https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index en-us 5 https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35372 Wed 12 May 2021 23:37:50 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39519 Wed 12 May 2021 23:35:23 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39153 Wed 12 May 2021 22:31:32 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39154 0.05) differences. The protein and salt content were significantly higher in frozen-thawed (24.3 and 0.13%) muscles than in fresh muscle (20.2 and 0.08%); whereas the fat content and pH were lower (P<0.05) in frozen-thawed (5.36) compared to fresh muscles (5.51). Between muscles, the moisture, salt content, and pH were higher in BF muscles than in SM muscles (73.2, 0.12% and 5.49). Aw was affected by the interaction between freezing and muscle type, with frozenthawed SM having lower Aw (0.990). During salting, salt, weight and water gain did not show any differences (P<0.05). There were no major significant differences after salting. There were lower TBARS and pH in frozen-thawed (1.5mgMDA/kg and 5.15) muscles than in fresh muscles (3.3mgMDA/kg and 5.19) as well as in SM muscles (1.8mgMDA/kg and 5.16) than in BF muscles (3.0mgMDA/kg and 5.19). The moisture was significantly lower in frozen-thawed SM (68.1%) than in fresh SM, BF and frozen-thawed BF (69.3,70.5 and 71.7%) after salting. On the final product, the interaction between muscle type and freezing affected the moisture content, TBARS, chewiness and the springiness of biltong, with the biltong from fresh SM (39.8%) having significantly lower moisture content compared frozenthawed BF and ST muscles as well fresh BF muscles (42.8% in average). The TBARS were higher in biltong from fresh BF muscles (5.1mgMDA/kg) compared to other muscles. Furthermore, the chewiness and springiness were higher (P<0.05) in biltong produced from SM frozen-thawed muscles (327.7N and 1.5). The WBSF was higher in biltong from the BF muscles (108.8N) than in the biltong from SM (80.1) but it was not affected by the freezing effect (P>0.05). Freezing did not show any major differences in biltong. iv The third experiment was conducted to determine the effect of freezing African buffalo carcasses on weight loss during salting, physico-chemical and textural properties of biltong. Five muscles (ST, SM, BF, LTL, and RF) were randomly selected from 30 carcasses (15 frozen-thawed and 15 fresh), cut along the grain, traditionally salted and dried at 26oC till they lost 45-50% of their initial weight. The salting weight loss was higher in frozen-thawed muscles (-1.45%) than in fresh muscles (-0.89%). The freezing treatment affected the physico-chemical properties of the biltong. The biltong produced from frozen-thawed muscles showed significantly higher protein and ash (47.6 and 7.6%) compared to fresh (43.9 and 7.1); whereas the moisture, fat, pH and Aw were lower (43.7, 2.1, 0.870 and 5.30, respectively) compared to those of biltong from fresh muscles (45.5%, 2.9%, 0.890 and 5.38). The moisture, pH and fat content were further affected by muscle type. The interactive effect was observed in salt content, with RF frozen-thawed showing higher salt content (8.2%) compared to all other muscles. The hardness and WBSF were significantly higher (P<0.05) in biltong frozen-thawed (204.1N and 135.0N) than in fresh muscles (146.2N and 113.1N). Moreover, the chewiness and springiness were affected (P<0.05) by muscle type, with RF muscle having higher springiness 0.89 and chewiness 171.1N than all the other muscles. Therefore, it can be concluded that freezing buffalo carcasses significantly influenced the quality characteristics of biltong. The fourth experiment studied the effect of drying methods on physico-chemical properties of traditional biltong produced from African buffalo muscles. The BF and SM muscles were randomly selected from 15 fresh carcasses, cut into strips, salted and divided into two batches per muscle. The first batch of each muscle type was dried in the ambient-air drier at 22oC average and the second batch in the cabinet drier at 26 oC till 45-50% weight loss. No differences (P>0.05) were observed in salting weight loss between the drying method and muscle type. The protein content was significantly higher in SM (46%) muscles compared to v BF (43%) but there was no effect (P>0.05) caused by the drying method. The interactions between the muscle type and drying method affected the fat content, with biltong from airdried BF muscles having significant lower (2.1%) fat content. There were no significant differences in other physico-chemical properties of biltong, with moisture content, salt, ash content, Aw and pH being 45.0%, 5.13%, 44.8%, 7.3%, 2.7%, 0.885 and 5.61 on average, respectively. Overall, the findings of the study show that freezing does have a significant effect on the final quality of biltong. However, it can be concluded that a significant effect on the physico-chemical properties of biltong depends on the changes of mass transfers during salting and drying.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 20:21:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35091 Wed 12 May 2021 20:17:55 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34368 0.05) among the varieties. The highest fresh biomass yields were observed in PAN 888 variety was 13400 kg/ha, King had 12600 kg/ha and PAN 868 had 12600 kg/ha. The dry matter yield observed in PAN 888 was 4300.00 DM kg/ha, PAN 868 had 3633.33 DM kg/ha and King yielded 3533.33 DM kg/ha. The different sorghum varieties showed a significant (P<0.01) difference in some chemical composition parameters namely DM, NDIN and NSC. The different sorghum varieties had significant difference (P<0.01) in the silage fermentation parameters of pH, starch and lactic acid. The sorghum silage varieties were significantly (P<0.01) different in the starch fermentation with values of 0.001percent. The sorghum silage varieties were significant different for fermentation of lactic acid with values ranging from 1.99 to 2.62percent. However, PAN 868 and PAN 888 were not different from each other. Similarly, all varieties were different (P<0.05) in the pH with values ranging from 4.16 to 4.53. