https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39292 Wed 12 May 2021 23:44:04 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39727 Wed 12 May 2021 23:43:12 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11774 Wed 12 May 2021 23:16:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:16164 Wed 12 May 2021 22:57:09 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28537 Wed 12 May 2021 22:43:46 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11877 Wed 12 May 2021 22:37:58 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29368 Wed 12 May 2021 22:36:31 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11729 Wed 12 May 2021 22:27:00 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26484 Wed 12 May 2021 22:21:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11817 Wed 12 May 2021 21:01:56 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11609 Wed 12 May 2021 20:49:38 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29449 Wed 12 May 2021 20:24:56 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26474 Wed 12 May 2021 20:19:08 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28108 Wed 12 May 2021 20:17:17 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29560 Wed 12 May 2021 20:09:00 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11964 Wed 12 May 2021 20:08:32 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11315 Wed 12 May 2021 19:59:52 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39116 Wed 12 May 2021 19:59:44 SAST ]]> 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https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:33181 Wed 12 May 2021 16:28:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37231 Wed 12 May 2021 15:53:15 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34180 Wed 12 May 2021 15:50:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:16193 Wed 12 May 2021 15:49:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11887 Wed 12 May 2021 15:45:21 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42243 Wed 12 May 2021 15:10:14 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40867 Wed 12 May 2021 14:51:07 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42244 Wed 12 May 2021 14:34:49 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40960 Wed 12 May 2021 14:33:08 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40868 Wed 12 May 2021 14:32:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40780 Wed 12 May 2021 14:30:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41130 Wed 12 May 2021 14:21:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40695 Wed 12 May 2021 14:18:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40720 Wed 12 May 2021 14:13:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40175 Wed 12 May 2021 14:00:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42242 Wed 12 May 2021 13:58:19 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42240 Wed 12 May 2021 13:53:45 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42246 Wed 12 May 2021 13:50:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42811 Wed 12 May 2021 13:48:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40773 Wed 12 May 2021 13:47:20 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40077 Wed 12 May 2021 13:45:48 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35387 Tue 07 May 2024 10:12:28 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39125 Tue 07 May 2024 09:58:28 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39384 Tue 07 May 2024 09:16:49 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29557 Tue 07 May 2024 09:09:24 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26552 Thu 13 May 2021 15:03:15 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34318 Thu 13 May 2021 11:21:17 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28468 Thu 13 May 2021 08:48:08 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11109 Thu 13 May 2021 08:17:33 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39252 Thu 13 May 2021 08:10:20 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11480 Thu 13 May 2021 07:22:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29089 Thu 13 May 2021 07:06:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39659 0.05) on soil bulk density (ρb) and porosity whereas a significant effect on soil water content under NT was observed. Crop rotation had no significant effects (p > 0.05) on soil bulk density, porosity and soil moisture across the tillage treatments. The MWS rotation registered an increase in soil porosity in comparison with the MWM and MFM. Tillage x crop rotation interaction effects were significant (p < 0.05) on the measured porosity and soil water content. Soil bulk density showed negative correlation with soil porosity and soil water content (SWC) whereas porosity had a positive correlation with SWC. On yield parameters, results revealed that no significant (P>0.05) interaction of main effects with respect to wheat biomass and grain yield. Tillage had a significant (P<0.05) effect on wheat biomass only in season 2. Tillage and crop rotation effects were not significant (P>0.05) with regards to grain yield throughout the experimental period. Higher grain wheat biomass and grain yield were found in MWS rotation under NT with surface residue retention although not statistically significant. Correlation analysis revealed that wheat yield was positively correlated to SOC, P, and Total N. Therefore, combination of NT with MWS rotation with residue retention has the potential to significantly improve soil chemical properties and wheat grain yield whereas MWM followed by MWS crop rotation under NT showed an increase in soil porosity and soil water content.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 06:56:56 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39131 0.05), but there were significant differences in root biomass between grassland (HVU2) and thicket (HVU3) site (p<0.05). The mean for total root biomass found in the study was 2.66 kg m-2. In all the trenches most of the root biomass was found in depth 1 (0-30 cm) which was 2.43 kg m-2followed by 1.32 kg m-2 in depth 2 (30-60 cm) and 0.49 kg m-2 in depth 3 (60-90 cm). According to the results on species composition, herbaceous biomass, basal cover, soil moisture content and the root biomass, Kwezana communal rangeland has a potential of running a sustainable livestock production enterprise if proper management practices can be implemented. To improve the rangelands of Kwezana communal rangelands management such as proper resting, burning, proper stocking rates and physically clearing of bushes should be considered.