https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:70097 Wed 29 Nov 2023 11:14:39 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:69947 Wed 22 Nov 2023 13:42:47 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:69945 Wed 22 Nov 2023 13:20:56 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:70880 Wed 10 Jan 2024 13:14:19 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:71414 Tue 30 Jan 2024 12:19:23 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:71409 Tue 30 Jan 2024 11:55:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:71404 Tue 30 Jan 2024 10:35:07 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:70816 Tue 09 Jan 2024 14:09:39 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:43131 Tue 07 May 2024 14:06:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:52030 Tue 07 May 2024 11:43:31 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39635 Tue 07 May 2024 11:41:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:66204 Tue 07 May 2024 11:40:55 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11219 Tue 07 May 2024 11:38:24 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27544 Tue 07 May 2024 11:36:57 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40412 Tue 07 May 2024 11:36:38 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27540 Tue 07 May 2024 11:36:29 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39093 Tue 07 May 2024 11:29:36 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39075 Tue 07 May 2024 11:29:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:16162 Tue 07 May 2024 11:18:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39616 Tue 07 May 2024 11:15:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34184 Tue 07 May 2024 11:15:18 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40183 Tue 07 May 2024 11:09:10 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39198 Tue 07 May 2024 11:08:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34905 Tue 07 May 2024 11:08:35 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28624 Tue 07 May 2024 11:01:47 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40400 0.05) in the physico-chemical characteristics of beef, game meat and ostrich droëwors; containing on average 25.8 ± 1.25 g/100 g moisture, 42.0 ± 0.10 g/100 g protein, 32.0 ± 1.68 g/100 g fat, 6.2 ± 0.13 g/100 g ash and 4.2 ± 0.10 g/100 g salt; with aw and pH of 0.79 ± 0.015 and 5.3 ± 0.05, respectively. During processing and storage, TBARS were higher (P < 0.05) in pork droëwors (maximum 3.83 mg MDA/kg DM) than in beef (maximum 0.99 mg MDA/kg DM). Moringa oleifera leaf powder contained high levels of TPC (7.5 ± 0.2 mg gallic acid eq/g) and substantial levels of α-tocopherol (76.7 ± 1.9 mg/100 g) and β-carotene (23.2 ± 2.8 mg/100 g). The FRAP, α-tocopherol and β-carotene content of pork droëwors increased (P < 0.05) proportionally with increasing levels of MLP inclusion. Lipid oxidation occurred more rapidly (P < 0.05) when MLP was not added and was similar (P > 0.05) for all MLP treatments. There was no significant effect of the inclusion of 0.75 g/100 g MLP on the drying curves and physico-chemical characteristics of the droëwors. The α-tocopherol content was higher (P < 0.05) and TBARS during storage were lower (P > 0.05) with MLP addition. The results of the current study give an overview of the composition of commercial droëwors and showed higher susceptibility to lipid oxidation in pork droëwors. Moringa oleifera leaf powder exhibited antioxidant activity in pork droëwors, inhibited lipid oxidation and increased the content of α-tocopherol in the product. It can be concluded that MLP could be used as a functional antioxidant additive in pork droëwors.]]> Tue 07 May 2024 11:01:32 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39071 Tue 07 May 2024 11:01:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:43038 Tue 07 May 2024 11:01:10 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:43134 Tue 07 May 2024 10:54:22 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29334 0.05) amongst the treatments. The most cost efficient feed (which accumulated the cheapest cost feed per kg were) T1 (R11.32) and T3 (R11.32) although there was a slight difference in the gross profit of these treatments T1 (R45.71) and T3 (R44.48). Carcass characteristics were the same (P > 0.05) across the treatments except for the wing, thigh, drumstick and the breast (P < 0.05). T2 had the highest wing weight (166.63±8.60), T1 (113.03±8.60) and the lowest in T3 (74.46±8.60). The thigh weight were greater (P<0.05) in T2 (185.69±4.34); T1 (185.54±4.34) compared to T3 (166.97±4.34) which was lower. Treatments 1 (204.17±6.57), T2 (197±6.57) had heavier (P<0.05) breast weights than T3 (186.06±6.57). Dietary treatments had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on pH of the breast meat. No differences were observed in colour during the 1 hour period after slaughter. At 24 hours after slaughter, the L* values were different (P < 0.05) in T1 and T2 (44.3 ± 0.37; 43.7 ± 0.37), respectively, T1 and T3 were the same. The a*-values were different (P < 0.05) at 48 hours after slaughter for T1 and T3 (4.5 ± 0.27; 3.4 ± 0.27), T2 was the same as T1. It was therefore, concluded that since manipulation of starter phase did not have adverse effects on growth performance, gross profit, slight statistical difference in meat quality attributes and carcass characteristics. Therefore, the manipulation of starter diet has the potential to be used in broiler production.]]