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences in CP, Fat, NDF, ADF, Hemicellulose, Ash, and ADIN content of the silages. The mineral composition (macro and micro) of the silage were not significantly (P>0.05) different among the varieties. In conclusion, the dry matter production and nutrient content of the three forage sorghum varieties were not significantly different. The silage fermentation quality showed significant (P<0.05) differences among the three sorghum varieties. Therefore, according to the results of this study PAN 888 is the recommended variety to grow in the semi-arid region of the Eastern Cape.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 20:09:45 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39800 Wed 12 May 2021 20:04:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39877 Wed 12 May 2021 20:03:36 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39299 Wed 12 May 2021 19:55:47 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34303 Wed 12 May 2021 19:45:50 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30805 Wed 12 May 2021 19:24:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34288 Wed 12 May 2021 19:23:08 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35356 Wed 12 May 2021 18:49:32 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35550 Wed 12 May 2021 18:40:19 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29498 Wed 12 May 2021 18:11:57 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29521 Cu>Hg>Pb. The Pb and Hg mean concentration was recorded above permissible limits, while the Mn and Cu were within the normal range suggested by WHO. In both water and Acacia karroo samples the Cu was not detected. The trend of metal concentration in water sample was found to be in this order Hg> Mn > Pb> Cu, while in Acacia karroo metal concentration is Hg> Mn> Pb> Cu. The one-way ANOVA test was used to compare the mean concentration of selected metals in each sampling site. The results show that there is a statistically significant difference between the mean concentrations of selected metals; this is supported by the value of F-static and p-value (p <0.05)]]> Wed 12 May 2021 17:59:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35211 drum biochar> control. Also, the two maize biochar types significantly (p< 0.05) increased the release of cations namely Ca, Mg and Na however, some decrease in nutrient concentrations were observed due to increase in pH levels at the later stage of the study. Biochar incorporation increased extractable P release from 30- 40 mg P/kg to an average range of between 120- 160 mg P/kg across all soil types. A glasshouse study was also conducted investigating the effect of different biochar rates of the two maize biochar types used in the previous studies on early maize growth and nutrient uptake, same soil types were used as those in the incubation study. Biochar was applied at application rates of 0, 100, 200 and 300 kg C/ha of biochar. The glasshouse experiment consisted of two cycles, each with a six week period of monitoring maize seedling growth development. Generally, a significant increase in maize growth parameters such as plant height, stem girth, number of leaves and leaf area increased after biochar additions compared to the control. Both biochars significantly improved maize seedling growth at an application rate of 200 kg C/haHowever, the two biochar types displayed varying impacts on maize growth due to influence of soil type and biochar application rates. Nutrient- uptake of Ca, P, Na and Mg showed to improve at an application rate of 200 kg C/ha for both biochar types showing a 50 percent increase compared to the control. Nutrient- uptake patterns for P, Ca, Mg and Na differed across all soil types, mainly due to changes in pH and Na levels which were influenced by increased biochar concentrations resulting in nutrient deficiency. Another glasshouse experiment aimed at investigating the effects on the two maize biochar types on influencing the effectiveness of both organic and inorganic fertilizers for improved early maize growth and soil productivity. Biochar was applied at an application rate of 400 kg C/ha of biochar, fertilizer was applied at application rates of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 kg N/ha and manure at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 t/ha respectively. The glasshouse experiment consisted of two cycles, each with a six week period of monitoring maize seedling growth development. In the 1st cycle, manure rate of 40 t/ha resulted in the highest plant height of maize seedlings grown in the glasshouse, biochar type also showed to influence plant height. After the 1st harvest Mg, K and P levels improved at 30 t/ha, Na at 20 t/ha and Ca 40 t/ha of manure. Plant height and stem girth improved at 30 kg N/ha of fertilizer, however, nutrient levels for Ca, K and Mg decreased after the 1st harvest, while Na levels increased. Nutrient uptake was the highest for Mg and Na at 40 kg N/ha while for Ca at 30 kg N/ha of fertilizer. During the 2nd cycle