https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index en-us 5 https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34262 0.05) conception rate following oestrous synchronisation and timed artificial insemination. However, conception rate was not independent (P < 0.05) of provinces, body condition score and body frame size. Cows in KwaZulu-Natal (66 percent) had significantly higher (P < 0.05) conception rates than those in Limpopo (44 percent) and Mpumalanga (60 percent). Cows of body condition score of ≥ 3.5 (72 percent) had a significantly higher (P < 0.05) conception rate than those of body condition score of ≤ 2.5 (66 percent) and 3 (48 percent). Large (82 percent) framed cows had a significantly higher (P < 0.05) conception rate than small (49 percent) and medium (55 percent) framed cows. Cows in Mpumalanga had more chances to conceive than those of Limpopo and KwaZulu-Natal with odds ratio of 0.605 and 0.863, respectively. Cows in KwaZulu-Natal were in much better body conditions than those from the other two provinces. Cows of body condition score of ≥ 3.5 had more chances to conceive than those of body condition score of ≤ 2.5 and 3 with odds ratio of 0.592 and 0.388, respectively, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). The study recorded a 100 percent calf survival rate following synchronisation and timed artificial insemination. The breed type, parity, age frame size and lactation status did not significantly influence calving response following oestrous synchronisation and timed artificial insemination (P > 0.05). However, calving rate was not independent of provinces, districts and body condition score (P < 0.05). Calving rate in Mpumalanga (58 percent) and KwaZulu-Natal (54 percent) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that recorded in Limpopo Province (36 percent). Calving rate of Gert Sibande (61 percent) and Ehlanzeni (50 percent) districts in Mpumalanga and Zululand (50 percent) and Harry Gwala (61 percent) in KwaZulu-Natal was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of the Capricorn (32 percent), Mopani (23 percent and Waterberg (30 percent) in Limpopo Province with the exception of Vhembe (44 percent). Cows with body condition score of ≤ 2.5 (60 percent) had a significantly higher (P < 0.05) calving rate than those with a body condition score of 3 (43 percent). Cows in Mpumalanga had more chances to calve than those in Limpopo and KwaZulu-Natal with odds ratio of 0.076 and 0.537, respectively. Additionally, quantitative data was collected through in-depth interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data collected was managed and coded into themes using the Nvivo Version 11 software programme. Themes and issues that emerged were analysed and interpreted using critical social thinking and systems thinking. The results of the study revealed many factors that could compromise the implementation and adoption of ARTs in the study areas. The general feeling amongst cattle farmers interviewed was that government should address these challenges. A shortage of bulls was the main cause of the low cattle reproduction rate. The Nguni breed type cattle was perceived as the ideal cattle breed for rural areas by respondents. Oestrous synchronisation and artificial insemination can be applied under communal and emerging farming systems with success. From the study results, breeding with small framed animals such as the Nguni type breed under communal and emerging farming systems makes a lot of sense because the breed is known for its low feed maintenance requirement. Furthermore, cattle stakeholders should co-operate and work together to address many of the constraints facing cattle productivity and the implementation and adoption of ARTs in rural areas.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 23:37:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34820 Wed 12 May 2021 23:22:26 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34794 Wed 12 May 2021 22:23:04 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34348 Wed 12 May 2021 20:55:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39437 Wed 12 May 2021 20:13:12 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34792 Wed 12 May 2021 19:59:46 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34350 Wed 12 May 2021 19:59:20 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34256 Wed 12 May 2021 19:29:28 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:32836 Wed 12 May 2021 19:18:21 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35667 Wed 12 May 2021 19:16:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34818 Wed 12 May 2021 19:13:45 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34823 Wed 12 May 2021 19:07:45 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39193 Wed 12 May 2021 18:48:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35969 Wed 12 May 2021 18:20:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34356 Wed 12 May 2021 18:17:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34362 Wed 12 May 2021 18:17:09 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34283 Wed 12 May 2021 17:58:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34316 Wed 12 May 2021 17:37:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34181 Wed 12 May 2021 17:37:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34339 Wed 12 May 2021 16:35:52 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34272 Wed 12 May 2021 16:28:14 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34354 Wed 12 May 2021 16:27:22 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37027 Wed 12 May 2021 16:12:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34320 Wed 12 May 2021 15:48:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40506 Wed 12 May 2021 15:06:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35609 Thu 13 May 2021 16:46:00 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:32853 Thu 13 May 2021 07:27:44 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39291 Thu 13 May 2021 06:57:37 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39297 Thu 13 May 2021 06:42:09 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34346 Thu 13 May 2021 06:19:12 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34333 Thu 13 May 2021 06:15:19 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34814 0.05). The study revealed that the most prevalent transborder trading activities like smuggling of used tyres, small firearms and fairly used clothes had negative influence on students’ academic performance. Based on these findings, discussions were focused on the involvement of students in trans-border trading activities and the location of schools, amongst others, which has no significant influence on students’ academic performance. However, it was recommended that schools should not be located near border areas in future.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 06:02:17 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34813 Thu 13 May 2021 05:24:20 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34355 Thu 13 May 2021 04:47:10 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34812 Thu 13 May 2021 03:57:17 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:32838 Thu 13 May 2021 03:55:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34810 Thu 13 May 2021 03:16:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34302 Thu 13 May 2021 03:00:25 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34269 Thu 13 May 2021 02:40:39 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35825 Thu 13 May 2021 00:45:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34175 Thu 13 May 2021 00:45:22 SAST ]]>