https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39713 Wed 12 May 2021 23:21:49 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39802 Wed 12 May 2021 23:04:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27752 0.05) in the PUFA: SFA and n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratios between the herded and tethered goats. It was concluded that tethering promoted higher proportions of beneficial PUFAs which were more in TB than LTH muscle. The overall conclusions from the whole study were that goat manure is an important source of GHG with high CH4 being emitted from earth floors of herded goats. High CO2 and N2O are emitted from SF of herded and tethered goats, respectively. There were no major differences in meat quality between herded and tethered goats. However, herding promoted more live weight gain than tethering. On the other hand, tethering promoted more beneficial fatty acids. Therefore depending on the objective of the enterprise, smallholder farmers can safely tether or herd their goats. Further, there is need to develop technologies to harness CH4 from goat manure.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 21:02:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:32058 Wed 12 May 2021 20:26:28 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27619 Wed 12 May 2021 19:28:19 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39686 Wed 12 May 2021 17:48:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:33180 Wed 12 May 2021 17:47:37 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31448 Wed 12 May 2021 17:44:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27404 Wed 12 May 2021 17:14:44 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27786 Wed 12 May 2021 16:45:23 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31978 Wed 12 May 2021 16:36:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27413 Wed 12 May 2021 16:20:56 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40549 Wed 12 May 2021 15:12:07 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41295 Wed 12 May 2021 15:09:32 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40671 Wed 12 May 2021 15:03:43 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40152 Wed 12 May 2021 15:01:44 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40735 Wed 12 May 2021 14:58:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40553 Wed 12 May 2021 14:52:51 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40406 Wed 12 May 2021 14:50:52 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40107 Wed 12 May 2021 14:31:12 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41363 Wed 12 May 2021 14:25:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40836 Wed 12 May 2021 14:22:24 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40673 Wed 12 May 2021 14:05:55 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40674 Wed 12 May 2021 14:05:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40564 Wed 12 May 2021 13:59:58 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40743 Wed 12 May 2021 13:57:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40524 Wed 12 May 2021 13:55:04 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40106 Wed 12 May 2021 13:53:09 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35249 0.05). However, this growth was associated with a significantly higher (P < 0.05) food conversion ratio (FCR) of 19.16 vs 18.11 for Cowpea and Lablab, respectively. The apparent DM, non structural carbohydrate (NSC) nutrient digestibilities were significantly different (P < 0.05) for Lablab and Cowpea. Furthermore sex of animal influenced significantly (P < 0.05) the DM, ADF, NSC and NDF digestibilities. Lablab and Cowpea did not influence (P > 0.05) individual VFA molar concentrations in both sexes. However, animals fed Lablab had significantly higher butyrate concentrations (P < 0.05). Lablab and Cowpea forages significantly lowered (P > 0.05) enteric methane production in goats compared to a concentrate diet, and this was related to animal activity. Animals produced significantly more (P < 0.05) methane gas when ruminating than feeding or just standing. The average methane produced each year was lower but not significant (P > 0.05) for animals fed Cowpea than Lablab (4.602kg CH4, vs. 4.719kg CH4) when expressed per year. Male animals produced more gas than females with values of 17.40L/day; 12.46 g/kg DMI and 0.126g/day vs. 15.47L/day, 12.28 g/kg DMI, and 0.0109g/day, respectively. Forage legumes had no significant effects (P > 0.05) on serum total proteins (TP), globulin, urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma- glutamyl transferase (GGT) concentrations, but serum concentration of albumin was influenced by the diets (P < 0.05). Sex of animals significantly influenced ALP concentration (P < 0.05) with male animals exhibiting higer ALP values than females. Measured over time, the plasma concentration of urea and ALP significantly increased (P < 0.05) while creatinine and cholesterol concentration decreased (P < 0.05). Although the overall serum concentration of urea, total proteins, globulin, creatinine, ALT, ALP and GGT remained unchanged among the treatments and between sexes; treatment by sex, treatment by day and sex by day interactions were significant (P < 0.05). The white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), haemoglobin, haematocrite, platelet and mean platelet volume (MPV) levels were similar among treatments and between sexes (P > 0.05). The