https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:69942 Wed 22 Nov 2023 12:30:02 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:52344 Wed 22 Jun 2022 12:41:15 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:46756 Wed 16 Feb 2022 16:22:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39114 Wed 12 May 2021 23:40:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39519 Wed 12 May 2021 23:35:23 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35091 Wed 12 May 2021 20:17:55 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39120 Wed 12 May 2021 20:11:06 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35478 Wed 12 May 2021 19:51:06 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39710 Wed 12 May 2021 19:48:19 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31457 Wed 12 May 2021 19:48:15 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:36450 Wed 12 May 2021 19:32:07 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30805 Wed 12 May 2021 19:24:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34818 Wed 12 May 2021 19:13:45 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35761 Wed 12 May 2021 19:09:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34823 Wed 12 May 2021 19:07:45 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31525 Wed 12 May 2021 19:00:47 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35550 Wed 12 May 2021 18:40:19 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30773 0.05) in the number of shoots per plant, stems per shoot and coppice stems produced by the three C. cajan varieties at vegetative and flowering stage. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the heights of plants recorded by the varieties only at flowering stage. The yields of fresh biomass in C. cajan was significantly different (P<0.05) across all the varieties harvested in 2016. In all the varieties there was a significant difference (P<0.05) in dry matter yield in both seasons of 2016 and 2017. The effect of browse varieties and drying methods showed a significant effect (P<0.05) on DM, CP, fat, NDIN, ADIN and hemicellulose content of varieties. There was little impact by varieties and drying methods (P<0.05) on ash, NDF, ADF, ADL, TNC and cellulose content of varieties. Varieties and drying method had no effect (P>0.05) on Ca, Mg and K except for Na and P. There was no effect caused by varieties and drying methods (P>0.05) on Zn and Mn with Cu and Fe being the exceptions. Oven drying showed an overall reduction in the tannin concentration on leaves while there was an increase in saponins. The different varieties had no effect (P>0.05) on the IIR, 0.0275±0.0089, 0.0275±0.0077 and 0.0409±0.0109 for Cv1, Cv2 and Cv3, respectively. The day of the trial and browse variety had an effect (P<0.05) on bite rate. However, the day of trial had no significant effect (P>0.05) on both bite size and the instantaneous intake rate. Individual goat had a significant effect (P<0.05) on bite rate. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the in vitro and in sacco rapidly degradable fractions (a) of all the three varieties but the drying method had no effect (P>0.05). The slowly degradable fraction (b) and degradation rate constant (c) of all varieties was not significantly different (P>0.05) on both drying methods during IV DaisyII procedure. However, b and c, in all the varieties was significantly different (P<0.05) in both drying methods during the in sacco procedure. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the mean potentially degradable fraction (a+b) across all C. cajan varieties during IV DaisyII procedure, however a+c of all varieties was significantly different (P<0.05) in both the drying methods during the in sacco procedure. The effective in vitro and in sacco degradability of the varieties was significantly different (P<0.05) with a rumen outflow rate of 2, 5 and 8 percent per hour. The shade-dried varieties had a higher (P<0.05) ED than the oven-dried materials during IV DaisyII and the in sacco procedures. It was concluded that the decline in yield of C. cajan during the study is a reflection of poor survival, the insufficient regeneration from seed, nutrient depletion over time and the extended dry seasons. Therefore, shade drying is commended method of drying forages.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 17:44:45 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35363 Wed 12 May 2021 17:38:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39703 Wed 12 May 2021 17:12:03 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35635 Wed 12 May 2021 16:47:21 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39115 Wed 12 May 2021 16:37:43 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35733 Wed 12 May 2021 16:27:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31826 Wed 12 May 2021 15:58:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40090 .05). The model chi-square value of 43.47 (approximately 44% ) was significant. Thus, the indication is that the model has a good fit in predicting the possibility of a fuel retail outlet being located in the core or peripheral zone of the metropolis as determined by the explanatory variables (the independent variables accounted for about 44% of possible factors which determined whether a fuel retail outlets is located either within the core or peripheral zones of the