https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3274 Wed 26 Oct 2022 16:16:58 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27074 Wed 13 Mar 2024 14:24:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27069 Wed 13 Mar 2024 09:44:50 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:19964 Tue 15 Aug 2023 16:14:22 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:19995 Tue 15 Aug 2023 11:32:24 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2080 Tue 10 Oct 2023 09:16:12 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40400 0.05) in the physico-chemical characteristics of beef, game meat and ostrich droëwors; containing on average 25.8 ± 1.25 g/100 g moisture, 42.0 ± 0.10 g/100 g protein, 32.0 ± 1.68 g/100 g fat, 6.2 ± 0.13 g/100 g ash and 4.2 ± 0.10 g/100 g salt; with aw and pH of 0.79 ± 0.015 and 5.3 ± 0.05, respectively. During processing and storage, TBARS were higher (P < 0.05) in pork droëwors (maximum 3.83 mg MDA/kg DM) than in beef (maximum 0.99 mg MDA/kg DM). Moringa oleifera leaf powder contained high levels of TPC (7.5 ± 0.2 mg gallic acid eq/g) and substantial levels of α-tocopherol (76.7 ± 1.9 mg/100 g) and β-carotene (23.2 ± 2.8 mg/100 g). The FRAP, α-tocopherol and β-carotene content of pork droëwors increased (P < 0.05) proportionally with increasing levels of MLP inclusion. Lipid oxidation occurred more rapidly (P < 0.05) when MLP was not added and was similar (P > 0.05) for all MLP treatments. There was no significant effect of the inclusion of 0.75 g/100 g MLP on the drying curves and physico-chemical characteristics of the droëwors. The α-tocopherol content was higher (P < 0.05) and TBARS during storage were lower (P > 0.05) with MLP addition. The results of the current study give an overview of the composition of commercial droëwors and showed higher susceptibility to lipid oxidation in pork droëwors. Moringa oleifera leaf powder exhibited antioxidant activity in pork droëwors, inhibited lipid oxidation and increased the content of α-tocopherol in the product. It can be concluded that MLP could be used as a functional antioxidant additive in pork droëwors.]]> Tue 07 May 2024 11:01:32 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40567 Tue 07 May 2024 09:16:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35632 Tue 07 May 2024 09:02:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5389 Thu 29 Sep 2022 14:19:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:19994 Thu 13 May 2021 14:49:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:19962 Thu 13 May 2021 13:24:49 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20677 Thu 13 May 2021 13:21:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4565 Thu 13 May 2021 12:41:15 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29214 Thu 13 May 2021 12:33:46 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28423 Thu 13 May 2021 10:40:07 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38640 Thu 13 May 2021 10:25:17 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4560 Thu 13 May 2021 08:53:23 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2332 Thu 13 May 2021 08:51:21 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1335 Thu 13 May 2021 08:46:52 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2064 Thu 13 May 2021 08:23:10 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27977 Thu 13 May 2021 08:22:50 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27888 Thu 13 May 2021 08:19:50 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26401 Thu 13 May 2021 08:10:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30708 Thu 13 May 2021 08:08:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26960 Thu 13 May 2021 07:38:12 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:24530 Thu 13 May 2021 07:35:57 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29215 Thu 13 May 2021 07:35:47 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27898 Thu 13 May 2021 07:35:44 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3553 Thu 13 May 2021 07:35:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26968 _D 2 suffciently large, a non-constant positive solution is generated, that is, stationary patterns emerge, depicting dispersal of species. Predators were observed to occupy habitats surrounding prey. However, super-predators were observed to alternate their habitats, from staying away from prey to invading prey habitat. In the investigation, strategies to determine ways in which the predator species could be saved from extinction and its population improved were devised, and these included isolation of the predator from the super-predator.