> Tue 07 May 2024 10:54:19 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40402 Tue 07 May 2024 10:54:04 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11118 Tue 07 May 2024 10:52:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28261 Tue 07 May 2024 10:47:49 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39095 Tue 07 May 2024 10:47:22 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29104 Tue 07 May 2024 10:40:36 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39995 Tue 07 May 2024 10:40:21 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39466 Tue 07 May 2024 10:40:18 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34352 Tue 07 May 2024 10:38:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:43254 Tue 07 May 2024 10:34:07 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27747 Tue 07 May 2024 10:33:55 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40966 Tue 07 May 2024 10:33:24 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39256 Tue 07 May 2024 10:33:06 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:55893 Tue 07 May 2024 10:32:36 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28202 Tue 07 May 2024 10:26:25 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27562 Tue 07 May 2024 10:26:19 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30987 Tue 07 May 2024 10:26:12 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40132 Tue 07 May 2024 10:26:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:31282 Tue 07 May 2024 10:26:04 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28263 Tue 07 May 2024 10:19:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:63067 Tue 07 May 2024 10:13:58 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:45648 Tue 07 May 2024 10:13:33 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35387 Tue 07 May 2024 10:12:28 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29225 Tue 07 May 2024 10:12:26 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28094 Tue 07 May 2024 10:12:25 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28110 Tue 07 May 2024 10:12:10 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27396 Tue 07 May 2024 10:02:12 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29529 Tue 07 May 2024 09:58:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42004 Tue 07 May 2024 09:58:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39125 Tue 07 May 2024 09:58:28 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:48494 Tue 07 May 2024 09:53:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:55898 Tue 07 May 2024 09:52:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28501 Tue 07 May 2024 09:51:33 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40200 Tue 07 May 2024 09:51:06 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29346 Tue 07 May 2024 09:37:04 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27604 Tue 07 May 2024 09:30:13 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35651 Tue 07 May 2024 09:23:17 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39055 Tue 07 May 2024 09:20:43 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41102 Tue 07 May 2024 09:19:43 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39384 Tue 07 May 2024 09:16:49 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40567 Tue 07 May 2024 09:16:11 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:29557 Tue 07 May 2024 09:09:24 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35632 Tue 07 May 2024 09:02:16 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:43257 Tue 07 May 2024 08:55:42 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:46975 Tue 07 May 2024 08:55:06 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:26550 Tue 07 May 2024 08:54:27 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:30551 2 for Staphylococcus species, Acinetobacter species and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia suggest that they have arisen from high-risk sources where antibiotics are in constant arbitrary use resulting in high selective pressure. The presence of tetracycline resistance genes in Acinetobacter species justifies the observed phenotypic resistance to oxytetracycline and intermediate resistance to minocycline. High phenotypic resistance and the presence of some resistance genes in Staphylococcus species is a possible threat to public health and suggests animals to be important reservoirs of antibiotic resistance determinants in the environment. Indiscriminate use of antibiotics induces this kind of antibiotic resistance and should be discouraged. Personal hygiene is encouraged as it reduces the load of Acinetobacter species contacted from the environment that may be difficult to control. Commensal Stenotrophomonas maltophilia are as important as their clinical counterparts due to their roles in opportunistic infection, antibiotic resistance and their associated genes, especially sul gene. Personal hygiene is hereby advocated especially when in contact with soil, plants and plants’ rhizospheric soil.]]> Tue 07 May 2024 08:48:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:43139 Tue 07 May 2024 08:41:04 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:43058 Tue 07 May 2024 08:34:22 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:51984 Tue 07 May 2024 08:34:04 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11611 Tue 07 May 2024 08:31:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:43153 Tue 07 May 2024 08:28:01 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:43032 Tue 07 May 2024 08:27:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:70943 Thu 11 Jan 2024 14:02:41 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:70902 Thu 11 Jan 2024 08:40:40 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39088 Thu 07 Mar 2024 09:58:34 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40768 Thu 07 Mar 2024 09:53:15 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:70467 Thu 07 Dec 2023 15:57:46 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:70453 Thu 07 Dec 2023 12:59:58 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:72777 Mon 27 May 2024 13:13:53 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39261 Mon 06 May 2024 16:02:30 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39290 Mon 06 May 2024 16:02:18 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:63170 Mon 06 May 2024 16:02:05 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39111 Mon 06 May 2024 15:41:48 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35645 Mon 06 May 2024 15:41:38 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:27736 Mon 06 May 2024 15:34:25 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:28339 Mon 06 May 2024 15:34:04 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:48857 Mon 06 May 2024 15:33:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40704 Mon 06 May 2024 15:05:59 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:70237 Fri 01 Dec 2023 13:04:57 SAST ]]> https://commons.ufh.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:70233 Fri 01 Dec 2023 10:45:26 SAST ]]>