metropolis. The remaining 56% are factors not considered in the study). The result gotten from the in depth interview sessions corroborated the findings from the tested hypothesis. The third objective was to examine the effects which the supply chain technique employed (either vertically integrated model or third-party arrangement) has on the achievement of efficient and effective distribution of the products. In order to achieve this objective, all the 389 registered members of Petroleum Tanker Drivers (PTD) association who are members of the PTD in the metropolis were sampled, 265 (around 70%) of the distributed questionnaires were retrieved and used for the analysis. In depth interview sessions were also conducted with three different managers of the three major conglomerates in the downstream sector of the Nigerian petroleum sector. The result of one-way between subjects (ANOVA) which was conducted to compare differences in the management and performances of haulage services outsourced to the 3PLS and those run under VIM showed that there was a significant effect of ownership type on management performance (F (2,262) = 60.26, p<.05). The null hypothesis was therefore rejected while the alternate hypothesis was accepted. The findings from the interview sessions posted similar results. The fourth and final objective was to analyze the effect that the socio-economic attributes of the participants (haulers and managers of retail outlets) involved in the distribution of xxvi petroleum products has on the safe, efficient and cost-effective distribution of product and this was done through the use of descriptive statistics, inferential statistics and incisive analysis of the interview sessions. A total number of 265 (70%) out of the 389 registered members of Petroleum Tanker Driver Association (PTDA) participated in the study. Multiple regression analysis (MRA) was used to test this hypothesis. The result from the statistical analysis show that the use of stimulant, work condition, marital status and educational attainment/literacy level have joint influence on compliance (R2 = 0.31, F (4,260) = 29.72, p<.05). On the basis of the foregoing, the hypothesis is thus accepted. The result from the interview sessions confirmed the existence of strong relationship between the explanatory variables and the hypothetical dependant variable. The study recommended a review of the planning processes guiding the establishment of fuel retail outlets. The study also advocated that retailers should endeavour to have stronger control over the supply chain of their products this could done by investing more in VIM rather than outsourcing such functions to 3PLs. This will help in better business performances. Government agencies in charge of monitoring drug abuse among haulers are advised to be more proactive by the duo of prevention and punishment strategies. This should include advocacy campaign against drug abuse. Different ranges of punishments should also be meted out for individual haulers found culpable.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 15:06:55 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42706 Wed 12 May 2021 15:03:38 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42543 Wed 12 May 2021 14:55:55 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42610 Wed 12 May 2021 14:35:51 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40850 Wed 12 May 2021 14:28:14 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41363 Wed 12 May 2021 14:25:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40403 Wed 12 May 2021 14:25:03 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40969 Wed 12 May 2021 14:23:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40606 Wed 12 May 2021 14:20:28 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42612 1:8:1>6:3:1>8:1:1 indicating the trend of ratio 3:6:1 appeared to have higher reduction rate than the rest of the material and it had far less ΔEpp than the rest of other ratios. All CV curves for both pristine MoS2 NFs and carbon supported MoS2 NFs confirmed a distinct Faradic characteristic. The VS2 nanosheets (NSs) and carbon supported VS2 NSs were also effectively synthesized via hydrothermal method. The SEM micrographs for VS2 NSs and carbon supported VS2 NSs samples reveals level increased. Furthermore, SEM-EDX analysis have confirmed the presence of V and S as well as C and O on carbon supported VS2 nanocomposites, and it clearly shown a gradually blending as the ratios increases. The structural studies through XRD analysis have revealed peaks at 2θ angles of 15.4◦, 28.2◦, 34.2◦, 36.2◦, 43.3◦,48.3◦, 54.4◦, 57.7◦ and 66.2◦ which correspond to the lattice planes (001), (002), (100), (011), (102), (003), (110), (103) and (201) belonging to hexagonal VS2 (H-VS2) crystalline phase as per JCPDS card 36-1139. The HRTEM have revealed that the VS2 NSs have an edge to edge length of ~ 0.294 – 1.248 µm. Also, HRTEM micrographs of VS2 NSs have revealed interplanar d spacing of 0.571 nm belonging to the (001) lattice plane of hexagonal VS2 (H-VS2) structure. FTIR analysis have shown a peak at 558 cm-1 attributed to V-S which is evident that sulfur has bonded with the metal (V) and is in agreement with EDS. CV, CD and EIS measurements have shown that the ratio 1:8:1 is more superior to VS2 NSs and other carbon supported VS2 NSs. Based on Rreduction for the carbon supported nanosheets VS2 