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 07:24:20 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29940 Thu 13 May 2021 07:23:43 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29935 Thu 13 May 2021 07:16:51 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29229 Thu 13 May 2021 07:14:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20913 Thu 13 May 2021 07:13:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3409 Thu 13 May 2021 07:07:44 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38604 Thu 13 May 2021 07:06:46 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21036 Thu 13 May 2021 06:54:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26925 Thu 13 May 2021 06:52:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20441 Thu 13 May 2021 06:50:39 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29117 Thu 13 May 2021 06:48:10 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:19969 Thu 13 May 2021 06:44:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20006 Thu 13 May 2021 06:38:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27138 Thu 13 May 2021 06:33:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20000 Thu 13 May 2021 06:32:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:19986 Thu 13 May 2021 06:30:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27445 Thu 13 May 2021 06:29:39 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:19967 Thu 13 May 2021 06:21:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2079 Thu 13 May 2021 06:19:09 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:19958 Thu 13 May 2021 06:16:49 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21141 Thu 13 May 2021 06:11:45 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:19978 Thu 13 May 2021 06:09:04 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27571 Thu 13 May 2021 05:56:46 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:19970 Thu 13 May 2021 05:51:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29349 Thu 13 May 2021 05:46:39 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26937 Thu 13 May 2021 05:45:47 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26400 Thu 13 May 2021 05:45:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26557 30%). Little Egret fed mainly on flathead mullet throughout the year. Fatty acid analysis revealed evidence for trophic transfer of specific fatty acids from basal resources to waterbirds in the Kowie Estuary but provided little information on seasonal diet of waterbirds. Waterbirds foraging in the Kowie Estuary appeared to shift their diet to coincide with resource abundance pulses, but also displayed seasonal dietary overlap. This study highlights the role that waterbirds play in aquatic food webs. The subject requires more attention so that we can better understand all the predatory drivers on aquatic communities.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 05:42:17 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2125 Thu 13 May 2021 05:39:03 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:19991 Thu 13 May 2021 05:07:36 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20963 Thu 13 May 2021 05:04:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27153 Thu 13 May 2021 04:53:06 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:19973 Thu 13 May 2021 04:49:20 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20768 Thu 13 May 2021 04:42:56 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39082 Thu 13 May 2021 04:41:12 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39801 Thu 13 May 2021 04:32:31 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39625 Thu 13 May 2021 04:30:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4561 Thu 13 May 2021 04:25:51 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20916 Thu 13 May 2021 04:22:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:19963 Thu 13 May 2021 04:19:26 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5950 Thu 13 May 2021 04:09:00 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39320 0oC, and partly due to the thermodynamic equilibrium between two stereoisomers. An economically alternative process was developed, evaluated and scaled-up in a 2l reactor. The project was initiated with a specific limitation in terms of the starting material that comprised a mixture of plant sterols, which necessitated a study of the isolation and purification of the desired product from a rather complex reaction mixture. The use of silver as halide acceptor for the Koenigs-Knorr synthesis did not give statistically significant different results from the same approach but using cadmium as halide acceptor instead. However, using the direct O-glucosylation approach not only gave statistically significant higher results, but also resulted in a much more convenient procedure. Under optimum conditions, a yield of approximately 83% (isolated) of 2,3,4,6- tetra-О-acetyl-β-sitosterol-D-glucoside could be achieved, which was substantially higher than that achieved with the traditional Koenigs-Knorr methodology and above reported yields in the literature (60-80%) for direct glycosylation. Separation of 2,3,4,6-tetra-О-acetyl-β-sitosterol-D-glucoside (BSSGT) from a reaction mixture that contains 2,3,4,6-tetra-О-acetyl-campesterol-D-glucoside (CSGT), 2,3,4,6-tetra-О-acetyl campestanol-glucoside (CSSGT), and 2,3,4,6-tetra-О-acetyl-sitostanol-Dglucoside (SSGT) was investigated using column chromatography. When using silica gel particles, very good separation efficiency and product recovery could be achieved using hexane/ethyl hexane as eluent. The isolated 2,3,4,6-tetra-О-acetyl-β-sitosterol-Dglucoside was easily hydrolysed to β-sitosterol-D-glucoside in high yields (79%) using methanolic KOH. The process for the production of β-sitosterol-D-glucoside was scaled-up from the laboratory bench scale (250 cm3) to a laboratory scale of 2 l using the direct Oglycosylation method. The overall yields of the scaled reaction for β-sitosterol-D-glucoside was slightly above the literature reported values (59%, 8/92) for the KnoenigsKnorr synthesis and compares well above (62%, 0/100) the current production process (less than 20% yields). When using catalogue prices, the material costs (without recycling) for the direct Oglucosylation route is approximately 57% less for the synthesis of 1kg of β-sitosterol-Dglucoside compared to the Koenigs-Knorr route. Given further savings for recycling, the direct O-glucosylation route provides an attractive alternative route for the synthesis ofthe target compound.