plant height was the highest at 30 t/ha of manure, and effect of manure rate was significant (p<0.05) for number of leaves, plant height and biomass. Whereas, manure rate and biochar type effect were insignificant (p>0.05) for pH, Ec and nutrient uptake changes. Maize seedling showed significant response to fertilizer 40 kg N/ha for most of the growth parameters measured (P<0.05), except for germination percentage. All treatments investigated had no effect on germination percentage. The two biochar types showed significant (p<0.05) effects on soil pH and Ec. Drum biochar was slightly better performing than pit biochar. Results obtained from the various studies suggests that maize biochars derived from the pit and drum pyrolytic systems are potential soil amendments in correcting soil acidity and nutrient deficiency in the EC Province. Both biochar types have shown abilities to improve early maize growth and effectiveness of fertilizers in maize based systems of the EC Province. However, some variations in soil fertility and early maize growth were observed as a result of the soil type response towards the two biochar applications. This could also have risen as a result of a number of factors such as the nutritional composition of biochar material, initial soil type chemical composition, biochar and fertilizer application rates and time taken or period to complete each study. Therefore, further experiments should be conducted to validate these results, preferable having longer periods of study, moreover, field experiments. In addition, investigations on potential feedstock materials such as animal wastes used as biochar in the EC Province can be conducted.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 17:55:08 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39882 Wed 12 May 2021 17:27:03 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29528 Wed 12 May 2021 17:17:47 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28502 Wed 12 May 2021 16:40:38 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35733 Wed 12 May 2021 16:27:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35752 Wed 12 May 2021 16:03:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34182 Wed 12 May 2021 16:01:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35360 Wed 12 May 2021 15:58:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39149 Wed 12 May 2021 15:57:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39225 0.05) that when off-loading. A significant difference was determined on the avoidance (χ2=0.03), mounting behaviour (χ2 =0.01) and vocal sound (χ2 =0.02) during loading time on each observation day. Furthermore there was no significant difference determined on the time and day of observation in the lairages. These results also reveal that the avoidance behaviour was the highest (47percent) while fighting (34percent) and vocalizing were the least compared to other behaviour during the first 30 minutes after arrival at the abattoir. Moreover, the lying behaviour was found to have highest frequency (15percent) on day 6 compared to other sampling days. These results reveal that time of loading pigs had an influence on pigs’ behaviour before slaughter and consequently that affected physiological features and meat quality. The second section of the study assessed sex and the different lairage time effects on the pork quality attributes. A total of fifty four pigs, 22 weeks old of different sex (26 boars x 28 gilts) reared on a commercial farm and transported to the abattoir on the same day was used in this study. At the abattoir, pigs were grouped according to lairage periods of 17 hours (Group1; 13 gilts and 14 boars) and 36 hours (Group 2; 15 gilts and 12 boars). Results showed no significant difference on the sex of pigs (P >0.05) and meat pH. However, lairage time influenced the thawing loss (P= 0.02) of meat and also the interactions of sex by lairage had a significant difference (P= 0.04) on meat tenderness. There was a positive significant correlation found between sex and meat attributes values were high in boars (r= 0.61) than in gilts (r = 0.49). A negative correlation between a*and WBSF on lairage group1 (r= -0.52) was determined while on group 2 there was a positive correlation between a* and b* (r=0.49). This study suggest that a proper timing on farm feed withdrawal in combination with a sufficient lairage at the slaughter plant may result in better carcass and meat quality traits. Communication among producers and abattoirs is critical when planning the fasting and lairage times in order to elude carcass and technological pork quality complications. To conclude, there is influence caused by time of loading in stressing pigs before transportation and slaughter as aggressive behaviour showed and also lairage time affected meat quality.