nanosheets are ordered as 1:8:1>3:6:1>6:3:1>8:1:1. Carbon supported VS2 NSs of the mole ratio 1:8:1 showed a small resistance of 0.32 Ω. This is further evidence that the carbon supported VS2 NSs of the mole ratio 1:8:1 in addition to revealing excellent catalytic behaviour is also more chemically stable and has good conductivity properties._________]]> Wed 12 May 2021 14:16:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42613 Wed 12 May 2021 13:54:32 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40873 0.05). Meat from steers on the SLG system had higher (P<0.05) drip loss, protein and fat contents and lower (P <0.05) shear force, moisture and ash contents than the two rotational grazing approaches (HPG and FCG). The HPG had higher (P < 0.05) total running and capital costs compared to SLG and FCG grazing systems. The SLG system had greater (P ≤ 0.05) gross and net income compared to FCG and HPG systems, respectively. Overall, all the grazing systems had comparable growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality but rotational grazing systems had lower gross income relative to the SLG grazing system.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 13:51:21 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:58278 Wed 09 Nov 2022 12:18:08 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:46364 Wed 09 Feb 2022 11:34:25 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:52802 Wed 06 Jul 2022 11:59:08 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:46087 Wed 02 Feb 2022 12:22:02 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:71414 Tue 30 Jan 2024 12:19:23 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:43250 Tue 28 Sep 2021 15:37:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:63045 Tue 28 Mar 2023 15:19:51 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:52596 Tue 28 Jun 2022 14:36:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:52586 Tue 28 Jun 2022 12:01:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:43197 10 mg mL-1. The antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activity of the obtained oils and extracts were tested by means of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH+) assay, [(2,2ˊ-azino bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] (ABTS), nitric oxide and ferric reducing power assays. The oils and extracts showed DPPH radical scavenging ability, but not as high as the standard drugs. The base extract showed a higher reducing power than the standard drug, rutin. There were significant differences in the phytochemicals contents of the various leaf extracts. The acetone extract has the highest flavonol, proanthocyanidin, and alkaloid contents. The ethanol extract showed the highest amount of phenolic content with the acid extract, having the least. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and column chromatography was employed to obtain different fractions of extracts using four eluent solvent systems of varying polarities: toluene, petroleum ether, hexane and ethyl acetate and sprayed with anisaldehyde. A single, visible spot of B-fraction was developed, collected and analyzed as 1-methyl-2,4,5- trinitroimidazole with renown valuable properties.]]> Tue 15 Jun 2021 15:58:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:58229 Tue 08 Nov 2022 11:11:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39616 Tue 07 May 2024 11:15:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40183 Tue 07 May 2024 11:09:10 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39071 Tue 07 May 2024 11:01:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:43254 Tue 07 May 2024 10:34:07 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40567 Tue 07 May 2024 09:16:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:43257 Tue 07 May 2024 08:55:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30551 2 for Staphylococcus species, Acinetobacter species and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia suggest that they have arisen from high-risk sources where antibiotics are in constant arbitrary use resulting in high selective pressure. The presence of tetracycline resistance genes in Acinetobacter species justifies the observed phenotypic resistance to oxytetracycline and intermediate resistance to minocycline. High phenotypic resistance and the presence of some resistance genes in Staphylococcus species is a possible threat to public health and suggests animals to be important reservoirs of antibiotic resistance determinants in the environment. Indiscriminate use of antibiotics induces this kind of antibiotic resistance and should be discouraged. Personal hygiene is encouraged as it reduces the load of Acinetobacter species contacted from the environment that may be difficult to control. Commensal Stenotrophomonas maltophilia are as important as their clinical counterparts due to their roles in opportunistic infection, antibiotic resistance and their associated genes, especially sul gene. Personal hygiene is hereby advocated especially when in contact with soil, plants and plants’ rhizospheric soil.]]