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 03:47:07 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:25016 Thu 13 May 2021 03:47:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39194 Thu 13 May 2021 03:45:20 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:19972 Thu 13 May 2021 03:43:49 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27052 Thu 13 May 2021 03:41:10 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35005 Thu 13 May 2021 03:34:26 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28324 37 percent); though it was reduced (26.9±2.64 percent) on days with higher temperatures and low humidity. Higher proportions of drinking (1.5±1.04 percent) and standing (20.8±4.63 percent) behaviours prolonged in such weather conditions, which were mostly during midday. The avoidance-related behaviour of the steers during handling varies, with the steers showing more avoidance and aggression in other weeks than some. These variations could however be traced back to the events of that particular day/time of handling. Only Weighing Box (WBS) and stepping (SS) scores differed (P<0.05) with genotype; with more calm NG steers (> 40 percent) and not kicking than the ND steers that were more vocal (20–60 percent) and kicking (> 5 percent). In addition, the weekly behavioural responses were reflected (P<0.05) in the measured cortisol, glucose and lactate. However, regardless of the prominent negative behaviour seen over time, the levels of the measured blood constituents continued to drop. Furthermore, steers of different genotypes displayed similar (P>0.05) response to the identical pre-slaughter conditions they were exposed to. However, steers that were Transport Group 1 (TG1) showed more avoidance (63.2 percent) pre-slaughter than those in TG2 (23.9 percent). Furthermore, all the steers that were in slaughter Group 2 (SG2) showed less avoidance behaviour than those in other groups. Vocalization was observed only for ND steers (5 percent), in TG1 and SG2. Some connections between the observed pre-slaughter activities and some behavioural and physiological changes of these steers were established; with TG1 and SG1 steers showing higher cortisol (140±14.50 and 175.9±17.24 nmol/L, respectively) and lactate (12.4±0.83 and 13.5±1.12 mmolL) levels than the other groups. Lastly, the muscle type, genotype, lairage duration, slaughter order and stress responsiveness have an effect on some meat quality characteristics of the two genotypes; with the L. dorsi muscle having highest WBSF (38.0±1.35N) than the Superficial pectoral muscle (Brisket muscle) (30.7±1.35N). Additionally, steers lairaged for a shorter time produced a L. dorsi with higher WBSF (41.6±2.34N) and a Brisket with lower TL (2.7±0.24 percent). It can therefore be concluded that the conditions and activities at the farm, during transportation, lairaging and slaughter at the abattoir have an influence on some behavioural and physiological changes and the quality of beef harvested from the Nguni and non-descript steers that were extensively-reared in natural pastures. However, the relationship patterns between these different conditions are not clear.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 03:34:22 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28629 Thu 13 May 2021 03:31:37 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4564 Thu 13 May 2021 03:19:45 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:32570 Thu 13 May 2021 03:18:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21162 Thu 13 May 2021 03:15:07 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27792 Thu 13 May 2021 03:05:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28074 Thu 13 May 2021 02:52:02 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26561 Thu 13 May 2021 02:47:48 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21350 Thu 13 May 2021 02:47:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21139 Thu 13 May 2021 02:45:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26434 Thu 13 May 2021 02:40:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20806 Thu 13 May 2021 02:38:45 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:21319 Thu 13 May 2021 02:33:43 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:25341 Thu 13 May 2021 02:30:55 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27612 Thu 13 May 2021 02:29:58 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26460 Thu 13 May 2021 02:11:04 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20001 Thu 13 May 2021 02:00:39 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27106 Thu 13 May 2021 02:00:28 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5385 Thu 13 May 2021 01:52:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:20005 Thu 13 Jul 2023 12:28:07 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:19965 Sat 09 Sep 2023 09:32:33 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27054 Fri 15 Mar 2024 12:04:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:19947 Fri 06 Aug 2021 11:40:35 SAST ]]>