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 15:47:43 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40459 Wed 12 May 2021 15:09:52 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40024 Wed 12 May 2021 15:09:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42705 Wed 12 May 2021 15:08:21 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42706 Wed 12 May 2021 15:03:38 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40866 Wed 12 May 2021 15:02:03 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40017 methanol extract> hexane extract> acetone extract. The hatching of nauplii was in a concentration dependent fashion, with hatching success decreasing with increase in concentration of extracts. Lethality of extracts determined based on Meyerʼs index of toxicity, showed that the acetone and hexane extracts of V. karroo were moderately toxic. The results of this study indicated that aqueous and methanolic extracts of Vachellia karroo pods were not toxic, therefore supporting its traditional therapeutic usage. This implies that rather than discard x the pods as is waste as it being currently done, Vachellia karroo pods could be salvaged and processed along with the leaves, thus reducing environmental pollution. Proximate parameters (moisture, ash, crude fibre, crude fat, proteins, and carbohydrate) were evaluated using ALASA methods, and elemental analysis by ICP-OES technique. Nutritional analysis showed that V. karroo pods had low content of crude fat and high content of crude fibre, ash, crude protein, and carbohydrate sufficient to meet the recommended dietary allowances. The pods were rich in major minerals Ca, K, P and Mg, with sufficient amount of trace elements Na, Fe, Zn, and Cu. The outcome of this study suggests that Vachellia karroo pods have good nutritional potentials to support or complement the recommended dietary allowance and could be a cheap source of essential nutrients that could help in ameliorating most nutritional challenges as well as contribute remarkably to the amount of nutrient intake in human and animal diets.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 15:01:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40846 Wed 12 May 2021 14:58:50 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40034 Wed 12 May 2021 14:55:19 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40507 Wed 12 May 2021 14:54:47 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40255 Wed 12 May 2021 14:53:38 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40867 Wed 12 May 2021 14:51:07 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42733 Wed 12 May 2021 14:41:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42888 Wed 12 May 2021 14:40:46 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40026 Wed 12 May 2021 14:40:24 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39997 Wed 12 May 2021 14:39:56 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40014 Wed 12 May 2021 14:37:56 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42610 Wed 12 May 2021 14:35:51 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40864 Wed 12 May 2021 14:32:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40868 Wed 12 May 2021 14:32:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40850 Wed 12 May 2021 14:28:14 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39998 Wed 12 May 2021 14:25:57 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40025 Wed 12 May 2021 14:25:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40023 Wed 12 May 2021 14:25:04 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42612 1:8:1>6:3:1>8:1:1 indicating the trend of ratio 3:6:1 appeared to have higher reduction rate than the rest of the material and it had far less ΔEpp than the rest of other ratios. All CV curves for both pristine MoS2 NFs and carbon supported MoS2 NFs confirmed a distinct Faradic characteristic. The VS2 nanosheets (NSs) and carbon supported VS2 NSs were also effectively synthesized via hydrothermal method. The SEM micrographs for VS2 NSs and carbon supported VS2 NSs samples reveals level increased. Furthermore, SEM-EDX analysis have confirmed the presence of V and S as well as C and O on carbon supported VS2 nanocomposites, and it clearly shown a gradually blending as the ratios increases. The structural studies through XRD analysis have revealed peaks at 2θ angles of 15.4◦, 28.2◦, 34.2◦, 36.2◦, 43.3◦,48.3◦, 54.4◦, 57.7◦ and 66.2◦ which correspond to the lattice planes (001), (002), (100), (011), (102), (003), (110), (103) and (201) belonging to hexagonal VS2 (H-VS2) crystalline phase as per JCPDS card 36-1139. The HRTEM have revealed that the VS2 NSs have an edge to edge length of ~ 0.294 – 1.248 µm. Also, HRTEM micrographs of VS2 NSs have revealed interplanar d spacing of 0.571 nm belonging to the (001) lattice plane of hexagonal VS2 (H-VS2) structure. FTIR analysis have shown a peak at 558 cm-1 attributed to V-S which is evident that sulfur has bonded with the metal (V) and is in agreement with EDS. CV, CD and EIS measurements have shown that the ratio 1:8:1 is more superior to VS2 NSs and other carbon supported VS2 NSs. Based on Rreduction for the carbon supported nanosheets VS2 nanosheets are ordered as 1:8:1>3:6:1>6:3:1>8:1:1. Carbon supported VS2 NSs of the mole ratio 1:8:1 showed a small resistance of 0.32 Ω. This is further evidence that the carbon supported VS2 NSs of the mole ratio 1:8:1 in addition to revealing excellent catalytic behaviour is also more chemically stable and has good conductivity properties._________]]> Wed 12 May 2021 14:16:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40057 Wed 12 May 2021 14:14:08 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40872 Wed 12 May 2021 14:12:58 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40016 Wed 12 May 2021 14:09:56 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40848 Wed 12 May 2021 14:08:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40366 Wed 12 May 2021 14:08:04 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40064 Wed 12 May 2021 14:07:48 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40042 Wed 12 May 2021 14:06:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40018 0.05). Furthermore, histopathological evaluation of organs revealed that no abnormalities were in heart and liver and kidney of rats fed on the control diet, while mild congestion in the liver and myocardium (heart) were observed in rats fed with protein deficient