> Tue 07 May 2024 08:48:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:67363 Tue 05 Sep 2023 12:53:02 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:52760 Tue 05 Jul 2022 15:42:08 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:52755 Tue 05 Jul 2022 15:13:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62638 Thu 16 Mar 2023 16:15:52 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62600 Thu 16 Mar 2023 12:40:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62598 Thu 16 Mar 2023 11:26:36 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62596 Thu 16 Mar 2023 11:01:51 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62594 Thu 16 Mar 2023 10:05:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39385 Thu 13 May 2021 15:40:17 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31530 Thu 13 May 2021 13:09:48 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35400 Thu 13 May 2021 06:41:37 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31464 Thu 13 May 2021 06:14:39 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39736 Thu 13 May 2021 06:02:03 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30764 0.05). Virulence factors are important for the pathogenesis of H. pylori. All the 48 clinical isolates were glmM (140 bp) positive and cagA was detected in 97.9 percent of the test isolates. The vacA gene was detected in all isolates but with different subtypes. The vacA allelic combination s1m1 was detected in 75 percent of the test isolates and s1m2 allelic combination was detected in 16.7 percent of the test isolates while the combination s2m2 was detected in 8.3 percent of the test isolates. None of the test isolates possessed the allelic combination s2m1. When H. pylori multiplication was monitored under acidic conditions in the presence of anti-urease active compounds, it was revealed that anti-urease active compounds in honey are capable of inhibiting the normal multiplication of H. pylori strains that are cagA positive, vacA positive and drug resistant. The GC-MS analysis showed that Fleures honey (urease I percent = 67.8 – 68.5 percent) and Gold Crest honey (urease I percent = 50.9 percent – 53.3 percent), all petroleum ether extracts had 27 and 26 volatile compounds. The hexane extract of Manuka honey (urease I percent = 50.0 – 53.2) had 43 compounds detected. The chloroform extract of Q Bee (urease I percent = 64.2 – 66.2 percent) had 13 volatile compounds detected. All the volatile compounds considered as representative samples of GC-MS analysis had a spectral matching ≥ 90 percent with the NIST11 library. However, the majority of compounds that were detected by LC-MS in representative honey extracts include vardenafil, urapidil, hydrocortisone, e.t.c which are drugs commonly used in the treatment of different ailments or infections that affect human beings. In addition, two xi drugs, sulfaquinoxaline and hydroxyquinoline which are used in veterinary medicine and antiseptic, disinfectant and pesticide applications in agricultural activities were detected in Little Bee honey. We therefore conclude that inhibition of urease has a bactericidal effect on drug resistant, cagA positive and vacA positive H. pylori strains growing under acidic environment.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 05:55:10 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35376 Thu 13 May 2021 05:52:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39625 Thu 13 May 2021 04:30:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31535 Thu 13 May 2021 04:12:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39734 Thu 13 May 2021 03:33:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35396 Thu 13 May 2021 03:07:46 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31634 0.05) was observed between serum and saliva cortisol. However, results showed that there was adrenal stimulation in saliva coupled by significant (P<0.05) effects of sampling intervals. For the second study 21 non-pregnant and clinically healthy Nguni cows of one herd were used for the trial. They were divided into parity groups and their weights were used as a covariate in data analysis. For five consecutive weeks, fresh faecal samples were extracted and rectal temperatures measured. In addition, fear of approaching humans was assessed by AD scores and behaviour scores in the crush chute, as well as vocalisation, urination and defaecation were observed. The effect of successive handling significantly (P<0.05) affected the physiological parameters, namely FGM and RT. Contrariwise, Chi-square tests revealed that parities had a significant (χ2 < 0.05) influence on AD and crush scores as well as on the occurrence of excretory behaviour. It was concluded that saliva cortisol can be used as a stress indicator in beef cows. However, plasma cortisol can be significantly volatile thereby becoming less sensitive to changes across time. This can cause a lack of relationship between plasma and saliva cortisol. On the other hand, repetitive handling of beef cows has an influence on faecal stress levels. In addition, beef cows of differing parities behave differently to handling stress.