WBC decreased with time by 8.07 x10 9/l while mean crepuscular volume (MCV) increased by 11.83(fl) from day 15 to day 55. Treatment diets significantly (P < 0.05) influenced neutrophile (percent) content while sex influenced basophile (percent) content. There were no treatment or sex effects (P > 0.05) on lymphocytes (percent), monocytes (percent) and eosinophiles (percent). In the meat quality study, the dietary treatments and sex had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on dressing out percent (DPpercent), initial pH, redness (a*), yellowness (b*), Warner Blartze Shear force (WBS) , drip loss and cooking loss in the chevon from Xhosa goats. Compared with a commercial pellet diet, Lablab and Cowpea diets resulted in similar slaughter body weights (SBW), hot carcass weight (HCW) and cold dressed mass (CDM) of carcasses. However, female animals exhibited a significantly (P < 0.05) higher DPpercent than male animals (42.3percent vs. 38.9percent) for all treatments. The male animals exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) higher pH values one hour after slaughter than females (5.79 vs 5.67). Neverthreless the diet and gender did not significantly (P > 0.05) affect the ultimate pH (pHu). Meat samples from male animals had significantly (P < 0.05) higher redness values than females. Feeding cowpea significantly (P < 0.05) increased meat redness with the least drip loss of chevon. Female animals produced significantly (P < 0.05) tougher chevon compared to male animals; 4.16kg and 3.36kg for female and male, respectively. Lablab and Cowpea posses high CP levels and moderately lower NDF with high ADF values that influences dry matter intake (DMI), digestibility and growth of goats. These forage legumes meet animal requirements for fat, ADF, NDF, CP, Ca, Mn, zinc and Cu and their biomass yield is satisfactory.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 08:24:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28483 Thu 13 May 2021 07:24:08 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27906 Thu 13 May 2021 06:51:09 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39714 Thu 13 May 2021 06:27:44 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:32310 Thu 13 May 2021 06:06:19 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:32558 Thu 13 May 2021 05:59:37 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27875 Thu 13 May 2021 03:09:14 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:33400 1 mg/ml. Methanol extracts of both the wild and cultivated species exhibited almost the same level of toxicity (0.695 mg/ml and 0.628 mg/ml, respectively). Based on the Bastos criterion of toxicity indices of the lethality test, all the plant fractions demonstrated cytotoxicity effect, although the degree of their toxicity varied among the plants used. Standard spectrophotometry assays were used to quantify the phytochemical contents and to determine the antioxidant potentials of the cultivated and wild A. amatymbica. The results revealed different levels of phytochemicals with corresponding antioxidant activities. The wild extracts had higher phytochemical contents in most of the assays than cultivated extracts. Total phenol in the wild extracts ranged from 32.30±3.43 to 117.8±8.45 mg GAE/g with the acetone extracts having the highest content while the water extracts was the least. The range in the total phenol of the cultivated species was 66.46±5.29 to 98.44±6.08 mg GAE/g with the methanol extracts having the highest content while water extracts was the least. The flavonoids content ranged from 55.01±6.51 to 99.09±7.20 mg QE/mg and from 48.65±7.74 to 67.32±4.1 mg QE/mg for the wild and cultivated plants, respectively. The alkaloids contents ranged from 14.70±0.04 to 17.80±0.015 percent in the wild species while it ranged from 11.98±0.14 to 13.21±0.06 percent in the cultivated species. The wild species also showed higher antioxidant activities in most of the assays evaluated. The study revealed successful cultivation of the wild species of Alepidea amatymbica using fragments from the rhizome. The micromorphological study of both the wild and cultivated species showed minimal differences in the helical thickening of the walls in the xylem vessels and starch grain accumulation pattern. Although herbal medicine practitioners believe that cultivated species are not potent, however this study revealed some levels of phytochemicals contents and antioxidant activities which are comparable to the wild species. Cultivation is a major strategy in conserving nature and their resources. Hence, the successful domestication of A. amatymbica would help in reducing the pressure on the wild species while also meeting their medicinal demands purposes, utilisation and conserving for future generations.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 02:38:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:36128 Thu 13 May 2021 02:02:22 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28487 Thu 13 May 2021 01:54:36 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27947 Thu 13 May 2021 01:40:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:32743 Thu 13 May 2021 01:21:17 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28328 Thu 13 May 2021 01:18:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27817 Thu 13 May 2021 00:51:47 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:32795 Thu 13 May 2021 00:27:37 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27907 Thu 13 May 2021 00:12:45 SAST ]]>