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 06:42:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39174 0.05), but there were significant differences in root biomass between grassland (HVU2) and thicket (HVU3) site (p<0.05). The mean for total root biomass found in the study was 2.66 kg m-2. In all the trenches most of the root biomass was found in depth 1 (0-30 cm) which was 2.43 kg m-2followed by 1.32 kg m-2 in depth 2 (30-60 cm) and 0.49 kg m-2 in depth 3 (60-90 cm). According to the results on species composition, herbaceous biomass, basal cover, soil moisture content and the root biomass, Kwezana communal rangeland has a potential of running a sustainable livestock production enterprise if proper management practices can be implemented. To improve the rangelands of Kwezana communal rangelands, management such as proper resting, burning, proper stocking rates and physically clearing of bushes should be considered.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 06:33:26 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11939 Thu 13 May 2021 06:31:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28091 Thu 13 May 2021 06:29:52 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11868 Thu 13 May 2021 06:24:14 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:32170 Thu 13 May 2021 06:17:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31464 Thu 13 May 2021 06:14:39 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27881 Thu 13 May 2021 05:47:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28106 Thu 13 May 2021 04:44:51 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35962 Thu 13 May 2021 04:14:49 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11594 Thu 13 May 2021 04:09:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26514 Thu 13 May 2021 03:57:10 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11189 Thu 13 May 2021 03:56:17 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11967 Thu 13 May 2021 03:51:57 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26521 Thu 13 May 2021 03:49:19 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39300 Thu 13 May 2021 03:17:25 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35762 Thu 13 May 2021 02:52:57 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11584 0.05) abundance along distance gradient from water points. Grass dry matter (GDM) showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between and within land management systems. However, GDM was not significantly affected by season, location of water point within each farm or reserve and distance along water points. Acacia karoo, Coddia rudis and Ehretia rigida were the most dominant woody species. Tree equivalent (TE) density of all encroaching woody plants combined was significantly (p < 0.05) higher on the communal area (1732 TE ha-1) than the commercial ranches (1136 TE ha-1) and game reserves (857 TE ha-1), but with no marked variations along distance from water points under all the land management systems. The electric conductivity (EC) was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in game reserves than in communal grazing areas and ranches. Soil organic matter percentage showed greatest and lowest values in the game reserves and commercial respectively. Soil pH and bulk density did not vary but soil organic matter (SOM), EC, bulk density and soil compaction were significant different with no increasing or decreasing trends. Soil properties were affected by herbivore pressure and trampling around water points with inconsistence magnitude and direction. In conclusion, grass species composition and GDM did not respond to distance from water points because either grazing gradient was absent or the length of transects was not enough to explain the absence or presence of gradients. High proportion of A. karoo and high densities of seedlings and saplings would seem as very good indicators of the woody vegetation changes in the different land management systems and distance from water points. The soil quality indicators around the water-points showed that livestock and game affected soil parameters.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 02:41:10 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31634 0.05) was observed between serum and saliva cortisol. However, results showed that there was adrenal stimulation in saliva coupled by significant (P<0.05) effects of sampling intervals. For the second study 21 non-pregnant and clinically healthy Nguni cows of one herd were used for the trial. They were divided into parity groups and their weights were used as a covariate in data analysis. For five consecutive weeks, fresh faecal samples were extracted and rectal temperatures measured. In addition, fear of approaching humans was assessed by AD scores and behaviour scores in the crush chute, as well as vocalisation, urination and defaecation were observed. The effect of successive handling significantly (P<0.05) affected the physiological parameters, namely FGM and RT. Contrariwise, Chi-square tests revealed that parities had a significant (χ2 < 0.05) influence on AD and crush scores as well as on the occurrence of excretory behaviour. It was concluded that saliva cortisol can be used as a stress indicator in beef cows. However, plasma cortisol can be significantly volatile thereby becoming less sensitive to changes across time. This can cause a lack of relationship between plasma and saliva cortisol. On the other hand, repetitive handling of beef cows has an influence on faecal stress levels. In addition, beef cows of differing parities behave differently to handling stress.]]> Thu 13 May 2021 02:23:49 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11938 Thu 13 May 2021 02:02:31 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11922 Thu 13 May 2021 01:26:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39636 Thu 13 May 2021 01:19:03 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11604 Thu 13 May 2021 01:03:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39715 Thu 13 May 2021 00:54:32 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29824 Thu 13 May 2021 00:53:25 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:16222 Thu 13 May 2021 00:45:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39407 Thu 13 May 2021 00:44:57 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:16182 Thu 13 May 2021 00:44:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39711 Thu 13 May 2021 00:35:43 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26538 Thu 13 May 2021 00:20:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39290 Mon 06 May 2024 16:02:18 SAST ]]>