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 02:23:49 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:45661 Thu 13 Jan 2022 16:12:10 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:46438 Thu 10 Feb 2022 15:12:02 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:46425 0.05) between workplace position, educational level, work experience, and consumption of unpasteurised milk. This study found that participants had a deficient level of knowledge of mastitis causing pathogens by attaining a pass mark of 1.60 out of a possible 10 (16 percent), and educational level was significantly associated with knowledge of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus spp. However, the participants (64.9 percent) showed good knowledge of clinical signs of mastitis, and this was attributed to the regular mastitis detection with California Mastitis Test (CMT, 60.4 percent) and a strip cup (83.0 percent). The participants had varying perceptions and limited knowledge (28.3 percent pass rate) about the major contributing factors of culling and mortality. The lack of dairy training courses and minimal use of other sources of information such as the internet might contribute to this poor knowledge and perceptions. The second objective involved identifying and describing the factors responsible for culling and mortality in dairy farms in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa. The factors were grouped into seven (7) major factors namely lameness and poor growth (2.33 percent), reproduction problems (35.86 percent), health factors (6.72 percent), production factors (7.11 percent), udder-related factors (3.42 percent), voluntary culls (4.86 percent) and miscellaneous factors (26.03 percent). The most frequent reason for culling dairy cows was reproduction problems which was mainly made up of infertility (7.9 percent), reproductive failure (89.9 percent), and dystocia (1 percent). Miscellaneous factors which mainly consisted of indigenous breeds (8.2 percent), and age (2.7 percent) accounted for the second most prevalent factors for the culling of dairy cows. All the farms recorded stock-theft as part of involuntary culling and accounted for 3.6 percent dairy cows that were culled. Poor milk yield and health-related factors such as red-water (33.8 percent), milk-fever (23.3 percent), and heart-water (6.8 percent) were amongst the major factors responsible for the culling of dairy cows. There were 1774 (13.67 percent) dairy cows that died in the study farms from 2015 to 2019 and causes of death were not specified except for drowning (0.01 percent) and snake bite (1 percent). This study exposed a gap in knowledge about the causes of mastitis, culling and mortality among dairy farmworkers in the southern part of the Eastern Cape Province. Furthermore, this study provided with a baseline information on the leading causes of culling and mortality. There is a need for further research on strategies of enhancing the knowledge of dairy farmworkers about pathogens of mastitis and specific causes of culling and mortality to mitigate the challenge they pose to food security.]]> Thu 10 Feb 2022 14:51:28 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:67430 Thu 07 Sep 2023 11:10:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:67421 Thu 07 Sep 2023 10:50:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:46124 Thu 03 Feb 2022 10:39:58 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:46120 Thu 03 Feb 2022 10:03:08 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:48888 Mon 28 Mar 2022 16:03:07 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:48855 Mon 28 Mar 2022 11:14:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:48751 Mon 28 Mar 2022 09:47:38 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:46570 Mon 14 Feb 2022 14:45:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:46563 Mon 14 Feb 2022 13:41:49 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:46546 Mon 14 Feb 2022 12:17:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:58218 0.05). The dietary effects of PPPM supplementation on growth performance, digestibility, carcass, and organ weight indices of Cobb 500 birds were determined. The POSCON diet enhanced (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) at week 3. The average final body weight and average daily weight gain were highest (p < 0.05) in birds fed PPPM2 and PPPM4 diets, whereas birds fed PPPM2 diet had enhanced (p < 0.05) FCR and protein efficiency ratio when compared with birds on POSCON. Thigh and breast weights were highest (p < 0.05) in birds on PPPM4 and PPPM8 diets, whereas birds fed PPPM4 diet had enhanced (p < 0.05) nutrient digestibility compared with those on POSCON. The antioxidant status and breast meat quality of Cobb 500 broiler birds fed diets supplemented with PPPM were determined. Meat from birds fed PPPM8 diet had the highest (p < 0.05) thawing loss, while cooking loss was lowest (p < 0.05) in the PPPM2 group. The highest (p < 0.05) ability to scavenge ABTS [(2, 2-azinobis (3ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid))] radical cation (ABTS+) was recorded in the PPPM2 and PPPM4 meat while PPPM8 meat had increased (p < 0.05) catalase activity. The fatty acid composition, oxidative status, and drip loss in breast meat of Cobb 500 broiler birds fed graded levels of PPPM was determined. Meat from birds fed PPPM4 diet had the lowest (p < 0.05) margaric (C17:0) and arachidic (C20:0) acids, while meat from birds fed PPPM8 diet had higher (p < 0.05) levels of eicosadenoic (C20:2, n-6) and arachidonic (AA, 20:4) acids. The POSCON had higher (p < 0.05) ability to reduce TBARS levels in meat on day-1 and day-16 of storage than the NEGCON and PPPM diets, whereas TBARS levels were lowest (p < 0.05) in PPPM6 meat on day-16. The gut pH, histology, haematology, serum-biochemical indices, and bone quality parameters of Cobb 500 broiler birds fed diets supplemented