beginning to appear between young people who are perceived to come from the same cultural group, for example, the character Brunette in the Siyagruva Series who is perceived as a “coconut” by her friends, and thus finds herself having to justify her belonging within a particular in-group or culture. The article concentrates on selected novels, though reference is made to many of the twenty three published novels in the Siyagruva Series, twenty in English, and three translated into isiXhosa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
Treatment of wine distillery wastewater by high rate anaerobic digestion
- Melamane, Xolisa L, Tandlich, Roman, Burgess, Jo E
- Authors: Melamane, Xolisa L , Tandlich, Roman , Burgess, Jo E
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/75896 , vital:30480 , https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.466
- Description: Wine distillery wastewaters (WDW) are acidic and have a high content of potential organic pollutants. This causes high chemical oxygen demand (COD) values. Polyphenols constitute a significant portion of this COD, and limit the efficiency of biological treatment of WDWs. WDW starting parameters were as follows: pH 3.83, 4,185 mg/l soluble COD (CODs) and 674.6 mg/l of phenols. During operation, amendments of CaCO3 and K2HPO4, individually or in combination, were required for buffering the digester.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Melamane, Xolisa L , Tandlich, Roman , Burgess, Jo E
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/75896 , vital:30480 , https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.466
- Description: Wine distillery wastewaters (WDW) are acidic and have a high content of potential organic pollutants. This causes high chemical oxygen demand (COD) values. Polyphenols constitute a significant portion of this COD, and limit the efficiency of biological treatment of WDWs. WDW starting parameters were as follows: pH 3.83, 4,185 mg/l soluble COD (CODs) and 674.6 mg/l of phenols. During operation, amendments of CaCO3 and K2HPO4, individually or in combination, were required for buffering the digester.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2007
Assessing the effects of invasive alien species on rural livelihoods: Case examples and a framework from South Africa
- Shackleton, Charlie M, McGarry, Dylan K, Fourie, Saskia, Gambiza, James, Shackleton, Sheona E, Fabricius, Christo
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , McGarry, Dylan K , Fourie, Saskia , Gambiza, James , Shackleton, Sheona E , Fabricius, Christo
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181279 , vital:43715 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-006-9095-0"
- Description: The detrimental impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) on ecosystem goods and services and local and regional economies are well documented. However, the use of IAS by rural communities is little understood, and rarely factored into IAS control programmes. Understanding the use of IAS by rural communities and factoring these into cost-benefit models is complex, depending upon a range of local-level attributes such as the time since invasion, abundance, and local-level costs and benefits. This paper reports on two case studies examining the role of IAS in rural livelihoods in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. In both cases, rural communities made widespread consumptive use of the IAS and generally would prefer higher densities, except in certain key localities. Several households traded in IAS products to generate supplementary income. We present a conceptual framework to guide interpretation of these and future case studies, considering attributes such as time since invasion, the competitiveness of the species, and the relative costs and benefits.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , McGarry, Dylan K , Fourie, Saskia , Gambiza, James , Shackleton, Sheona E , Fabricius, Christo
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181279 , vital:43715 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-006-9095-0"
- Description: The detrimental impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) on ecosystem goods and services and local and regional economies are well documented. However, the use of IAS by rural communities is little understood, and rarely factored into IAS control programmes. Understanding the use of IAS by rural communities and factoring these into cost-benefit models is complex, depending upon a range of local-level attributes such as the time since invasion, abundance, and local-level costs and benefits. This paper reports on two case studies examining the role of IAS in rural livelihoods in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. In both cases, rural communities made widespread consumptive use of the IAS and generally would prefer higher densities, except in certain key localities. Several households traded in IAS products to generate supplementary income. We present a conceptual framework to guide interpretation of these and future case studies, considering attributes such as time since invasion, the competitiveness of the species, and the relative costs and benefits.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007