https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index en-us 5 https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:16206 Wed 12 May 2021 23:49:48 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11816 Wed 12 May 2021 23:42:43 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11789 Wed 12 May 2021 23:15:31 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11510 Wed 12 May 2021 22:57:43 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:16164 Wed 12 May 2021 22:57:09 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11631 Wed 12 May 2021 22:50:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11097 Wed 12 May 2021 22:44:48 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11419 Wed 12 May 2021 21:04:10 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11817 Wed 12 May 2021 21:01:56 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11544 Wed 12 May 2021 21:00:28 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11622 Wed 12 May 2021 20:32:57 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11131 Wed 12 May 2021 20:18:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11179 Wed 12 May 2021 20:15:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11315 Wed 12 May 2021 19:59:52 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11390 Wed 12 May 2021 19:54:55 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11788 Wed 12 May 2021 19:43:06 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11627 Wed 12 May 2021 19:17:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11507 Wed 12 May 2021 19:10:10 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11523 Wed 12 May 2021 18:41:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11380 Wed 12 May 2021 18:33:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11457 Wed 12 May 2021 18:18:25 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11867 Wed 12 May 2021 18:14:32 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11545 Wed 12 May 2021 17:38:19 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11812 Wed 12 May 2021 17:34:28 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11420 Wed 12 May 2021 17:34:26 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11156 Wed 12 May 2021 16:48:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11243 Wed 12 May 2021 16:46:52 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11639 Wed 12 May 2021 16:37:25 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11363 Wed 12 May 2021 16:37:12 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11386 Wed 12 May 2021 16:33:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11257 Wed 12 May 2021 16:28:51 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11618 Wed 12 May 2021 16:26:18 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11790 Wed 12 May 2021 16:25:33 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11362 Wed 12 May 2021 16:12:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11643 Wed 12 May 2021 15:59:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11244 Wed 12 May 2021 15:49:45 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11511 Thu 13 May 2021 10:04:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11173 Thu 13 May 2021 08:54:55 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11777 Thu 13 May 2021 07:23:36 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11939 Thu 13 May 2021 06:31:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11809 Thu 13 May 2021 06:30:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11128 Thu 13 May 2021 06:16:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11133 Thu 13 May 2021 05:53:04 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11537 Thu 13 May 2021 05:26:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11456 Thu 13 May 2021 04:57:24 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11126 Thu 13 May 2021 04:34:38 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11625 Thu 13 May 2021 04:20:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11391 Thu 13 May 2021 03:57:24 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11590 Thu 13 May 2021 03:52:25 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11508 Thu 13 May 2021 03:45:28 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11854 Thu 13 May 2021 03:42:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11252 0.05). In HIV-negative diarrhoea patients, prevalence was highest in the 18-30 (mean age 23.2 yr) (87.5 percent) and least (35.7 percent) in those aged 83-95 (mean age 88.8 yr) (P > 0.05). Cryptosporidium antigen was higher in females than in males. Of 115 females (mean age 46.7yr) who participated in the study, antigen was detected in 90 (78.2 percent) against 32 (71.1 percent) of 45 males (mean age 42.6yr). None of the 20 apparently healthy control subjects was found to be infected with Cryptosporidium. Cryptosporidium was detected in 27 HIV-positive and 97 HIV-negative diarrhoea patients by any one of the techniques. Antigen detection by ELISA 14 showed the highest positivity 96 (76.8 percent) in HIV- negative and 26 (74.3 percent) in HIV- positive diarrhoea patients. PCR detected eighty-nine (71.2 percent) cases in HIV-negative and 23 (65.7 percent) in HIV-positive patients with diarrhoea. Only 13 (37.1 percent) HIV-positive and 34 (27.2 percent) HIV-negative diarrhoea patients were found positive for Cryptosporidium by modified ZN. No significant difference was observed in sensitivity of antigen detection by ELISA and PCR (96.9 percent) in HIV-negative diarrhoea patients, respectively. Specificity of the staining technique was 88.9 percent in HIV-positive and 96.6 percent in HIV-negative diarrhoea patients. No significant difference was found in specificity of antigen detection by ELISA and PCR in HIV-positive and HIV-negative diarrhoea patients, respectively. Positive predictive value of ZN staining in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative diarrhoea patients (92.3 and 96.9 percent) was statistically higher than ELISA and PCR. No significant difference was observed in negative predictive value of ZN technique for detection of Cryptosporidium between HIV-positive and HIV- negative diarrhoea patients. Differences found in prevalence rates due to water source, suggest that the high infection rates of specific groups are associated with their exposure to the contaminated water supply. The results indicate that Cryptosporidium infection is highly prevalent in adult faecal specimens in the Nkonkobe Municipality, an indication of active infection that is likely to emerge as major human pathogen in this location due to socioeconomic changes which favour transmission. However, sequencing analysis is required to differentiate between Cryptosporidium genotypes in the various outbreaks]]> Thu 13 May 2021 03:33:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11779 Thu 13 May 2021 02:47:52 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11262 .05). Interestingly, H pylori antigen was detected more often (100 percent) in the high socioeconomic group than in those of low socioeconomic group (85.9 percent). Sixteen (66.7 percent) of twenty four faecal samples that had previously tested positive for the organism by HpSA test were confirmed positive by PCR. However none of the treated tap water samples tested positive for the organism by PCR. The present iii study revealed a high prevalence of H. pylori in faecal samples of asymptomatic individuals in the Nkonkobe Municipality, an indication of active infection. The obtained results also revealed that direct treated tap water might not be playing a crucial role in the oral transmission of H. pylori in the studied population.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 01:42:38 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11621 Thu 13 May 2021 01:38:18 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11502 Thu 13 May 2021 01:38:09 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11638 Thu 13 May 2021 01:16:33 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11616 Thu 13 May 2021 01:11:44 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11159 Thu 13 May 2021 01:00:57 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11430 Thu 13 May 2021 00:59:20 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11172 Thu 13 May 2021 00:54:00 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:16158 Thu 13 May 2021 00:04:30 SAST ]]>