with PPPM was determined. Birds fed POSCON, PPM2 and PPPM4 diets had the lowest (p < 0.05) pH in the duodenum, jejunum, and caecum, whereas duodenal pH values were lowest (p < 0.05) in birds fed PPPM2 and PPPM4 diets compared with birds on NEGCON. Birds fed PPPM4 diet had the highest (p < 0.01) duodenal, jejunal and ileal villi height (VH), and the highest (p < 0.01) VH to crypt depth (CD) ratio in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The lowest (p < 0.05) CD in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum was also recorded in birds fed PPPM4 diet. Birds fed PPPM8 diet had higher (p < 0.05) values for white blood cell count, red blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume, whereas the lowest (p < 0.05) concentration of serum aspartate transaminase was recorded in birds fed PPPM4 diet. Birds on PPM4 diet had longer (p < 0.05) bones. Bone weight and bone breaking strength were highest (p < 0.05) in birds fed PPPM8 diet. Tibia zinc and iron concentrations increased as the inclusion levels of pomegranate peel powder meal increased. It was concluded that broiler birds require 4 g/kg pomegranate peel powder for enhanced growth performance, nutrient digestibility, gut histology, quality, and antioxidant enzyme activity of meat, whereas 8 g/kg pomegranate peel powder meal supplementation is required for enhanced heamato-biochemical indices, bone quality, fatty acid composition and lipid peroxidative parameters in broiler birds.]]> Mon 07 Nov 2022 15:47:45 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:43119 Mon 07 Jun 2021 15:33:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:48857 Mon 06 May 2024 15:33:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:69317 Fri 27 Oct 2023 11:27:32 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:59029 0.05) were recorded over 30 days of frozen storage. No differences (P>0.05) were recorded for the fatty acid composition between treatments. No growth was observed for microbial quality indicators nor Campylobacter spp. for all treatments. This study showed that frozen storage only had a negative effect on some textural parameters, while the inclusion of maize meal affects most physicochemical characteristics.]]> Fri 25 Nov 2022 13:21:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62796 Fri 24 Mar 2023 13:13:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:48576 Fri 18 Mar 2022 10:51:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62645 Fri 17 Mar 2023 12:59:52 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:62644 Fri 17 Mar 2023 12:24:52 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:69414 Fri 03 Nov 2023 08:34:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:52664 0.05) improve the effect of water restriction on body condition scores (BCs), FAMACHA©, glucose, globulin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). In the second objective, intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen and mineral balance were evaluated. The reduced nutrient intake was similar (P>0.05) irrespective of water restrictions and VC supplementations. Water-restriction levels did not affect nutrient intake/metabolic weight. Retained nitrogen increased with water-restriction levels but not influenced by VC. NH3-N decreased with the levels of water restriction while the pH was similar across the water restricted groups. Supplementation of VC had no effect (P>0.05) on apparent digestibility and digestible nutrients induced by water restriction levels. The amount of Ca, K, Mg retained increased (P<0.05) with water-restriction levels. In the third objective, stress indices, carcass characteristics and meat quality parameters were evaluated. The level of plasma cortisol concentration due to water stress was lessened (P<0.05) by VC. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH) and insulin were not affected (P>0.05) by levels of water restriction. The hot and carcass weights were lower (P<0.05) in W70+ and W50+ compared to W70 and W50 respectively. Vitamin C treated goats had higher redness (a*) compared to W70, W50 and W0. The shear force and cooking loss increased (P<0.05) with water restriction levels, while thaw loss, pH45min and pH24h were not affected by water restriction levels. In the final objective, the treatments did not affect (P>0.05) the oxidative stability of lipids (TBARS). The moisture and fat content in the water restricted groups were lower (P<0.05) than W0. The consumer meat sensory appearance decreased (P<0.05) with levels of water restrictions. Regardless of VC concentration and supplementation, vaccenic, and docosahexaenoic acid increased (P<0.05) while linolenic acid decreased as the water restriction levels increased. Nonetheless, treatment did not affect (P>0.05) the saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. These studies showed that suboptimal water intake negatively affects the growth performance and nutrient intake of Xhosa goats. However, the reduction in body weight loss and decreased plasma cortisol (chief stress hormone) concentration following vitamin C supplementation (especially at a daily single dose [3g/d]) may well reduce the effect of water stress in goats.]]> Fri 01 Jul 2022 13:18:00 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:52405 Fri 01 Jul 2022 12:58:03 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:52660 Fri 01 Jul 2022 12:13:34 SAST ]]>