diet. No visible abnormalities were observed in the heart, kidney and liver of animals on the PD 10 diet, but myocardial fibres showing intense eosinophilia was detected in heart muscles of rats fed PD and PD3 diets. In this study, MOLM had a negative impact on feed intake and growth performance of animals and haematology. Blood biochemistry and histology suggest that MOLM has the potential of defending the body against infection with hematinic and blood enhancing qualities. Protein deficiency led to a significant elevation in the serum lipid profile of rats especially cholesterol even with increase in MOLM. PD10 had the highest triglycerides content when compared to the control but was lower (p>0.05) to that of PD. There was an increase in crude fat, ADF, NDF and protein in faecal samples of rats supplemented with MOLM diets while a decrease in moisture and ash was observed compared to the control.Vitamin and mineral deficiency resulted in significant decrease in serum cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL-C when compared to the control. There was a slight increase in excretion for all elements with increasing MOLM. Total removal of minerals and vitamins from the VMD experimental diets seemed not to have any visible negative impact on performance of the rats probably because of residual micronutrients present in other ingredients used in the feed formulation. MOLM could not replace protein in protein deficient diets.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 14:01:43 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42611 Wed 12 May 2021 13:58:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40870 Wed 12 May 2021 13:55:48 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40869 Wed 12 May 2021 13:55:38 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40871 Wed 12 May 2021 13:55:19 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40021 Wed 12 May 2021 13:51:48 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40873 0.05). Meat from steers on the SLG system had higher (P<0.05) drip loss, protein and fat contents and lower (P <0.05) shear force, moisture and ash contents than the two rotational grazing approaches (HPG and FCG). The HPG had higher (P < 0.05) total running and capital costs compared to SLG and FCG grazing systems. The SLG system had greater (P ≤ 0.05) gross and net income compared to FCG and HPG systems, respectively. Overall, all the grazing systems had comparable growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality but rotational grazing systems had lower gross income relative to the SLG grazing system.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 13:51:21 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40077 Wed 12 May 2021 13:45:48 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40044 Wed 12 May 2021 13:45:04 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39071 Tue 07 May 2024 11:01:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39995 Tue 07 May 2024 10:40:21 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39385 Thu 13 May 2021 15:40:17 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39878 Thu 13 May 2021 14:09:48 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31530 Thu 13 May 2021 13:09:48 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35358 Thu 13 May 2021 11:05:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34222 Thu 13 May 2021 09:32:33 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39122 Thu 13 May 2021 08:55:22 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28435 Thu 13 May 2021 07:00:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29515 Thu 13 May 2021 06:56:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35400 Thu 13 May 2021 06:41:37 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35484 Thu 13 May 2021 06:26:25 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39875 Thu 13 May 2021 06:04:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35376 Thu 13 May 2021 05:52:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39152 Thu 13 May 2021 05:52:18 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39880 Thu 13 May 2021 05:48:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35383 Thu 13 May 2021 05:42:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30798 Thu 13 May 2021 05:31:54 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28915 Thu 13 May 2021 05:23:57 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35364 Thu 13 May 2021 05:22:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39623 Thu 13 May 2021 05:19:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39881 Thu 13 May 2021 04:38:15 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34183 Thu 13 May 2021 04:37:36 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29481 Thu 13 May 2021 04:22:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34317 Thu 13 May 2021 04:14:56 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28738 Thu 13 May 2021 03:36:50 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35396 Thu 13 May 2021 03:07:46 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30783 Thu 13 May 2021 03:05:48 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34309 Thu 13 May 2021 02:00:02 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29485 Thu 13 May 2021 01:06:55 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39118 Thu 13 May 2021 01:05:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31522 Thu 13 May 2021 01:05:12 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39883 Thu 13 May 2021 00:55:23 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29507 Thu 13 May 2021 00:22:19 SAST ]]>